Oral protein drug delivery

Journal of Drug Targeting

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 195-232

  Wang, Wei ^a  

^a BAYER CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Absorption; Barriers; Endocytosis; Enhancers; Liposomes; Microparticulates

Indexed keywords

LIPOSOME; MICROSPHERE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

ANIMAL TISSUE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG DIFFUSION; DRUG FORMULATION; ENDOCYTOSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INTESTINE ABSORPTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029730138     PISSN: 1061186X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10611869608995624     Document Type: Review

References (202)

1. Adjei, A. and Gupta, P. (1994) Pulmonary delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. J. Control. Release, 29, 361-373.
2. ™ mediated human growth hormone absorption in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Pharm. Res., 12 (Suppl), S-293.
3. Akiyama, Y.; Nagahara, N.; Kashihara, T.; Hirai, S. and Toguchi, H. (1995) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres prepared for the gastrointestinal tract using polyglycerol esters of fatty acids and a poly(acrylic acid) derivative. Pharm. Res., 12, 397-405.
4. Alpar, H.O.; Field, W.N.; Hyde, R. and Lewis, D.A. (1989) The transport of microspheres from the gastrointestinal tract to inflammatory air pouches in the rat. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 41, 194-196.
5. Anderson, M.T.; Harding, S.E. and Davis, S.S. (1989) One the interaction in solution of a candidate mucoadhesive polymer, diethylaminoethyl-dextran, with pig gastric mucus glycoprotein. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 17, 1101-1102.
6. Arrieta-Molero, J.E.; Aleck, K.; Sinha, M.K.; Brownscheidle, C.M.; Shapiro, L.J. and Sperling, M.A. (1982) Orally administered liposome entrapped insulin in diabetic animals. Horm. Res., 16, 249-256.
7. Asada, H.; Douen, T.; Waki, M.; Adachi, S.; Fujita, T.; Yamamoto, A. and Muranishi, S. (1995) Absorption characteristics of chemically modified-insulin derivatives with various fatty acids in the small and large intestine. J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 682-687.
8. Austen, D.E.G. (1970) Thiol groups in the blood clotting action of factor VIII. Br. J. Haematol., 19, 477-484.
9. Austen, D.E.G, and Rizza, C.R. (1981) Oral treatment of haemophilia. Lancet, ii. 359.
10. Bai, J.P.F. and Amidon, G.L. (1992) Structural specificity of mucosal-cell transport and metabolism of peptide drugs: implication for oral drug delivery. Pharm. Res., 9, 969-978.
11. Bai, J.P.F. and Chang, L.L. (1995) Transepitheltal transport of insulin: I. Insulin degradation by insulin-degrading enzyme in small intestinal epithelium. Pharm. Res., 12, 1171-1175.
12. Bai, J P.F.; Chang, L.L and Guo, J H. (1995) Effects of polyacrylic polymers on the lumenal proteolysis of peptide drugs in the colon. J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 1291-1294.
13. Banga, A.K. and Chien, Y W. (1988) Systemic delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. Int. J. Pharm., 48, 15-50.
14. Berdanier, C.D. (1988) Role of membrane lipids in metabolic regulation. Nutr. Rev., 46, 145-149.
15. Bernstein, H.; Mathiowitz, E ; Morrel, E. and Brickner, A. (1993) Erythropoietin drug delivery system. International Patent, No. WO 93/25221.
16. Bhat, P.G.; Flanagan, D.R. and Donovan, M.D. (1995) The limiting role of mucus in drug absorption: drug permeation through mucus solution. Int. J. Pharm., 126, 179-187.
17. Bloch, K.J. and Walker, W.A. (1981) Effect of locally induced intestinal anaphylaxis on the uptake of a bystander antigen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 67, 312-316.
18. Bloch, K.J.; Wright, J.A.; Bishara, S.M. and Bloch, M.B. (1988) Uptake of polypeptide fragments of proteins by rat intestine in vitro and in vivo. Gastroenterology, 95, 1272-1278.
19. Bone, A.J.; Barley, J.; Winwood, D.; Ekwuribe, N.; Rosenberg, B. and Radhakrishnan, B. (1995) Successful treatment of type I diabetes with orally-active insulin: studies in the insulin dependent BB/S rat. Diabetes, 44, S1-160A.
20. Breimer, D.D. (1992) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis for peptide drug delivery system design, J. Control. Release, 21, 5-10.
21. Burton, P.S.; Conradi, R.A. and Hilgers, A.R. (1991) Transcellular mechanism of peptide and protein absorption: passive aspects. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 7, 365-386.
22. Butler, B.D., Lichtenberger, L.M. and Hills, B.A. (1983) Distribution of surfactants in the canine gastrointestinal tract and their ability to lubricate. Am. J. Physiol., 244, G645-G651.
23. Chan, O.H.; Hamilton, H.W.; Steinbaugh, B.; Taylor, M.D. and Stewart, B.H. (1992) Quantitative structure-absorption relationship in renin inhibitors and structurally related compounds. Pharm. Res., 10 (Suppl), S347.
24. Chickering, D.E 3rd; Harris, WP and Mathiowitz, E. (1995) A microtensiometer for the analysis of bioadhesive microspheres. Biomed. Instrum. Technol., 29, 501-512.
25. Chien, Y.W. and Banga, A.K. (1989) Potential developments in systemic delivery of insulin. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 15, 1601-1634.
26. Cho, Y.W. and Flynn, M. (1989) Oral delivery of insulin. Lancet, ii, 1518-1519.
27. Cohen, S.; Yoshioka, T.; Lucarelli, M.; Huwang, L.H. and Langer, R. (1991) Controlled delivery systems for proteins based on poly(lactic/glycolic acid) microspheres. Pharm Res., 8, 713-720.
28. Conradi, R.A.; Hilgers, A.R.; Ho, N.F.H. and Burton, P.S. (1992) The influence of peptide structure on transport across caco-2 cells. II Peptide bond modification which results in improved permeability. Pharm. Res., 9, 435-439.
29. Constantinides, P.P. (1995) Lipid microemulsions for improving drug dissolution and oral absorption: physical and biopharmaceutical aspects. Pharm. Res., 12, 1561-1572.
30. Cooper, M.; Teichberg, S. and Lifshitz, F. (1978) Alterations in rat jejunal permeability to a macromolecular tracer during a hyperosmotic load. Lab. Invest., 38, 447-454.
31. Couvreur, P.; Lenaerts, V.; Kante, B.; Roland, M. and Speiser, P. (1980) Oral and parenteral administration of insulin associated to hydrolyzable nanoparticles. Acta. Pharm. Technol., 26, 220-222.
32. Crane, C.W.; Path, M.C. and Luntz, G.R.W.N. (1968) Absorption of insulin from the human small intestine. Diabetes, 17, 625-627.
33. Cullander, C. and Guy, R.H. (1992) Transdermal delivery of peptides and proteins. Adv. Drug Deliv Rev., 8, 291-329.
34. Damgé, C.; Michael, C.; Aprahamian, M.; Couvreur, P. (1986) Advantage of a new colloidal drug delivery system in the insulin treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetologia, 29, 531A.
35. Damgé, C.; Michael, C.; Aprahamian, M. and Couvreur, P. (1988) New approach for oral administration of insulin with polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules as drug carrier. Diabetes, 37, 246-251.
36. Damgé, C.; Michael, C.; Aprahamian, M.; Couvreur, P. and Devis-saguet, J.P. (1990) Nanoparticles as carriers for oral peptide delivery. J. Control. Release, 13, 233-239.
37. Davis, S.S. (1989) Gastrointestinal absorption of polypeptides in Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins: Formulation, Delivery and Targeting. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
38. Davis, S.S. (1992) Delivery systems for biopharmaceuticals. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 44, (Suppl 1), 186-190.
39. de Bore, A.G.; van Hoogdalem, E.J. and Breimer, D.D. (1992) Rate controlled rectal peptide drug absorption. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 8, 237-251.
40. Dent, C.E. and Schilling, J.A. (1949) Studies on the absorption of proteins: the amino-acid patten in the portal blood. Biochem. J., 44, 318-333.
41. Desai, M.P.; Labhasetwar, V.; Song, C.; Qu, X.; Amidon, G.L and Levy, R.J. (1995) Uptake of microparticles by gut associated lymphoid tissue. Pharm. Res., 12 (Suppl), S-233.
42. Dobre, V.; Georgescu, D.; Simionescu, L.; Aman, E. Stroescu, V. and Motas, C. (1983) The entrapment of biological active substances into liposomes. I. Effects of oral administration of liposomally entrapped insulin in normal rats. Rev. Roum. Biochim., 20, 15.
43. Dobre, V.; Simionescu, L.; Stroescu, V., Georgescu, D.; Aman, E.; Trandaburu, T. and Motas, C. (1984) The entrapment of biological active substances into liposomes. II. Effects of oral administration of liposomally entrapped insulin in normal and alloxanized rats. Endocrinologie, 22, 253-260.
44. Doris, A. and Maack, T. (1985) Endocytic uptake, transport, and catabolism of proteins by epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol., 248, C12-C20.
45. Dressman, J.B. (1986) Comparison of canine and human gastrointestinal physiology. Pharm. Res., 3, 123-131.
46. Drewe, J.J.; Beglinger, C. and Fricker, G. (1995) Modulation of intestinal absorption of octreotide by distinct carbohydrates. Gastrointerology. 108 (4 Suppl), A282.
47. Ducroc, R.; Heyman, M.; Beaufrere, B.; Morgan, J L. and Desjeux, J.F. (1983) Horseradish peroxidase transport across rabbit jejunum and Peyer's patches in vitro Am. J. Physiol., 245, G54-G58.
48. Eldridge, J.H.; Hammond, C.J.; Meubroek, J.A.; Staas,; J.K., Gilley, R.M. and Tice, T.R. (1990) Controlled vaccine release in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues: orally administered biodegradable microspheres target the Peyer's patches. J. Control. Release, 11, 205-214.
49. Erlij, D. and Martinez-Palomo, A. (1972) Opening of tight junctions in frog skin by hypertonic urea solutions J. Membr. Biol. 9, 229-240.
50. Fricker, G. and Drewe, J.J. (1995) Enteral absorption of octreotide: modulation of intestinal permeability by distinct carbohydrate. J. Pharmcol. Exp. Ther. 274, 826-832.
51. Florence, A.T.; Hillery, A.M ; Hussain, N. and Jani, P.U. (1995) Nanoparticles as carriers for oral peptide absorption: studies on particle uptake and fate. J Control. Release, 36, 39-46.
52. Gallo-Payet, N and Jugon, J.S. (1984) Insulin in isolated adult mouse intestinal cells: studies in vivo and in organ culture. Endocrinology, 114, 1885-1892.
53. Gallo-Payet, N. and Hugon, J.S. (1985) Epidermal growth factor receptors in isolated adult mouse intestinal cells: studies in vivo and in organ culture. Endocrinology, 116, 194-210.
54. Gardner, M.L.G. (1984) Intestinal assimilation of intact peptides and proteins from the diet - a neglected field? Biol. Rev., 59, 289-331.
55. Gardner, M.L.G. (1988) Gastrointestinal absorption of intact proteins. Ann. Rev. Nutr., 8, 329-250.
56. Gonnella, P.A. and Neutra, M.R. (1984) Membrane-bound and fluid-phase macromolecules enter separate prelysosomal compartments in absorptive cells of suckling rat ileum. J. Cell Biol., 99, 909-917.
57. Gupta, P.K. and Robinson, J.R. (1995) Effect of volume and viscosity of coadministered fluid on gastrointestinal distribution of small particles. Int. J. Pharm., 125, 185-193.
58. Hashida, M.; Nishikawa, M.; Yamashita, F. and Takakura, Y. (1984) Targeting delivery of protein drugs by chemical modification. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 20, 581-590.
59. Hashimoto, A. and Kawada, J. (1979) Effects of oral administration of positively charged insulin liposomes on alloxan diabetic rats: preliminary study. Endocrinol. Jpn., 26, 337-344.
60. Hastewell, J.; Lynch S.; Fox, R.; Williamson, I.; Skelton-Stroud, P. and Mackay M. (1994) Enhancement of human calcitonin absorption across the rat colon in vivo. Int. J. Pharm., 101, 115-120.
61. Hayakawa, E.; Yamamoto, A.; Shoji, Y. and Lee, V.H.L. (1989) Effect of sodium glycocholate and polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether on the hydrolysis of varying concentrations of insulin in the nasal homogenates of the albino rabbit. Life Sci., 45, 167-174.
62. Hayakawa, E. and Lee, V.H.L. (1992) Aminopeptidase activity in the jejunal and ileal Peyer's parches of the albino rabbit. Pharm. Res., 9, 535-540.
63. Hemker, H.C.; Hermens, W.T.; Muller, A D. and Zwaal, R.F.A. (1980) Oral treatment of haemophilia A by gastrointestinal absorption of factor VIII entrapped in liposomes. Lancet, i, 70-71.
64. Heyman, M.; Ducroc, R.; Desjeux, J-F. and Morgat, J.L. (1982) Horseradish peroxidase transport across adult rabbit jejunum in vitro. Am. J. Physiol., 242, G558-G564.
65. Higashi, Y. and Lee, V.H.L. (1993) Influence of PZ-peptide on peptide and protein transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Pharm. Res., 10 (Suppl), S292.
66. Ho, H-O.; Hsiao C-C.; and Sheu M-T. (1996) Preparation of microemulsion using polyglycerol fatty acid esters as surfactant for the delivery of protein drugs. J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 138-143.
67. Ho, N.F.H.; Barsuhn, C.L.; Burton, P.S. and Merkle, H.P. (1992) Mechanistic insites to buccal delivery of proteinaceous substances. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 8, 197-235.
68. Horikoshi, I.; Sakuragawa, N.; Masaharu U. and Takahashi K. (1982) Pharmaceutical composition for oral administration containing coagulation factor VIII or IX. US patent #4348384.
69. Hosney, E.A.; Khan Ghilzai N.M. and Al-Dhawalie, A.H. (1995) Effective intestinal absorption of insulin in diabetic rats using enteric coated capsules containing sodium salicylate. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 21, 1583-1589.
70. Humphrey, M.J. (1986) The oral bioavailability of peptides and related drugs. In Davis, S.S. (ed), Delivery Systems for Peptide Drugs. (Plenum Press), pp 139-151.
71. Huneau, J.F. and Tomé, D. (1990) In vitro transport of β-lactoglobulin across the jejunum of lactose-fed rats. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 30, 237-244.
72. Jani, P.; Halbert, G.W.; Langridge, J. and Florence, A.T. (1990) Nanoparticle uptake by the rat gastrointestinal mucosa: quantitation and particle size dependency. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 42, 821-826.
73. Jensen-Pippo, K.E.; Whitcomb, K.L.; Woodward, M.; Wilson, J.; Reardon, P. and Habberfield, A. (1995) Enterai bioavailability of pcgylated IFN-Con1. Pharm. Res., 12 (Suppl), S-291.
74. Jensen-Pippo, K.E.; Whitcomb, K.L.; DePrince R.B.; Ralph L. and Habberfield, A. (1996) Enterai bioavailability of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor conjugated with poly(ethylene glucol). Pharm. Res., 13, 102-107.
75. Kahna, A.N. and Bundgaard, H. (1991) Prodrugs of peptides. 13. Stabilization of peptide amides against α-chymotrypsin by the prodrug approach. Pharm. Res., 8, 1533-1538.
76. Kararli, T.T. (1989) Gastrointestinal absorption of drugs. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 6, 39-86.
77. Katre, N.V. (1993) The conjugation of proteins with polyethylene glycol and other polymers altering properties of proteins to enhance their therapeutic potential. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 10, 91-114.
78. Kawada, J.; Tanaka, N. and Nozaka, Y. (1981) No reduction of blood glucose in diabetic rats after oral administration of insulin liposomes prepared under acidic conditions. Endocrinol. Jpn., 28, 235-238.
79. Keljo, D.J. and Hamilton, J.R. (1983) Quantitative determination of macromolecular transport rate across intestinal Peyer's patches. Am. J. Physiol., 244, G637-G644.
80. Kidron, M.; Bar-On, H.; Berry, E.M. and Ziv, E. (1982) The absorption of insulin from various regions of the rat intestine. Life Sci., 31, 2837-2841.
81. Kilshaw, P.J. and Slade, H. (1980) Passage of ingested protein into the blood during gastrointestinal hypersensitivity reactions: experiments in the preruminant calf. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 41, 575-582.
82. Kirby, C.J. and Gregoriadis, G. (1984) Preparation of liposome containing factor VIII for oral treatment of haemophilia. J. Microencapsul., 1, 33-45.
83. Kompella, U.B. and Lee, V.H.L. (1992) Pharmacokinetics of peptide and protein drugs. In Lee, V.H.L. (ed), Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery (Marcel Decker), pp 391-484.
84. Kompella, U.B. and Lee, V.H.L. (1992) Delivery systems for penetration enhancement of peptide and protein drugs: design considerations. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 8, 115-162.
85. Kraehenbuhl, J.P. and Campiche, M.A. (1969) Early stages of intestinal absorption of specific antibodies in the newborn J. Cell Biol., 42, 345-364.
86. Kriwet, B. and Kissel, T. (1993) Bioadhesion microspheres by inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylic acid. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Release Bioact. Mater., 20, 344-345.
87. Lauer, G. and Minuth, W.W. (1988) Apico-basal osmotic gradient induces transcytosis in cultured renal collecting duct epithelium. J. Membr. Biol., 101, 93-101.
88. Lavelle, E.C.; Sharif, S.; Thomas, N.W.; Holland, J. and Davis, S.S. (1995). The importance of gastrointestinal uptake of particles in the design of oral delivery systems. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 18, 5-22.
89. Lecce, J.G. (1966) In vitro absorption of γ-globulin by neonatal intestinal epithelium of the pig. J. Physiol., 184, 594-604.
90. Lee, V.H.L. (1988) Enzymatic barriers to peptide and protein absorption. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 5, 69-97.
91. Lee, V.H.L. (1990) Protease inhibitors and penetration enhances as approaches to modify peptide absorption. J. Control. Release, 13, 213-223.
92. Lee, V.H.L. (1987) Ophthalmic delivery of peptides and proteins. Pharm. Technol., April, 26-38.
93. Lee, V.H.L.; Dodda-Kashi, S.; Grass, G.M. and Rubas, W. (1992) Oral route of peptide and protein drug delivery. In Lee, V.H.L. (ed), Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery (Marcel Deccker), pp 691-737.
94. Lee, V.H.L.; Yamamoto, A. and Kompella, U.B. (1991) Mucosal penetration enhances for facilitation of peptide and protein drug absorption. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 8, 91-192.
95. Lee, W.A. and Longenecker, J.P. (1988) Intranasal delivery of proteins and peptides: Biopharm, April, 30-37.
96. Lefevre, E.; Joel, D.D. and Schidlovsky, G. (1995) Retention of ingested latex particles in Peyer's patches of germfree and conventional mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 179, 522-528.
97. Lehr, C-M.; Bouwstra, J.A.; Kok, W.; Noach, B.J.; de Boer, A.G. and Junginger, H.E. (1992) Bioadhesion by means of specific binding of tomato lectin. Pharm Res , 9, 547-553.
98. Lehr, C-M.; Poelma, F.G.J.; Junginger, H.E. and Tucker, J.J. (1991) An estimation of turnover time of intestinal mucus gel layer in the rat in situ loop. Int. J. Pharm., 70, 235-240.
99. Lennarnäs, H. (1995) Does fluid flow across the intestinal mucosa affect quantitative oral drug absorption? Is it time for a reevaluation. Pharm. Res., 12, 1573-1582.
100. Leo, A.; Hansch, C. and Elkins, D. (1971) Partition coefficients and their uses. Chem. Rev., 71, 525-615.
101. Leone-Bay, A.; Santiago, N., Achan, D.; Chaudhary, K.; DeMorin, F.; Falzarano L.; Haas, S.; Kalbag, S.; Kaplan, D.; Leipold, H.; Lercara, C.; O'Toole, D.; Rivera, T.; Rosado, C.; Sarubbi, D.; Vuocolo, E.; Wang, N-F.; Milstein, S. and Baughman, R.A. (1995) N-acylated α-amino acids as novel oral delivery agents for proteins. J. Med. Chem., 38, 4263-4269.
102. Lien, E.J. (1985) Molecular structures and different modes of exposure affecting transport and toxicities of chemicals: QSAR analysis. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4, 259-271.
103. Lindemann, B. and Solomon, A.K. (1962) Permeability of luminal surface of intestinal mucosal cells. J Gen. Physiol., 45, 801-810.
104. Loehry, C.A.; Axon, A.T.R.; Hilton, P.J.; Hider, R.C. and Creamer, B. (1970) Permeability of the small intestine to substances of different molecular weight. Gut, 11, 466-470.
105. Loehry, C.A.; Kingham, J. and Baker, J. (1973) Small intestinal permeability in animals and man. Gut, 14, 683-688.
106. Lu, W. and Park, T.G. (1995) Protein release from poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) microspheres: protein stability problems. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol., 49, 13-19.
107. Lundin, S.; Pantzar, N.; Hedine, L. and Weström, B.R. (1990) Intestinal absorption enhancement by sodium taurodihydrofusidate of a peptide hormone analogue (dDAVP) and a macromolecule (BSA) in vitro and in vivo. Int. J. Pharm., 59, 263-269.
108. Mackay, M.; Williamson, I. and Hastewell, J. (1991) Cell biology of epithelia. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 7, 313-338.
109. Madara, J.L. (1991) Functional morphology of epithelium of the small intestine. In Field, M. and Raymond A.F. (eds) Volume IV: Intestinal Absorption and Secretion (American Physiological Society), pp 83-120.
110. Manning, F.; Fágáin, C.Ó.; O'Kennedy, R. and Woodhams, B. (1995) Effect of chemical modifiers on recombinant factor VIII activity. Thromb. Res., 80, 247-54.
111. Matthews, D.M. (1975) Intestinal absorption of peptides. Physiol. Rev., 55, 537-608.
112. Marcon-Genty, D.; Tome, D.; Kheroua, O.; Dumontier, A-M.; Heyman, M. and Desjeux, J-F. (1989) Transport of β-plactoglobulin across rabbit ileum in vitro. Am. J. Physiol., 256, G943-G948.
113. Mesiha, M.; Plakogiannis, F. and Vejosoth, S. (1994) Enhanced oral absorption of insulin from desolvated fatty acid-sodium glycocholate emulsions. Int. J. Pharm., 111, 213-216.
114. Mesiha, M. and Sidhom, M. (1995) Increased oral absorption enhancement of insulin by medium viscosity hydroxypropyl cellulose. Int. J. Pharm., 114, 137-140.
115. Mustein, S.J. and Kantor, M.L. (1995) Proteinoid microspheres and methods for preparation and use thereof. US patent, #5443841.
116. Mizushima, Y. (1994a) Modified biologically active protein composition. US patent, #5362491.
117. Mizushima, Y. (1994b) Lysolecithin Derivatives. US patent, #5310958.
118. Moore, J.A.; Anne Pletcher, S. and Ross, M.J. (1986) Absorption enhancement of growth hormone from the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Int. J. Pharm., 34, 35-43.
119. Morishita, I.; Morishita, M.; Takayama, K.; Machida, Y. and Nagai, T. (1993) Enterai insulin delivery by microspheres in 3 different formulations using Eudragit L100 and S100. Int. J. Pharm., 91, 29-37.
120. Moriya, H.; Moriwaki, C.; Akimote, S.; Yamaguchi, K. and Iwadare, M. (1967) Studies on the passage of α-chymotrypsin across the intestine. Chem Pharm. Bull., 15, 1662-1668.
121. Moufti, A.; Weingarten, C.; Puisieux, F.; Luong, T.T. and Durand, G. (1980) Hypoglycemia after liposomized insulin in the rat. Pediatr. Res., 14, 174
122. Mumtaz, S. and Backhawat, B.K. (1991) Conjugation of proteins and enzymes with hydrophilic polymers and their applications. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 28, 346-351.
123. Naisbett, B. and Woodley, J. (1994) The potential use of tomato lectin for oral drug delivery: 2. Mechanism of uptake in vitro. Int. J Pharm , 110, 127-136.
124. Naisbett, B. and Woodley, J. (1995) The potential use of tomato lectin for oral drug delivery: 3. Bioadhesion in vivo. Int. J. Pharm., 114, 227-236.
125. Narawane, M.; Podder S.K.; Bundgaard, H. and Lee, V.H.L. (1993) Segmental differences in drug permeability, esterase activity and ketone reductase activity in the albino rabbit intestine. J. Drug Target., 1, 29-39.
126. Nishida K.; Tonegawa C.; Nakane S.; Takakura, Y.; Hashida, M. and Sezaki, H. (1990) Effect of electric charge on the hepatic uptake of macromolecules in the rat liver. Int. J. Pharm., 65, 7-17.
127. Nishihata, T.; Rytting, J.H.; Kamada, A. and Higuchi, T. (1981) Enhanced intestinal absorption of insulin in rats in the presence of sodium 5-methoxysalicylate. Diabetes, 30, 1065-1067.
128. Neutra, M.R.; Phillips, T.L.; Mayer, E.L. and Fishkind, D.L. (1987) Transport of membrane-bound macromolecules by M-cells in follicle-associated epithelium of rabbit Peyer's patch. Cell Tissue Res., 247, 537-546.
129. Nook, T.; Doelker, E. and Buri, P. (1988) Intestinal absorption kinetics of various model drugs in relation to partition coefficients. Int. J. Pharm., 43, 119-129.
130. O'Hagan, D.T. (1990) Intestinal translocation of particulates - implications for drug antigen delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 5, 265-285.
131. Oka, K.; Miyamoto, Y.; Matsumura, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Oda, T.; Suzuki, F. and Maeda, H. (1990) Enhanced intestinal absorption of a hydrophobic polymer-conjugated protein drug, smancs, in an oily formulation. Pharm. Res., 1, 852-855.
132. Okada, J.; Cohen, S. and Langer, R. (1995) In vitro evaluation of polymerized liposomes as an oral drug delivery system. Pharm. Res., 12, 576-582.
133. Oppenheim, R.C.; Stewart N.F.; Gordon L. and Pate H.M. (1982) The production and evaluation of orally administered insulin nanoparticles. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 8, 531-546.
134. Owen, R.L. (1977) Sequential uptake of horseradish peroxidase by lymphoid follicle epithelium of Peyer's patches in the normal unobstructed mouse intestine: an ultrastructural study Gastroenterology, 72, 440-451.
135. Pantzar, N.; Lundin, S. and Weström, B.R. (1995) Different properties of the paracellular pathway account for the regional small intestinal permeability to the peptide desmopressin. J Pharm. Sci., 84, 1245-1248.
136. Pappenheimer, J.R. and Reiss, K.Z. (1987) Contribution of solvent drag through intercellular junctions to absorption of nutrients by the small intestine of the rat J. Membr. Biol., 100, 123-136.
137. Patel, D.G.; Ritschel, W.A.; Chalasani, P. and Rao, S. (1991) Biological activity of insulin in microemulsion in mice. J. Pharm. Sci., 80, 613-614.
138. Patel, H.M. (1989) Transcytosis of drug carriers carrying peptides across epithelial barriers. Biochem Soc. Trans. 17, 940-941.
139. Patel, H.M.; Harding, N.G.L.; Logue, F.; Kesson, C.; MacCuish, A.C.; MacKenzie, J.C.; Ryman, B.E. and Scobie, I. (1978) Intrajejunal absorption of liposomally entrapped insulin in normal man. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 6, 784-785.
140. Patel, H M. and Ryman, B.E. (1976) Oral administration of insulin by encapsulation within liposomes. FEBS Lett., 62, 60-63.
141. Patel, H.M.; Stevenson, R.W.; Parsons, J.A. and Ryman, B.E. (1982) Use of liposomes to aid intestinal absorption of entrapped insulin in normal and diabetic dogs. Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 716, 188-193.
142. Patton, J.S. and Platz, R.M. (1992) Pulmonary delivery of peptides and proteins for systemic action. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 8, 179-196.
143. Paulssen, M.M.P. and van Pelt, B.C. (1981) Oral treatment of haemophilia A by factor VIII bound to chylomicra. Lancet, i, 1310.
144. Powell, D.W. (1981) Barrier function of epithelia. Am. J. Physiol., 241, G275-G288.
145. Pusztai, A. (1989) Transport of proteins through the membranes of the adult gastrointestinal tract - a potential for drug delivery? Adv. Drug Del Rev., 3, 215-228.
146. Rao, R.K.; Thornburg, W.; Korc, M.; Matrisian, L.M.; Magun, B.E. and Koldovsky, O. (1986) Processing of epidermal growth factor by suckling and adult rat intestinal cells. Am. J. Physiol., 250, G850-G855.
147. Reddy, I.K. and Banga, A.K. (1993) Biotechnology Drug Delivery: oral vs. Alternative routes. Pharm. Times, Nov, 92-98.
148. Richardson, J.L. and Ilium, L. (1992) The vaginal route of peptide and protein drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 8, 341-366.
149. Rowland, R.N. and Woodley, J.F. (1980) The stability of liposomes in vitro to pH, bile salts and pancreatic lipase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 620, 400-409.
150. Rubinstein, A. and Tiroshm B. (1994) Mucus gel thickness and turnover in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat: response to cholinergic stimulus and implication for mucoadhesion. Pharm. Res., 11, 794-799.
151. Saffran, M.; Kumar, G.S.; Savariar, C.; Burnham, J.C.; Williams, F. and Neckers, D.C. (1986) A new approach to the oral administration of insulin and other peptide drugs. Science, 233, 1081-1084.
152. Sakuragawa, N.; Niwa, M.; Kondo, S-I. and Niiya, K. (1985a) Studies on the oral treatment of hemophilia and related hemorrhagic disorders. Jpn. J. Med., 24, 315.
153. Sakuragawa, N.; Kondo, S-I. and Niiya, K. (1985b) Oral administration of factor VIII concentrate preparation in von Willebrand's disease. Thromb. Res., 38, 681-685.
154. Sanders, L. (1992) Controlled delivery systems for peptides. In Lee, V.H.L. (ed) Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery (Marcel Decker), pp 785-806.
155. Schilling, R.J. and Mitra, A.K. (1990) Intestinal mucosal transport of insulin. Int. J. Pharm., 62, 53-64.
156. Schilling, R.J. and Mitra, A.K. (1992) Pharmacodynamics of insulin following intravenous and enteral administration of porcine-zinc insulin in rats. Pharm. Res., 9, 1003-1009.
157. Schulthess, G. and Hauser, H. (1995) A unique feature of lipid dynamics in small intestinal brush border membrane. Mol. Membr. Biol., 12, 105-112.
158. Shen, W-C.; Wan, J. and Ekrami, H. (1992) Enhancement of polypeptide and protein absorption by macromolecular earners via endocytosis and transcytosis. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 8, 93-113.
159. Shenfield, G.M. and Hill, J.C. (1982) Infrequent response by diabetic rats to insulin liposomes. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 9, 355-361.
160. Shichiri, M.; Kawamori, R.; Yoshida, M.; Etani, W.; Hoshi, M.; Izumi, K.; Shigeta, Y. and Able, H. (1975) Short term treatment of alloxan diabetic rats with intrajejunal administration of water-in-oil-in-water insulin emulsions. Diabetes, 24, 971-976.
161. Shichiri, M.; Shimizu, Y.; Yoshida, M.; Kawamori, R.; Fukuchi, M. Shigeta, Y. and Able, H. (1974) Enterai absorption of water-in-oil-in-water insulin emulsions in rabbits. Diabetologia, 10, 317-321.
162. Simonski, K.; Gonella, P.; Bernanke, J.; Owen, L.; Neutra, M.R. and Murphy, R. A. (1986) Uptake and transepithelial transport of nerve growth factor in suckling rat ileum. J. Cell Biol., 103, 1979-1990.
163. Smith, P.L.; Wall, D.A.; Gochoco, C.H.; Caroline, H. and Wilson, G. (1992) Oral absorption of peptides and proteins. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 8, 253-290.
164. Stahl, P. and Schwartz, A.L. (1986) Receptor-mediated endocytosis. J. Clin. Invest., 77, 657-662.
165. Steiner, S. and Rosen, R. (1990) Delivery systems for pharmacological agents encapsulated with proteinoids. US patent, #4925673.
166. Steinman, R.M.; Mellman, I.S.; Muller, W.A. and Conn, Z.A. (1983) Endocytosis and the recycling of plasma membrane. J. Cell Biol., 96, 1-27.
167. Stratford, Jr. R.E. and Lee, V.H.L. (1985) Aminopeptidase activity in albino rabbit extraocular tissues relative to the small intestine. J. Pharm. Sci., 74, 731-734.
168. Stratford, Jr. R.E. and Lee, V.H.L. (1986) Aminopeptidase activity in homogenates of various absorptive mucosae in the albino rabbit: implications in peptide delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 30, 73-82.
169. Sugiyama, Y. and Kato, Y. (1994) Pharmacokinetic aspects of peptide delivery and targeting: importance of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 20, 591-614.
170. Suttle, A.B. and Brouwer K.L. (1995) Regional gastrointestinal absorption of ranitidine in the rat. Pharm. Res., 12, 1311-1315.
171. Suyama, T.; Yokoyama, K.; Fukushima, T.; Shoji, T. and Naito, R. (1981) A blood coagulation factor VIII formulation for oral administration. Japanese Patent, Application No. Sho 56-127307.
172. Swenson, E.S. and Curatolo, W.J. (1992) Intestinal permeability enhancement for proteins, peptides, and other polar drugs, mechanisms and potential toxicity. Adv. Drug Del. Rev., 8, 39-92.
173. Tabata, Y.; Gutta, S. and Langer, R. (1993) Controlled delivery systems for proteins using polyanhydride microspheres. Pharm. Res., 10, 487-196.
174. Takakura, Y.; Kaneko, Y.; Fujita, R.; Hashida, M.; Maeda, H. and Sezaki, H. (1989) Control of pharmaceutical properties of soybean trypsin inhibitor by conjugation with dextran I: synthesis and characterization. J. Pharm. Sci., 78, 117-121.
175. Taki, K.; Machida, R. and Katayama K. (1983) Elastase-containing composition permitting elastase to be absorbed in increased amount. US patent, #4397951.
176. TenHoor, C.N. and Dressman, J.B. (1992) Oral absorption of peptides and proteins. STP Pharm. Sci., 2, 301-312.
177. Thomson, A.B.R. and Keelan, M. (1986) The development of the small intestine. Can J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 64, 13-29.
178. Thompson, J.F. (1986) Evidence for specific epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors on fetal, suckling, and adult rat intestine. Gastroenterology, 90, 1664.
179. Thornburg, W.; Rao, R.K.; Matrisian, L.M.; Magun, B.E. and Koldovsky, O. (1987) Effect of maturation on gastrointestinal absorption of epidermal growth factor in rats. Am. J. Physiol., 253, G68-G71.
180. Thurnhofer, H.; Lipka, G and Hauser, H. (1991) Membrane proteins exposed on the external side of the intestinal brush-border membrane have fusogenic properties. Eur. J. Biochem., 201, 273-282.
181. Touito, E. and Rubenstein, A. (1986) Targeted enteral delivery of insulin to rats. Int. J. Pharm., 30, 95-99.
182. Touito, E.; Donbrow, M. and Rubenstein, A. (1980) Effective intestinal absorption of insulin in diabetic rats using a new formulation approach. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 32, 108-110.
183. Tranberg, K-G. (1979) Hepatic uptake of insulin in man. Am. J. Physiol., 237, E509-E518.
184. Tsutsumi, Y.; Kihira, T.; Tsunoda, S-I ; Okada, N.; Kaned, Y , Ohsugi, Y.; Miyake, M.; Nakagawa, S. and Mayumi, T. (1995) Polyethylene glycol modification of interleukin-6 enhances its thrombopoietic activity. J. Control. Release, 33, 447-451.
185. Udall, J.N.; Bloch, K.J., Fritze, L. and Walker, W.A. (1981) Bind-ing of exogenous protein fragments to native proteins: possible explanation for the overestimation of uptake of extrinsically labeled macromolecules from the gut. Immunology, 42, 251-257.
186. Van den Mooter, G.; Samyn, C. and Kinget, R (1993) Azo polymers for colon-specific drug delivery. II: Influence of the type of azo polymer on the degradation by intestinal microflora. Int. J. Pharm., 97, 133-139.
187. Verhoef, J.C.; Boddé, H.E.; de Boer, A.G.; Bouwstra, J.A.; Junginger, H.E.; Merkus, F.W.H.M. and Breimer, D.D. (1990) Transport of peptide and protein drugs across biological membranes. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 15, 83-93.
188. Verner, K. and Schatz, G. (1988) Protein translocation across membranes. Science, 241, 1307-1313.
189. Volkheimer, G. (1975) Hematogenous dissemination of ingested polyvinyl chloride particles. NY Acad. Sci., 246, 164-171.
190. Walker, W.A.; Cornell, R.; Davenport, L.M. and Isselbacher, K.J. (1972) Macromolecular absorption - mechanism of horse radish peroxidase uptake and transport in adult and neonatal rat intestine. J. Cell Biol. 54, 195-205.
191. Walter, A. and Gutknecht, J. (1986) Permeability of small nonelectrolytes through lipid bilayer membranes. J. Membr. Biol., 90, 207-217.
192. Warshaw, A.L.; Walker, W.A. and Isselbacher, K.J. (1974) Protein uptake fay the intestine: evidence for absorption of intact macromolecules. Gastroenterology, 66, 987-992.
193. Weiner, A.L. (1989) Liposomes as carriers for polypeptides. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 3, 307-341.
194. Weiner, N. and Chiang, C-M. (1988) Gastrointestinal uptake of liposomes. In Gregoriadis, G. (ed), Liposomes as Drug Carriers, Recent Trends and Progress (John Wiley & Sons), pp 599-607.
195. Welzin, R.; Lucia-Jandris, P.; Michetti, P.; Fields, B.N.; Kraehenbuhl, J.P. and Neutra, M.R. (1989) Binding and transepithelial transport of immunoglobulins by intestinal M cells: Demonstration using monoclonal IgA antibodies against enteric viral proteins. J. Cell Biol., 108, 1673-1685.
196. Weingarten, C.; Moufti, A.; Desjeux, J.F.; Luong, T.T.; Durand, G. Divissaguet, J.P. and Puissieux, F. (1981) Oral ingestion of insulin liposomes: effects of the administration route. Life Sci., 28, 2747-2752.
197. Yamamoto, A.; Hayakawa, E. and Lee, V.H.L. (1990) Insulin and proinsulin proteolysis in mucosal homogenates of the albino rabbit: implications in peptide delivery from nonoral routes. Life Sci., 47, 2465-2474.
198. Yamamoto, A.; Taniguchi, T.; Rikyuu, K.; Tsuji, T.; Fujita, T. Murakami, M. and Muranishi, S. (1994) Effects of various protease inhibitors on the intestinal absorption and degradation of insulin in rats. Pharm. Res., 11, 1496-1500.
199. Yeagle, P.L. 1989 Lipid regulation of cell membrane structure and function. FASEB J. 3, 1833-1842.
200. Zhou, X.H. and Po, A.L.W. (1991) Peptide and protein drugs: II. non-parenteral routes of delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 75, 117-130.
201. Ziv, E.; Kidron, M.; Raz, I.; Krausz, M.; Blatt, Y.; Rotman, A. and Bar-On, H. (1994) Oral administration of insulin in solid form to nondiabetic and diabetic dogs. J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 792-794.
202. Ziv, E.; Lior, O and Kidron, M. (1987) Absorption of protein via the intestinal wall, a quantitative model. Biochim. Pharmacol., 36, 1035-1039.