Rational prescribing of antibacterials in ambulatory children

PharmacoEconomics

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 552-574

  Hoppe, Jörg E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFACLOR; CEFADROXIL; CEFALEXIN; CEFETAMET PIVOXIL; CEFIXIME; CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL; CEFPROZIL; CEFTIBUTEN; CEFUROXIME AXETIL; CEPHALOSPORIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLAVULANIC ACID; ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATE; ERYTHROMYCIN ETHYLSUCCINATE; LORACARBEF; MACROLIDE; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PENICILLIN V; PROPICILLIN; ROXITHROMYCIN;

AMBULATORY CARE; CHILD; HUMAN; INFECTION; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PEDIATRICS; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0029681173     PISSN: 11707690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00019053-199610060-00004     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. Gadomski AM. Potential interventions for preventing pneumonia among young children: lack of effect of antibiotic-treatment for upper respiratory infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 115-20
2. Klugman KP. Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990; 3: 171-96
3. Kaplan EL. The rapid identification of group A beta-hemolytic streplococci in the upper respiratory tract. Pediatr Clin North Am 1988; 35: 535-42
4. Harrison CJ. Rational selection of antimicrobials for pediatric upper respiratory infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: S29-36
5. Boguniewicz M, Leung DYM. Hypersensitivity reactions to antibiotics commonly used in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 221-31
6. McCracken GH. Choosing among the orally administered antibiotics. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6: 593-7
7. Berger SA, Huminer D, Sinai Y, et al. Antibiotics: where are the oldies? Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6: 1055-6
8. Harrison CJ. Perspectives on newer oral antimicrobials: what do they add? Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 436-44
9. Louie TJ. Intravenous to oral stepdown antibiotic therapy: another cost-effective strategy in an era of shrinking health care dollars. Can J Infect Dis 1994; 5 Suppl. C: 45C-50C
10. Klein JO. Otitis media. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 823-33
11. Landholt TF, Kotschwar TR. A pharmacoeconomic comparison of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of acute otitis media. Clin Ther 1994; 16: 327-33
12. Shope JT. Medication compliance. Pediatr Clin North Am 1981; 28: 5-21
13. Hussar DA. Importance of patient compliance in effective antimicrobial therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987; 6: 971-5
14. Greenberg RN. Overview of patient compliance with medication dosing: a literature review. Clin Ther 1984; 6: 592-9
15. Sanson-Fisher R, Bowman J, Armstrong S. Factors affecting nonadherence with antibiotics. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 15 Suppl. 4: 103S-9S
16. Hefelfinger DC. Cefixime therapy for otitis media [letter]. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 703-4
17. Ruff ME, Schotik DA, Bass JW, et al. Antimicrobial drug suspensions: a blind comparison of taste of fourteen common pediatric drugs. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10: 30-3
18. Deniers DM, Schotik D, Bass JW. Antimicrobial drug suspensions: a blinded comparison of taste of twelve common pediatric drugs including cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefprozil and loracarbef. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 87-9
19. Hoppe JE. Geschmacksvergleich von Makrolid- und Cephalosporin-Säften. Kinderarzt 1994; 25: 1300-6
20. Hoppe JE. Geschmacksvergleich von fünf Penicillinsäften und Cotrimoxazol, Ceftibuten, Loracarbef und Azithromycin. Kinderarzt 1995; 26: 1134-9
21. Sunakawa K, Akita H, Iwata S, et al. Rational use of oral antibiotics in pediatric infections. Infection 1995; 23 Suppl. 2: S74-8
22. Dagan R, Shvartzman P, Liss Z. Variation in acceptance of common antibiotic suspensions. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 686-90
23. Sher TH. Penicillin hypersensitivity - a review. Pediatr Clin North Am 1983; 30: 161-76
24. McCracken GH. Comparative evaluation of the amino-penicillins for oral use. Pediatr Infect Dis 1983; 2: 317-20
25. Friedel HA, Campoli-Richards DM, Goa KL. Sultamicillin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 1989; 37: 491-522
26. Lieberman JM, Stutman HR. Advances in pediatric antibiotic therapy. In: Engelhard D, Marks MI, Branski D, editors. Pediatric infectious diseases. Vol. 4. Basel: Karger, 1993: 1-14
27. Doern GV, Brueggemann A, Holley HP, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumonia? recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: results of a 30-center national surveillance study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 1208-13
28. Disney FA, Breese BB, Francis AB, et al. The use of cefaclor in the treatment of beta-haemolytic streptococcal throat infections in children. Postgrad Med J 1979; 55 Suppl. 4: 50-2
29. Tarpay M, Marks MI, Hopkins C, et al. Cefaclor therapy twice daily for acute otitis media. Am J Dis Child 1982; 136: 33-5
30. Ginsburg CM, McCracken GH, Petruska M. Once-daily cefadroxil versus twice-daily cefaclor for treatment of acute urinary tract infections in children. J Antimicrob Chemother 1982; 10: 53-6
31. Brogden RN, McTavish D. Loracarbef: a review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1993; 45: 716-36
32. Thornsberry C. Review of the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14 Suppl. 2: S189-94
33. Barriere SL. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of cefprozil. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14 Suppl. 2: S184-8
34. Brogden RN, Campoli-Richards DM. Cefixime: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1989; 38: 524-50
35. Wise R. Oral cephalosporins. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 29: 91-2
36. Frampton JE, Brogden RN, Langtry HD, et al. Cefpodoxime proxetil: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1992; 44: 889-917
37. Wiseman LR, Balfour JA. Ceftibuten: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. Drugs 1994; 47: 784-808
38. Bryson HM, Brogden RN. Cefetamet pivoxil: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. Drugs 1993; 45: 589-621
39. Brittain DC. Erythromycin. Med Clin North Am 1987; 71: 1147-54
40. Ginsburg CM. Pharmacology of erythromycin in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5: 124-9
41. Croteau D, Bergeron MG, LeBel M. Pharmacokinetic advantages of erythromycin estolate over ethylsuccinate as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988; 32: 561-5
42. Goldfarh J. New antimicrobial agents. Pediatr Clin North Am 1995; 42: 717-35
43. Kayser FH, Morenzoni G, Santanam P. The second European collaborative study on the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9: 810-7
44. Preston DA. Microbiological aspects of erythromycin. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5: 120-3
45. Eichenwald HF. Adverse reactions to erythromycin. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5: 147-50
46. Bahal N, Nahata MC. The new macrolide antibiotics: azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, and roxithromycin. Ann Pharmacother 1992; 26: 46-55
47. Neu HC. The development of macrolides: clarithromycin in perspective. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991; 27 Suppl. A: 1-9
48. Young RA, Gonzalez JP, Sorkin EM. Roxithromycin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. Drugs 1989; 37: 8-43
49. Wise R. The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1994; 5: 329-40
50. Bergan T, editor. Short-course therapy: improved patient compliance and therapeutic benefit. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1992; 83: 5-45
51. LeFrock JL, Molavi A, Prince RA. Clindamycin. Pediatr Clin North Am 1982; 66: 103-20
52. Zwiener RJ, Belknap WM, Quan R. Severe pseudomembranous enterocolitis in a child: case report and literature review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8: 876-82
53. Cunha BA, Sibley CM, Ristuccia AM. Doxycycline. Ther Drug Monit 1982; 4: 115-35
54. Abramson JS, Givner LB. Should tetracycline be contraindicated for therapy of presumed Rocky Mountain spotted fever in children less than 9 years of age? Pediatrics 1990; 86: 123-4
55. Schaad UB. Role of the new quinolones in pediatric practice. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11: 1043-6
56. Bass JW. Antibiotic management of group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10: S43-9
57. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, et al. Treatment of acute streplococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 758-64
58. Peter G. Streptococcal pharyngitis: current therapy and criteria for evaluation of new agents. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14 Suppl. 2: 218-23
59. Pichichero ME. Explanations and therapies for penicillin failure in streptococcal pharyngitis. Clin Pediatr 1992; 31: 42-9
60. Shulman ST, Gerber MA, Tanz RR, et al. Streptococcal pharyngitis: the case for penicillin therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 1-7
61. Holm SE. Reasons for failures in penicillin treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis and possible alternatives. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: S66-9
62. Kaplan EL. Benzathine penicillin G for treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a reappraisal in 1985. Pediatr Infect Dis 1985; 4: 592-6
63. Feldman S, Bisno AL, Lott L, et al. Efficacy of benzathine penicillin G in group A streptotoccal pharyngitis: reevaluation. J Pediatr 1987; 110: 783-7
64. Klein JO. Management of streptococcal pharyngitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 572-5
65. Gerber MA, Randolph MF, De Meo K, et al. Failure of once-daily penicillin V therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis. Am J Dis Child 1989; 143: 153-5
66. Markowitz M, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL. Treatment of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis: reports of penicillin's demise are premature. J Pediatr 1993; 123: 679-85
67. Kaufhold A, Pharyngitis Study Group. Randomized evaluation of benzathine penicillin V twice daily versus potassium penicillin V three times daily in the treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14: 92-8
68. Pichichero ML. Cephalosporins are superior to penicillin for treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngilis: is the difference worth it? Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 268-74
69. Stewart A, Phillips R. Antibiotic treatment for paediatric streptococcal pharyngitis: estimation of costs in general practice. Br J Med Econ 1994; 7: 123-6
70. Pichichero ME, Margolis PA. A comparison of cephalosporins and penicillins in the treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: a meta-analysis supporting the concept of microbial copathogenicity. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991; 10: 275-81
71. Hoppe JE, Hahn H, Niethammer D. Umfrage bei niedergelassenen Kinderärzten zur Antibiotika-Behandlung bakterieller Infektionen im Kindesaller. I. Angina tonsillaris, akute Otitis media. Kinderarzt 1994; 25: 639-43
72. Sagraves R, Maish W. Therapy of acute otitis media. Pharmacoeconomics 1994; 6: 202-14
73. Ruuskanen O, Heikkinen T. Otitis media: etiology and diagnosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: S23-6
74. Berman S. Otitis media in children. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1560-5
75. Thoene DE, Johnson CE. Pharmacotherapy of otitis media. Pharmacother 1991; 11: 212-21
76. Barnett ED, Klein JO. The problem of resistant bacteria for the management of acute otitis media. Pedialr Clin North Am 1995; 42: 509-17
77. Paradise JL. Managing otitis media: a time for change. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 712-5
78. Pichichero ME. Assessing the treatment alternatives for acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: S27-34
79. Poole MD. Otitis media complications and treatment failures: implications of pneumococcal resistance. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14: S23-6
80. Lisby-Sutch SM, Nemec-Dwyer MA, Deeter RG, et al. Therapy of otitis media. Clin Pharm 1990; 9: 15-34
81. McCracken GH. Considerations in selecting an antibiotic for treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 1054-7
82. Rosenfeld RM, Vertrees JE, Carr J, et al. Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial drugs tor acute otitis media: meta-analysis of 5400 children from thirty-three randomized trials. J Pediatr 1994; 124: 355-67
83. Paradise JL. Treatment guidelines for otitis media: the need for breadth and flexibility. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 429-35
84. Bluestone CD. Current therapy for otitis media and criteria for evaluation of new antimicrobial agents. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14 Suppl. 2: S197-203
85. Klein JO. Microbiologic efficacy of antibacterial drugs for acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 973-5
86. Principi N, Marchisio P, Bigalli L, et al. Amoxicillin twice daily in the treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children. Eur J Pediatr 1986; 145: 522-5
87. Bass JW, Steele RW, Wiebe RA, et al. Erythromycin concentrations in middle ear exudates. Pediatrics 1971; 48: 417-22
88. Bluestone CD. Review of cefixime in the treatment of otitis media in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993; 12: 75-82
89. Green SM, Rothrock SG. Single-dose intramuscular ceftriaxone for acute otitis media. Pediatrics 1993; 91: 23-30
90. Chamberlain JM, Boenning DA, Waisman Y, et al. Single-dose ceftriaxone versus 10 days of cefactor for otitis media. Clin Pediatr 1994; 33: 642-6
91. Hoppe JE, Köster S, Bootz F, et al. Acute mastoiditis - relevant once again. Infection 1994; 22: 178-82
92. Giebink GS. Childhood sinusitis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: S55-8
93. Wald ER. Sinusitis in children. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 319-23
94. Wald ER. Acute sinusitis in children. Adv Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 1988; 2: 165-88
95. Evans HE, Turcios NE. Infections of the lower respiratory tract in infancy and early childhood. In: Pennington JE, editor. Respiratory infections: diagnosis and management. New York: Raven Press, 1994: 229-55
96. Dagan R. Antibiotic treatment of pediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections: challenges and possible solutions. Respiration 1993; 60 Suppl. 1: 38-44
97. Pneumonia in childhood. Lancet 1988; 1: 741-3
98. Teele D. Pneumonia: antimicrobial therapy for infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis 1985; 4: 330-5
99. Long SS. Treatment of acute pneumonia in infants and children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1983; 30: 297-321
100. Wald ER. Acute pneumonia of unknown etiology. In: Kaplan SL, editor. Current therapy in pediatric infectious disease. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1993: 57-9
101. Grayston JT. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13: 675-85
102. Broughton RA. Infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5: 71-85
103. Hoppe JE, Hahn H, Niethammer D. Umfrage bei niedergelassenen Kinderärzten zur Antibiotika-Behandlung bakterieller Infektionen im Kindesalter. II. Pneumonie, Erysipel, Harnwegsinfekte. Kinderarzt 1995; 26: 786-91
104. Cherry JD, Brunell PA, Golden GS, et al. Report of the task force on pertussis and pertussis immunization - 1988. Pediatrics 1988; 81: 939-84
105. Bass JW. Erythromycin for treatment and prevention of pertussis. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986; 5: 154-7
106. Lewis K, Saubolle MA, Tenover FC, et al. Pertussis caused by an erythromycin-resistant strain of Bordetella pertussis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14: 388-91
107. Hoppe JE, Erythromycin Study Group. Comparison of erythromycin estolate and erythromycin ethylsuccinate for treatment of pertussis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992; 11: 189-93
108. Hoppe JE, Haug A. Treatment and prevention of pertussis by antimicrobial agents. Infection 1988; 16: 148-52
109. Bergquist SO, Bernander S, Dahnsjö H, et al. Erythromycin in the treatment of pertussis: a study of bacteriologic and clinical effects. Pediatr Infect Dis 1987; 6: 458-61
110. Hoppe JE, Eichhorn A. Activity of new macrolides against Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8: 653-4
111. Hoppe JE, Halm U, Hagedorn HJ, et al. Comparison of erythromycin ethylsuccinate and cotrimoxazole for treatment of pertussis. Infection 1989; 17: 227-31
112. Weber K, Pfister HW. Clinical management of Lyme borreliosis. Lancet 1994; 343: 1017-20
113. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Treatment of Lyme borreliosis. Pediatrics 1991; 88: 176-9
114. Shapiro ED, Lyme disease. In: Kaplan SL, editor. Current therapy in pediatric infectious disease. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1993: 217-9
115. Wormser GP. Controversies in the use of antimicrobials for the prevention and treatment of Lyme disease. Infection 1996; 24: 178-81
116. Strle F, Preac-Mursic V, Cimperman J, et al. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for treatment of erythema migrans: clinical and microbiological findings. Infection 1993; 21: 83-8
117. Weber K, Wilske B, Preac-Mursic V, et al. Azithromycin versus penicillin V for the treatment of early Lyme borreliosis. Infection 1993; 21: 367-72
118. Nadelman RB, Luger SW, Frank E, et al. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in the treatment of early Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 273-80
119. Luger SW, Paparone P, Wormser GP, et al. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in treatment of patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39: 661-7
120. Dattwyler RJ, Grunwaldt, Luft BJ. Clarithromycin in treatment of early Lyme disease: a pilot study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 468-9
121. Weber K, Preac-Mursic V, Wilske B, et al. A randomized trial of ceftriaxone versus oral penicillin for the treatment of early European Lyme borreliosis. Infection 1990; 18: 91-6
122. Leung AKC, Robson WLM. Urinary tract infection in infancy and childhood. Adv Pediatr 1991; 38: 257-81
123. Sherbotie JR, Cornfeld D. Management of urinary tract infections in children. Med Clin North Am 1991; 75: 327-38
124. McCracken GH. Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8: 52-5
125. Brogden RN, Carmine AA, Heel RC, et al. Trimethoprim: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in urinary tract infection. Drugs 1982; 23: 4115-30
126. Neu HC. Trimethoprim alone for treatment of urinary tract infection. Rev Infect Dis 1982; 4: 366-71
127. White RHR. Management of urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 421-7
128. Verrier Jones K. Antimicrobial treatment for urinary tract infection. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65: 327-30
129. Hoppu K. Trimethoprim in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections in children. Clin Pharm Ther Tox 1988; 26: 56-9
130. Heikkilä E, Sundström L, Huovinen P. Trimethoprim resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from a geriatric unit. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34: 2013-5
131. Amyes SGB, Doherty CJ, Young HK. High-level trimethoprim resistance in urinary bacteria. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1986; 5: 287-91
132. Coraggio MJ, Gross TP, Roscelli JD. Nitrofurantoin toxicity in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989; 8: 163-6
133. Vigano A, Principi N, Brivio L, et al. Comparison of S milligrams of netilmicin per kilogram of body weight once daily versus 2 milligrams per kilogram thrice daily for treatment of Gram-negative pyelonephritis in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 1499-503
134. Moffatt M, Embree J, Grimm P, et al. Short-course antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections in children. Am J Dis Child 1988; 142: 57-61
135. Bailey RR. What evidence is there for the use of single-dose therapy for urinary cract infections in children? Infection 1994; 22 Suppl. 1: S14-5
136. Durbin WA, Peter G. Management of urinary tract infections in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis 1985; 3: 564-74