Design and synthesis of ferroelectric liquid crystals. 22. Side-by-side dimers for nonlinear optics

Ferroelectrics

Volumn 179, Issue 1-4, 1996, Pages 211-220

  Walba, David M ^a   Dyer, Daniel J ^a   Cobben, Peter L ^a,b   Sierra, Teresa ^a,c   Rego, James A ^a   Liberko, Charles A ^a,d   Shao, Renfan ^a   Clark, Noel A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b PHILIPS RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (Netherlands)

^c CSIC   (Spain)

^d GRINNELL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES; FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS; INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; MODULATORS; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NONLINEAR OPTICS; SEMICONDUCTING SILICON; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; THIN FILMS;

CHROMOPHORE; FERROELECTRIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; INTEGRATED ELECTROOPTIC MODULATORS; POLAR STEREOCONTROL; SIDE BY SIDE DIMERS; SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE;

LIQUID CRYSTALS;

EID: 0029699735     PISSN: 00150193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00150199608007888     Document Type: Article

References (58)

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46. Intersting examples include: (a) C. Fouquey, J. M. Lehn and J. Malthete, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1424-6 (1987). (b) P. Berdagué, J. P. Bayle, M.-S. Ho and B. M. Fung, Liq. Cryst., 14, 667-674 (1993). (c) T. Ikeda, T. Sasaki and K. Ichimura, Nature, 361, 428-430 (1993). (d) T. Sasaki, T. Ikeda and K. Ichimura, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 625-628 (1994).
47. Intersting examples include: (a) C. Fouquey, J. M. Lehn and J. Malthete, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1424-6 (1987). (b) P. Berdagué, J. P. Bayle, M.-S. Ho and B. M. Fung, Liq. Cryst., 14, 667-674 (1993). (c) T. Ikeda, T. Sasaki and K. Ichimura, Nature, 361, 428-430 (1993). (d) T. Sasaki, T. Ikeda and K. Ichimura, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 625-628 (1994).
48. Intersting examples include: (a) C. Fouquey, J. M. Lehn and J. Malthete, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1424-6 (1987). (b) P. Berdagué, J. P. Bayle, M.-S. Ho and B. M. Fung, Liq. Cryst., 14, 667-674 (1993). (c) T. Ikeda, T. Sasaki and K. Ichimura, Nature, 361, 428-430 (1993). (d) T. Sasaki, T. Ikeda and K. Ichimura, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 625-628 (1994).
49. Some examples of nematic LC dopants with "negative dichroism", wherein dye units orient at a large angle relative to the LC director upon dissolution in an LC host, have been reported: (a) A. V. Ivashchenko, O. S. Petrova and V. V. Titov, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 108, 51-60 (1984). (b) V. G. Rumyantsev, A. V. Ivashchenko, V. M. Muratov, V. T. Lazareva, E. K. Prudnikova and L. M. Blinov, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 94, 205-212 (1983). In these cases, however, doping densities of only about 2% by weight were achievable due to insolubility of the dopants.
50. Some examples of nematic LC dopants with "negative dichroism", wherein dye units orient at a large angle relative to the LC director upon dissolution in an LC host, have been reported: (a) A. V. Ivashchenko, O. S. Petrova and V. V. Titov, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 108, 51-60 (1984). (b) V. G. Rumyantsev, A. V. Ivashchenko, V. M. Muratov, V. T. Lazareva, E. K. Prudnikova and L. M. Blinov, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 94, 205-212 (1983). In these cases, however, doping densities of only about 2% by weight were achievable due to insolubility of the dopants.
51. Several approaches to obtaining polar LCs other than the chiral smectic C are under active investigation. These include achiral discotics: (a) A. G. Serrette and T. M. Swager, Angew. Chem., 106, 2378-80 (1994). (b) A. G. Serrette and T. M. Swager, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 8879-80 (1993). (c) H. Zheng, P. J. Carroll and T. M. Swager, Liq. Cryst., 14, 1421-9 (1993);
52. Several approaches to obtaining polar LCs other than the chiral smectic C are under active investigation. These include achiral discotics: (a) A. G. Serrette and T. M. Swager, Angew. Chem., 106, 2378-80 (1994). (b) A. G. Serrette and T. M. Swager, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 8879-80 (1993). (c) H. Zheng, P. J. Carroll and T. M. Swager, Liq. Cryst., 14, 1421-9 (1993);
53. Several approaches to obtaining polar LCs other than the chiral smectic C are under active investigation. These include achiral discotics: (a) A. G. Serrette and T. M. Swager, Angew. Chem., 106, 2378-80 (1994). (b) A. G. Serrette and T. M. Swager, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 8879-80 (1993). (c) H. Zheng, P. J. Carroll and T. M. Swager, Liq. Cryst., 14, 1421-9 (1993);
54. and achiral smectic A LCs, where the polar axis is along the LC director: (d) R. G. Petschek and K. M. Wiefling, Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 343-6 (1987). (e) F. Tournilhac and J. Simon, Ferroelectrics, 114, 283-7 (1991). (f) F. G. Tournilhac, L. Bosio, J. Simon, L. M. Blinov and S. V. Yablonsky, Liq. Cryst., 14, 405-14 (1993).
55. and achiral smectic A LCs, where the polar axis is along the LC director: (d) R. G. Petschek and K. M. Wiefling, Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 343-6 (1987). (e) F. Tournilhac and J. Simon, Ferroelectrics, 114, 283-7 (1991). (f) F. G. Tournilhac, L. Bosio, J. Simon, L. M. Blinov and S. V. Yablonsky, Liq. Cryst., 14, 405-14 (1993).
56. and achiral smectic A LCs, where the polar axis is along the LC director: (d) R. G. Petschek and K. M. Wiefling, Phys. Rev. Lett., 52, 343-6 (1987). (e) F. Tournilhac and J. Simon, Ferroelectrics, 114, 283-7 (1991). (f) F. G. Tournilhac, L. Bosio, J. Simon, L. M. Blinov and S. V. Yablonsky, Liq. Cryst., 14, 405-14 (1993).
57. Indeed, mesogenic side-by-side dimer structures are known in the FLC metallomesogen literature. For example, see: M. J. Baena, J. Barbereá, P. Espinet, A. Ezcurra, M. B. Ros and J. L. Serrano, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116. 1899-1906 (1994).
58. At this point it is not clear why the dimethylamino grouping behaves in such a different manner than a nitro group with regard to the "steric coupling" giving rise to polar orientation of aryl rings in FLCs. This matter is under investigation using the Computerized Boulder Model under development in these laboratories (see ref. 16).