The parameterization of shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes for use in zonally averaged climate models

Journal of Climate

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 439-454

  Bintanja, Richard ^a,b  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b ROYAL NETHERLANDS METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE KNMI   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODEL; ENERGY BALANCE MODEL; LONGWAVE RADIATIVE FLUX; RADIATIVE FLUX PARAMETERS; RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELLING; SHORTWAVE RADIATIVE FLUX; ZONALLY AVERAGED CLIMATE MODELLING;

EID: 0029729278     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0439:TPOSAL>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ardanuy, P. E., L. L. Stowe, A. Gruber, and M. Weiss, 1991: Shortwave, longwave and net cloud-radiative forcing as determined from Nimbus 7 observations. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18537-18549.
2. Boer, G. J., N. A. McFarlane, R. Lapr, J. Henderson, and J. P. Blanchet, 1984: The Canadian Climate Centre spectral atmospheric circulation model. Atmos.-Ocean, 22, 397-429.
3. Campbell, G. G., and T. H. Vonder Haar, 1980: Climatology of radiation budget measurements from satellites. Atmos. Sci. Paper No. 323, Dept. Atmos. Sci., Colorado State University, 74 pp.
4. Ellingson, R. G., J. Ellis, and S. Fels, 1991: The intercomparison of radiation codes used in climate models: Longwave results. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8929-8953.
5. Fortuin, J. P. F., 1992: The surface mass balance and temperature of Antarctica. Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University, 106 pp.
6. _, and J. Oerlemans, 1992: An atmospheric model for simulating the mass balance and temperature on the Antarctic ice sheet. Z. Gletscherkd. Glazialgeol, 26, 31-56.
7. Fouquart, Y., B. Bonnel, and V. Ramaswamy, 1991: Intercomparing shortwave radiation codes for climate studies. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8955-8968.
8. Harrison, E. F., P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, V. Ramanathan, R. D. Cess, and G. G. Gibson, 1990: Seasonal variation of cloud radiative forcing derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18687-18703.
9. Harshvardhan, D. A. Randall, T. G. Corsetti, and D. A. Dazlich, 1989: Earth radiation budget and cloudiness simulations with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1922-1942.
10. Hartmann, D. L., V. Ramanathan, A. Berroir, and G. E. Hunt, 1986: Earth radiation budget data and climate research. Rev. Geophys., 24, 439-468.
11. Harvey, L. D. D., 1988: A semianalytic energy balance climate model with explicit sea ice and snow physics. J. Climate, 1, 1065-1085.
12. Iqbal, M., 1983: An Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic Press, 390 pp.
13. Li, Z., H. G. Leighton, K. Mazuda, and T. Takashima, 1993: Estimation of SW flux absorbed at the surface from TOA reflected flux. J. Climate, 6, 317-330.
14. McClatchey, R. A., R. W. Fenn, J. E. Selby, F. E. Volts, and J. S. Garing, 1971: Optical properties of the atmosphere. 3d ed., Rep. AFCRL-71-0279, Air Force Cambridge Res. Lab., Bedford, MA, 85 pp.
15. Meyers, T. P., and R. F. Dale, 1983: Predicting daily insolation with hourly cloud height and coverage. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 537-545.
16. Nemesure, S., R. D. Cess, E. G. Dutton, J. J DeLuisi, Z. Li, and H. G. Leighton, 1994: Impact of clouds on the shortwave radiation budget of the surface-atmosphere system for snow-covered surfaces. J. Climate, 7, 579-585.
17. North, G. R., R. F. Calahan, and J. A. Coakley Jr., 1981: Energy balance climate models. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 19, 91-121.
18. Oerlemans, J., and H. M. van den Dool, 1978: Energy balance climate models: Stability experiments with a refined albedo and updated coefficients for infrared emission. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 371-381.
19. Ou, S. C., K. N. Liou, and W. J. Liou, 1989: The seasonal cycle of the global zonally averaged energy balance. Theor. Appl. Climatol, 40, 9-23.
20. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate. American Institute of Physics, 520 pp.
21. Ramanathan, V., 1977: Interactions between ice-albedo, lapse-rate and cloud-top feedbacks: An analysis of the nonlinear response of a GCM climate model. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1885-1897.
22. _, 1987: The role of earth radiation budget studies in climate and general circulation research. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4075-4095.
23. Raval, A., A. H. Oort, and V. Ramaswamy, 1994: Observed dependence of outgoing longwave radiation on sea surface temperature and moisture. J. Climate, 7, 807-821.
24. Robock, A., 1980: The seasonal cycle of snow cover, sea ice and surface albedo. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 267-285.
25. Sasamori, T., 1968: The radiative cooling calculation for application to general circulation experiments. J. Appl. Meteor., 7, 721-729.
26. Sellers, W. D., 1969: Physical Climatology. University of Chicago Press, 272 pp.
27. Shine, K. P., R. G. Derwent, D. J. Wuebbles, and J.-J. Morcrette, 1990: Radiative forcing of climate. Climate Change-The IPCC Scientific Assessment, J. T. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 41-68.
28. Simmonds, I., and C. Chidzey, 1982: The parameterization of long wave flux in energy balance climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2144-2151.
29. Slingo, A., and H. M. Schrecker, 1982: On the shortwave radiative properties of stratiform water clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 407-426.
30. Staley, D. O., and G. M. Jurica, 1970: Flux emissivity tables for water vapor, carbon dioxide and ozone. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 365-372.
31. Stephens, G. L., 1984: The parameterization of radiation for numerical weather prediction and climate models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 826-867.
32. _, G. G. Campbell, and T. H. Vonder Haar, 1981: Earth radiation budgets. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9739-9760.
33. Thompson, S. L., and S. G. Warren, 1982: Parameterization of outgoing infrared radiation derived from detailed radiative calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2667-2680.
34. Walraven, R., 1978: Calculating the position of the sun. Sol. Energy, 20, 393-397.
35. Warren, S. G., and S. H. Schneider, 1979: Seasonal simulations as a test for uncertainties in the parameterizations of a Budyko-Sellers zonal climate model. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1377-1391.
36. _, and S. L. Thompson, 1983: The climatological minimum in tropical outgoing infrared radiation: Contributions of humidity and clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 109, 169-185.
37. _, C. J. Hahn, J. London, R. M. Chervin, and R. L. Jenne, 1986: Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over land. NCAR Tech. Note TN-273+STR, 29 pp.
38. _, _, _, _, and _, 1988: Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean. NCAR Tech. Note TN-317+STR, 41 pp.
39. Wiscombe, W. J., and S. G. Warren, 1980: A model for the spectral albedo of snow. Part I: Pure snow. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2712-2733.
40. Wu, M.-L., and J. Susskind, 1990: Outgoing longwave radiation computed from HIRS2/MSU soundings. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7579-7602.