메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 616-634

Response of tropical clouds to the interannual variation of sea surface temperature

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CLIMATE DATA (1983-1990); CLOUD FEEDBACK; CLOUDS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SST; TROPICAL CLOUD FIELD; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 0029730933     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0616:ROTCTT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0028193387 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between clouds and sea surface temperature in the western tropical Pacific
    • Arking, A., and D. Ziskin, 1994: Relationship between clouds and sea surface temperature in the western tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 7, 988-1000.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 988-1000
    • Arking, A.1    Ziskin, D.2
  • 2
    • 0020332247 scopus 로고
    • Saturation point analysis of moist convective overturning
    • Betts, A. K., 1982: Saturation point analysis of moist convective overturning. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1484-1505.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 1484-1505
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 3
    • 0022266368 scopus 로고
    • Mixing line analysis of clouds and cloudy boundary layers
    • _, 1985: Mixing line analysis of clouds and cloudy boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2751-2763.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 2751-2763
  • 4
    • 0023482398 scopus 로고
    • Conserved variable analysis of boundary layer thermodynamic structure over the tropical oceans
    • _, and B. A. Albrecht, 1987: Conserved variable analysis of boundary layer thermodynamic structure over the tropical oceans. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 83-99.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 83-99
    • Albrecht, B.A.1
  • 5
    • 0024228125 scopus 로고
    • Coupling of the radiative, convective and surface fluxes over the equatorial Pacific
    • _, and W. Ridgway, 1988: Coupling of the radiative, convective and surface fluxes over the equatorial Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 522-536.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 522-536
    • Ridgway, W.1
  • 6
    • 0024784970 scopus 로고
    • Climatic equilibrium of the atmospheric convection boundary layer over a tropical ocean
    • -, and _, 1989: Climatic equilibrium of the atmospheric convection boundary layer over a tropical ocean. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2621-2641.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 2621-2641
  • 7
    • 0000397542 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific
    • Bjerknes, J., 1969: Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 163-172.
    • (1969) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.97 , pp. 163-172
    • Bjerknes, J.1
  • 8
    • 0019172049 scopus 로고
    • The computation of equivalent potential temperature
    • Bolton, D., 1980: The computation of equivalent potential temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1046-1053.
    • (1980) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 1046-1053
    • Bolton, D.1
  • 9
    • 84981683877 scopus 로고
    • Exploratory studies of cloud radiative forcing with a general circulation model
    • Cess, R. D., and G. L. Potter, 1987: Exploratory studies of cloud radiative forcing with a general circulation model. Tellus, 39A, 460-473.
    • (1987) Tellus , vol.39 A , pp. 460-473
    • Cess, R.D.1    Potter, G.L.2
  • 10
    • 0025680011 scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models
    • and Coauthors
    • _, and Coauthors, 1990: Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16 601-16 615.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 16601-16615
  • 11
    • 0000422301 scopus 로고
    • The albedo field and cloud radiative forcing produced by a general circulation model with internally generated cloud optics
    • Charlock, T. P., and V. Ramanathan, 1985: The albedo field and cloud radiative forcing produced by a general circulation model with internally generated cloud optics. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1408-1429.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 1408-1429
    • Charlock, T.P.1    Ramanathan, V.2
  • 12
    • 0343203522 scopus 로고
    • Global monitoring of net solar irradiance at the ocean surface: Climatological variability and the 1982-1983 El Niño
    • Chertock, B., R. Frouin, and R. C. J. Somerville, 1990: Global monitoring of net solar irradiance at the ocean surface: Climatological variability and the 1982-1983 El Niño. J. Climate, 4, 639-650.
    • (1990) J. Climate , vol.4 , pp. 639-650
    • Chertock, B.1    Frouin, R.2    Somerville, R.C.J.3
  • 13
    • 0021543935 scopus 로고
    • The influence of ocean surface temperature gradient and continentality on the Walker Circulation. Part I: Prescribed tropical changes
    • Chervin, R. M., and L. M. Druyan, 1984: The influence of ocean surface temperature gradient and continentality on the Walker Circulation. Part I: Prescribed tropical changes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1510-1523.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1510-1523
    • Chervin, R.M.1    Druyan, L.M.2
  • 14
    • 0018912813 scopus 로고
    • Cloud top entrainment instability
    • Deardorff, J. W., 1980: Cloud top entrainment instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 131-147.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 131-147
    • Deardorff, J.W.1
  • 15
    • 0029751999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models
    • Del Genio, A. D., M. S. Yao, W. Kovari, and K. K.-W. Lo, 1996: A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models. J. Climate, 9, 270-304.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 270-304
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Yao, M.S.2    Kovari, W.3    Lo, K.K.-W.4
  • 16
    • 0027869183 scopus 로고
    • The influence of sea surface temperature gradients on stratiform cloudiness along the equatorial front in the Pacific Ocean
    • Deser, C., J. J. Bates, and S. Wahl, 1993: The influence of sea surface temperature gradients on stratiform cloudiness along the equatorial front in the Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 6, 1172-1180.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1172-1180
    • Deser, C.1    Bates, J.J.2    Wahl, S.3
  • 17
    • 0026616375 scopus 로고
    • Cirruscloud thermostat for tropical sea surface temperatures tested using satellite data
    • Fu, R., A. D. Del Genio, W. B. Rossow, and W. T. Liu, 1992: Cirruscloud thermostat for tropical sea surface temperatures tested using satellite data. Nature, 358, 394-397.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 394-397
    • Fu, R.1    Del Genio, A.D.2    Rossow, W.B.3    Liu, W.T.4
  • 18
    • 0028561695 scopus 로고
    • Influence of ocean surface conditions on atmospheric vertical thermodynamic structure and deep convection
    • _, _, and _, 1994: Influence of ocean surface conditions on atmospheric vertical thermodynamic structure and deep convection. J. Climate, 7, 1092-1108.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1092-1108
  • 19
    • 0021566176 scopus 로고
    • Ocean-atmosphere coupling over monsoon regions
    • Gadgil, S. P., P. V. Joseph, and N. V. Joshi, 1984: Ocean-atmosphere coupling over monsoon regions. Nature, 312, 141-143.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.312 , pp. 141-143
    • Gadgil, S.P.1    Joseph, P.V.2    Joshi, N.V.3
  • 20
    • 0023507835 scopus 로고
    • Observations of sea surface temperature and convection over tropical oceans
    • Graham, N. E., and T. P. Barnett, 1987: Observations of sea surface temperature and convection over tropical oceans. Science, 238, 657-659.
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 657-659
    • Graham, N.E.1    Barnett, T.P.2
  • 21
    • 5844234309 scopus 로고
    • On the estimation of a complex-valued coherency function using a discrete fourier transform
    • Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Halpern, D., 1973: On the estimation of a complex-valued coherency function using a discrete fourier transform. Proc. of the Third Conf. on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Sciences, Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 157-164.
    • (1973) Proc. of the Third Conf. on Probability and Statistics in Atmospheric Sciences , pp. 157-164
    • Halpern, D.1
  • 22
    • 0027707986 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale effects on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature
    • Hartmann, D. L., and M. L. Michelson, 1993: Large-scale effects on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 6, 2049-2062.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 2049-2062
    • Hartmann, D.L.1    Michelson, M.L.2
  • 23
    • 84995114587 scopus 로고
    • Earth Radiation Budget data and climate research
    • _, V. Ramanathan, A. Berroir, and G. E. Hunt, 1986: Earth Radiation Budget data and climate research. Rev. Geophys., 24, 439-468.
    • (1986) Rev. Geophys. , vol.24 , pp. 439-468
    • Ramanathan, V.1    Berroir, A.2    Hunt, G.E.3
  • 24
    • 0025729169 scopus 로고
    • Limit to greenhouse warming?
    • Heymsfield, A. J., and L. M. Miloshevich, 1991: Limit to greenhouse warming? Nature, 351, 14-15.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 14-15
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Miloshevich, L.M.2
  • 25
    • 0027801384 scopus 로고
    • The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds
    • Klein, S. A., and D. L. Hartmann, 1993: The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate, 6, 1587-1606.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 1587-1606
    • Klein, S.A.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 26
    • 0029544203 scopus 로고
    • On the relationship among low cloud structure, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation
    • _, _, and J. R. Norris, 1995: On the relationship among low cloud structure, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation. J. Climate, 8, 1140-1155.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1140-1155
    • Norris, J.R.1
  • 27
    • 0024221132 scopus 로고
    • Stability of cloud-topped boundary layers
    • Kuo, H., and W. H. Schubert, 1988: Stability of cloud-topped boundary layers. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 887-916.
    • (1988) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 887-916
    • Kuo, H.1    Schubert, W.H.2
  • 28
    • 0024189876 scopus 로고
    • Intraseasonal and interannual variations of tropical convection: A possible link between the 40-50 day oscillation and ENSO?
    • Lau, K. M., and P. H. Chan, 1988: Intraseasonal and interannual variations of tropical convection: A possible link between the 40-50 day oscillation and ENSO? J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 506-521.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 506-521
    • Lau, K.M.1    Chan, P.H.2
  • 29
    • 0028592859 scopus 로고
    • An inquiry into the cirrus-cloud thermostat effect for tropical sea surface temperature
    • _, C. H. Sui, M. D. Chou, and W. K. Tao, 1994: An inquiry into the cirrus-cloud thermostat effect for tropical sea surface temperature. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1157-1164.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 1157-1164
    • Sui, C.H.1    Chou, M.D.2    Tao, W.K.3
  • 30
    • 0028578621 scopus 로고
    • A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmospheric-ocean system
    • Lau, N. C., and M. J. Nath, 1994: A modeling study of the relative roles of tropical and extratropical SST anomalies in the variability of the global atmospheric-ocean system. J. Climate, 7, 1184-1207.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1184-1207
    • Lau, N.C.1    Nath, M.J.2
  • 31
    • 84978549009 scopus 로고
    • Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion
    • Lilly, D. K., 1968: Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 292-309.
    • (1968) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 292-309
    • Lilly, D.K.1
  • 32
    • 0000838089 scopus 로고
    • On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics
    • Lindzen, R. S., and S. Nigam, 1987: On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2418-2436.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 2418-2436
    • Lindzen, R.S.1    Nigam, S.2
  • 33
    • 0001110522 scopus 로고
    • Thermal forcing on the tropical Pacific from satellite data
    • Liu, T. W., and C. Gautier, 1990: Thermal forcing on the tropical Pacific from satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13 209-13 217.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 13209-13217
    • Liu, T.W.1    Gautier, C.2
  • 34
    • 0028593093 scopus 로고
    • Evaporation and solar irradiance as regulators of sea surface temperature in annual and interannual changes
    • _, A. Z. Zhang, and J. K. B. Bishop, 1994: Evaporation and solar irradiance as regulators of sea surface temperature in annual and interannual changes. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12623-12637.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 12623-12637
    • Zhang, A.Z.1    Bishop, J.K.B.2
  • 35
    • 0025625358 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-top entrainment instability through small-scale mixing and its parameterization in numerical models
    • MacVean, M. K., and P. J. Mason, 1990: Cloud-top entrainment instability through small-scale mixing and its parameterization in numerical models. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1012-1030.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 1012-1030
    • MacVean, M.K.1    Mason, P.J.2
  • 36
    • 0001071126 scopus 로고
    • Climate and ocean circulation. Part I: The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth's surface
    • Manabe, S., 1969: Climate and ocean circulation. Part I: The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth's surface. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 739-774.
    • (1969) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.97 , pp. 739-774
    • Manabe, S.1
  • 37
    • 0022824484 scopus 로고
    • Evaporative cooling of the western equatorial Pacific ocean by anomalous winds
    • Meyers, G., J. R. Donguy, and R. K. Reed, 1986: Evaporative cooling of the western equatorial Pacific ocean by anomalous winds. Nature, 323, 523-526.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.323 , pp. 523-526
    • Meyers, G.1    Donguy, J.R.2    Reed, R.K.3
  • 38
    • 0027045525 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cloud type on earth's energy balance: Results for selected regions
    • Ockert-Bell, M. E., and D. L. Hartmann, 1992: The effect of cloud type on earth's energy balance: Results for selected regions. J. Climate, 5, 1157-1170.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 1157-1170
    • Ockert-Bell, M.E.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 39
    • 0029412925 scopus 로고
    • Thermostats, radiator fins, and the local runaway greenhouse
    • Pierrehumbert, R. T., 1995: Thermostats, radiator fins, and the local runaway greenhouse. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1784-1806.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1784-1806
    • Pierrehumbert, R.T.1
  • 41
    • 0026293941 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Niño
    • Ramanathan, V., and W. Collins, 1991: Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Niño. Nature, 351, 27-32.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 27-32
    • Ramanathan, V.1    Collins, W.2
  • 42
    • 0018921155 scopus 로고
    • Conditional instability of the first kind upsidedown
    • Randall, D. A., 1980: Conditional instability of the first kind upsidedown. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 125-130.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 125-130
    • Randall, D.A.1
  • 43
    • 0020901514 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological aspects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
    • Rasmusson, E. M., and J. M. Wallace, 1983: Meteorological aspects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Science, 222, 1195-1202.
    • (1983) Science , vol.222 , pp. 1195-1202
    • Rasmusson, E.M.1    Wallace, J.M.2
  • 44
    • 0002397310 scopus 로고
    • A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis
    • Reynolds, R. W., 1988: A real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. J. Climate, 1, 75-86.
    • (1988) J. Climate , vol.1 , pp. 75-86
    • Reynolds, R.W.1
  • 45
    • 0000335197 scopus 로고
    • Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
    • Ropelewski, C. F., and M. S. Halpert, 1987: Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1606-1626.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 1606-1626
    • Ropelewski, C.F.1    Halpert, M.S.2
  • 46
    • 0000813474 scopus 로고
    • Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance measurements. Part II: Cloud properties and radiative effects
    • Rossow, W. B., and A. A. Lacis, 1990: Global, seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance measurements. Part II: Cloud properties and radiative effects. J. Climate, 3, 1204-1253.
    • (1990) J. Climate , vol.3 , pp. 1204-1253
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Lacis, A.A.2
  • 47
  • 49
    • 0000782405 scopus 로고
    • Tropical sea surface temperature: An interactive one-dimensional atmosphere ocean model
    • Sarachik, E. S., 1978: Tropical sea surface temperature: An interactive one-dimensional atmosphere ocean model. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2, 455-469.
    • (1978) Dyn. Atmos. Oceans , vol.2 , pp. 455-469
    • Sarachik, E.S.1
  • 50
    • 0028607866 scopus 로고
    • Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature with satellite-derived solar radiative forcing
    • Seager, R., and M. B. Blumenthal, 1994: Modeling tropical Pacific sea surface temperature with satellite-derived solar radiative forcing. J. Climate, 7, 1943-1957.
    • (1994) J. Climate , vol.7 , pp. 1943-1957
    • Seager, R.1    Blumenthal, M.B.2
  • 51
    • 0027532797 scopus 로고
    • Carbon diozide and climate: The impact of cloud parametrization
    • Senior, C. A., and J. F. B. Mitchell, 1993: Carbon diozide and climate: The impact of cloud parametrization. J. Climate, 6, 393-418.
    • (1993) J. Climate , vol.6 , pp. 393-418
    • Senior, C.A.1    Mitchell, J.F.B.2
  • 52
    • 0027042876 scopus 로고
    • A numerical investigation of cloud-top entrainment instability and related experiments. Quart
    • Siems, S. T., and C. S. Bretherton, 1992: A numerical investigation of cloud-top entrainment instability and related experiments. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 787-818.
    • (1992) J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.118 , pp. 787-818
    • Siems, S.T.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 54
    • 0026724777 scopus 로고
    • An air-conditioned greenhouse
    • Stephens, G., and T. Slingo, 1992: An air-conditioned greenhouse. Nature, 358, 394-397.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 394-397
    • Stephens, G.1    Slingo, T.2
  • 55
    • 0021558993 scopus 로고
    • The influence of ocean surface temperature gradient and continentality on the Walker Circulation. Part II: Prescribed global changes
    • Stone, P. H., and R. M. Chervin, 1984: The influence of ocean surface temperature gradient and continentality on the Walker Circulation. Part II: Prescribed global changes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1524-1534.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1524-1534
    • Stone, P.H.1    Chervin, R.M.2
  • 56
    • 0027845837 scopus 로고
    • Convective cloud systems and warm-pool SSTs: Coupled interactions and self-regulation
    • Waliser, D. E., and N. E. Graham, 1993: Convective cloud systems and warm-pool SSTs: Coupled interactions and self-regulation. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12 881-12 893.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 12881-12893
    • Waliser, D.E.1    Graham, N.E.2
  • 57
    • 0026447456 scopus 로고
    • Effect of deep convection on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature
    • Wallace, J. M., 1992: Effect of deep convection on the regulation of tropical sea surface temperature. Nature, 357, 230-231.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 230-231
    • Wallace, J.M.1
  • 58
    • 0002981566 scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean
    • NCAR/TN-317+STR
    • Warren, S. G., C. J. Hahn, J. London, R. M. Chervin, and R. L. Jenne, 1988: Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean. NCAR Tech. Notes, NCAR/TN-317+STR, 42 pp.
    • (1988) NCAR Tech. Notes
    • Warren, S.G.1    Hahn, C.J.2    London, J.3    Chervin, R.M.4    Jenne, R.L.5
  • 59
    • 0027869897 scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse sensitivity experiments with penetrative cumulus convection and tropical cirrus albedo effects
    • Washington, W., and G. Meehl, 1993: Greenhouse sensitivity experiments with penetrative cumulus convection and tropical cirrus albedo effects. Climate Dyn., 8, 211-223.
    • (1993) Climate Dyn. , vol.8 , pp. 211-223
    • Washington, W.1    Meehl, G.2
  • 60
    • 0000335201 scopus 로고
    • A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • Zebiak, S. E., and M. A. Cane, 1987: A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2262-2278.
    • (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.115 , pp. 2262-2278
    • Zebiak, S.E.1    Cane, M.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.