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1
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38249006240
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Nitrogen generation by pressure swing adsorption based on carbon molecular sieves
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Compressed air (at about 8 bar) is fed to a vessel that is filled with an adsorbent that selectively sorbs oxygen. A nitrogen rich product is produced. When the adsorbent becomes saturated with oxygen, the feed is stopped and the oxygen is removed by reducing the pressure in the vessel to atmospheric pressure. After oxygen desorbs, air is again passed through the vessel to give a nitrogen rich product. This cycling from feed pressure to ambient pressure is referred to as pressure swing adsorption (PSA). In practice two adsorber vessels are used. One vessel is fed air while the other vessel is being regenerated. The feed is diverted back and forth between beds to produce a constant flow of nitrogen product. of special interest
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Schulte-Schulze-Berndt A, Krabiell K. Nitrogen generation by pressure swing adsorption based on carbon molecular sieves. Gas Sep Purification. 7:(4):1993;253-257. Compressed air (at about 8 bar) is fed to a vessel that is filled with an adsorbent that selectively sorbs oxygen. A nitrogen rich product is produced. When the adsorbent becomes saturated with oxygen, the feed is stopped and the oxygen is removed by reducing the pressure in the vessel to atmospheric pressure. After oxygen desorbs, air is again passed through the vessel to give a nitrogen rich product. This cycling from feed pressure to ambient pressure is referred to as pressure swing adsorption (PSA). In practice two adsorber vessels are used. One vessel is fed air while the other vessel is being regenerated. The feed is diverted back and forth between beds to produce a constant flow of nitrogen product. of special interest.
-
(1993)
Gas Sep Purification
, vol.7
, Issue.4
, pp. 253-257
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Schulte-Schulze-Berndt, A.1
Krabiell, K.2
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2
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0005494738
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Status and development of oxygen generation processes on molecular sieve zeolites
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Air is passed through a vessel that is filled with an adsorbent that selectively sorbs nitrogen. An oxygen rich product is produced. When the adsorbent becomes saturated with nitrogen, the feed is stopped and the nitrogen is removed by pulling a vacuum on the vessel. After removal of nitrogen, air is again passed through the vessel to give an oxygen rich product. This cycling from feed pressure to vacuum is referred to as vacuum swing adsorption (VSA). In practice multiple beads are used and the feed is diverted back and forth between beds to produce a constant flow of oxygen product. of special interest
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Reiss G. Status and development of oxygen generation processes on molecular sieve zeolites. Gas Sep Purification. 8:(2):1994;95-99. Air is passed through a vessel that is filled with an adsorbent that selectively sorbs nitrogen. An oxygen rich product is produced. When the adsorbent becomes saturated with nitrogen, the feed is stopped and the nitrogen is removed by pulling a vacuum on the vessel. After removal of nitrogen, air is again passed through the vessel to give an oxygen rich product. This cycling from feed pressure to vacuum is referred to as vacuum swing adsorption (VSA). In practice multiple beads are used and the feed is diverted back and forth between beds to produce a constant flow of oxygen product. of special interest.
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(1994)
Gas Sep Purification
, vol.8
, Issue.2
, pp. 95-99
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Reiss, G.1
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4
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0040834223
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Molecular Sieves for Air Separation
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L.V. Interrante, L.A. Casper, Ellis A.B. Washington: American Chemical Society. This review contains an excellent succinct summary of the methods used to prepare carbon molecular sieve air separation adsorbents. of outstanding interest
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Armor JN. Molecular Sieves for Air Separation. Interrante LV, Casper LA, Ellis AB. Materials Chemistry An Emerging Discipline. 1995;312-334 American Chemical Society, Washington. This review contains an excellent succinct summary of the methods used to prepare carbon molecular sieve air separation adsorbents. of outstanding interest.
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(1995)
Materials Chemistry An Emerging Discipline
, pp. 312-334
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Armor, J.N.1
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5
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0002383925
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Carbon molecular sieves for air separation
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Vansant E.F. Amsterdam: Elsevier. This article compiles a large body of information on manufacturing methods and physical properties of CMS adsorbents. Much of the information is from the patent literature. of special interest
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Armor JN. Carbon molecular sieves for air separation. Vansant EF. Process Technology Proceedings, 11, Separation Technology. 1994;163-199 Elsevier, Amsterdam. This article compiles a large body of information on manufacturing methods and physical properties of CMS adsorbents. Much of the information is from the patent literature. of special interest.
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(1994)
Process Technology Proceedings, 11, Separation Technology
, pp. 163-199
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Armor, J.N.1
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6
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0040403366
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Preparation of Carbon Molecular Sieve Air Separation Adsorbents from Microporous Carbon via Hydrocarbon Cracking
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Vansant E.F. Amsterdam: Elsevier. This article illustrates that adsoprtion rate and selectivity can be controlled, but not independently, by controlling the pyrolysis conditions used to prepare CMS adsorbents. of outstanding interest
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Gaffney TR, Braymer TA, Farris TS, Cabrera AL, Coe CG, Armor JN. Preparation of Carbon Molecular Sieve Air Separation Adsorbents from Microporous Carbon via Hydrocarbon Cracking. Vansant EF. Process Technology Proceedings, 11, Separation Technology. 1994;317-328 Elsevier, Amsterdam. This article illustrates that adsoprtion rate and selectivity can be controlled, but not independently, by controlling the pyrolysis conditions used to prepare CMS adsorbents. of outstanding interest.
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(1994)
Process Technology Proceedings, 11, Separation Technology
, pp. 317-328
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Gaffney, T.R.1
Braymer, T.A.2
Farris, T.S.3
Cabrera, A.L.4
Coe, C.G.5
Armor, J.N.6
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7
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0027206685
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Preparation of Carbon Molecular Sieves, I. Two-Step Hydrocarbon Deposition with A Single Hydrocarbon
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Cabrera AL, Zehner JE, Coe CG, Gaffney TR, Farris TS, Armor JN. Preparation of Carbon Molecular Sieves, I. Two-Step Hydrocarbon Deposition with A Single Hydrocarbon. Carbon. 31:(6):1993;969-976.
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(1993)
Carbon
, vol.31
, Issue.6
, pp. 969-976
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Cabrera, A.L.1
Zehner, J.E.2
Coe, C.G.3
Gaffney, T.R.4
Farris, T.S.5
Armor, J.N.6
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9
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0039810837
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Carbon-based oxygen selective desiccants for use in nitrogen PSA
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Golden TC, Battavio PJ, Chen YC, Farris TS, Armor JN. Carbon-based oxygen selective desiccants for use in nitrogen PSA. Gas Sep Purification. 7:(4):1993;274-278.
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(1993)
Gas Sep Purification
, vol.7
, Issue.4
, pp. 274-278
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Golden, T.C.1
Battavio, P.J.2
Chen, Y.C.3
Farris, T.S.4
Armor, J.N.5
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11
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0001585043
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2 Adsorption in Zeolites
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Density functional calculations were used to confirm the classical electrostatic basis of nitrogen selectivity in zeolites, and revealed that the zeolite framework perturbs the interaction of the cations with oxygen and nitrogen. of special interest
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2 Adsorption in Zeolites. J Phys Chem. 99:1995;12925-12932. Density functional calculations were used to confirm the classical electrostatic basis of nitrogen selectivity in zeolites, and revealed that the zeolite framework perturbs the interaction of the cations with oxygen and nitrogen. of special interest.
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(1995)
J Phys Chem
, vol.99
, pp. 12925-12932
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Papai, I.1
Goursot, A.2
Fajula, F.3
Plee, D.4
Weber, J.5
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12
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0027660721
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Selectivity of some zeolites for adsorption of atmospheric gases
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Boniface HA, Ruthven DM. Selectivity of some zeolites for adsorption of atmospheric gases. Gas Sep Purification. 7:(3):1993;183-184.
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(1993)
Gas Sep Purification
, vol.7
, Issue.3
, pp. 183-184
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Boniface, H.A.1
Ruthven, D.M.2
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13
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0039810835
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Lithium Chabazite: Synthesis and Air Separation Properties
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Vansant E.F. Amsterdam: Elsevier
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Coe CG, Gaffney TR, Srinivasan RS, Naheiri T. Lithium Chabazite: Synthesis and Air Separation Properties. Vansant EF. Process Technology Proceedings, 11, Separation Technology. 1994;267-279 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
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(1994)
Process Technology Proceedings, 11, Separation Technology
, pp. 267-279
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Coe, C.G.1
Gaffney, T.R.2
Srinivasan, R.S.3
Naheiri, T.4
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14
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0026838169
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Lithium Type X Zeolite as a Superior Sorbent for Air Separation
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Baksh MSA, Kikkinides ES, Yang RT. Lithium Type X Zeolite as a Superior Sorbent for Air Separation. Sep Sci Tech. 27:(3):1992;277-294.
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(1992)
Sep Sci Tech
, vol.27
, Issue.3
, pp. 277-294
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Baksh, M.S.A.1
Kikkinides, E.S.2
Yang, R.T.3
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15
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0040403346
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Advances in Oxygen Production by Pressure Swing Adsorption
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Cambbell MJ, Lagree DA, Smolarek J. Advances in Oxygen Production by Pressure Swing Adsorption. AIChE Symp Ser. 89:1993;104-108.
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(1993)
AIChE Symp Ser
, vol.89
, pp. 104-108
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Cambbell, M.J.1
Lagree, D.A.2
Smolarek, J.3
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16
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0012138995
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Molecularly Engineered Adsorbents for Air Separation
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E.F. Vansant, Dewolfs R. Amsterdam: Elsevier
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Coe CG. Molecularly Engineered Adsorbents for Air Separation. Vansant EF, Dewolfs R. Process Technology Proceedings, 8, Gas Separation Technology. 1990;149-159 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
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(1990)
Process Technology Proceedings, 8, Gas Separation Technology
, pp. 149-159
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Coe, C.G.1
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17
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0002710471
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Neutron Diffraction of Full Structures of Anhydrous Li-X and Li-Y Zeolites
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Forano C, Slade RCT, Krogh Andersen E, Krogh Andersen IG, Prince E. Neutron Diffraction of Full Structures of Anhydrous Li-X and Li-Y Zeolites. J Solid State Chem. 82:1989;95-102.
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(1989)
J Solid State Chem
, vol.82
, pp. 95-102
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Forano, C.1
Slade, R.C.T.2
Krogh Andersen, E.3
Krogh Andersen, I.G.4
Prince, E.5
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19
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0024173057
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Molecular Engineered, High Performance Adsorbent: Self-Bound Low-Silica X Zeolite
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Flank W.H. ACS Symp Ser 368
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Coe CG, Kuzsnicki SM, Srinivasan R, Jenkins RJ, Whyte TE. Molecular Engineered, High Performance Adsorbent: Self-Bound Low-Silica X Zeolite. Flank WH. Perspectives in Molecular Sieve Science. 1988;478-491. ACS Symp Ser 368.
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(1988)
Perspectives in Molecular Sieve Science
, pp. 478-491
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Coe, C.G.1
Kuzsnicki, S.M.2
Srinivasan, R.3
Jenkins, R.J.4
Whyte, T.E.5
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20
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0029310908
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A New Class of Non-Zeolitic Sorbents for Air Separation: Lithium Ion Exchanged Pillared Clays
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Cheng LS, Yang RT. A New Class of Non-Zeolitic Sorbents for Air Separation: Lithium Ion Exchanged Pillared Clays. Ind Eng Chem Res. 34:1995;2021-2028.
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(1995)
Ind Eng Chem Res
, vol.34
, pp. 2021-2028
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Cheng, L.S.1
Yang, R.T.2
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21
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0029183187
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Controlled Gas Adsorption Properties of Various Pillared Clays
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Molinard A, Vansant EF. Controlled Gas Adsorption Properties of Various Pillared Clays. Adsorption. 1:(1):1995;49-59.
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(1995)
Adsorption
, vol.1
, Issue.1
, pp. 49-59
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Molinard, A.1
Vansant, E.F.2
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22
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0001280654
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Solid State Lithium Cyanocobaltates with High Capacity for Reversible Dioxygen Binding: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structures
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These materials are outside the scope of this reviews as they are non-porous. of special interest
-
Ramprasad D, Pez GP, Toby BH, Pearlstein RM. Solid State Lithium Cyanocobaltates with High Capacity for Reversible Dioxygen Binding: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structures. J Amer Chem Soc. 117:1995;10694-10701. These materials are outside the scope of this reviews as they are non-porous. of special interest.
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(1995)
J Amer Chem Soc
, vol.117
, pp. 10694-10701
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Ramprasad, D.1
Pez, G.P.2
Toby, B.H.3
Pearlstein, R.M.4
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23
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0040997495
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Gaffney TR, Farris TS, Cabrera AL, Armor JN: Modified Carbon Molecular Sieves for Gas Separation. 1992 U.S. Patent 5-098-880.
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Gaffney TR, Farris TS, Cabrera AL, Armor JN: Modified Carbon Molecular Sieves for Gas Separation. 1992 U.S. Patent 5-098-880.
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24
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0040403361
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Moreay S, Sardan B, Ehrburger P: Method for Separating Gases Using a Particulate Composite Material with Carbon Matrix. 1995 U.S. Patent 5 411 577.
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Moreay S, Sardan B, Ehrburger P: Method for Separating Gases Using a Particulate Composite Material with Carbon Matrix. 1995 U.S. Patent 5 411 577.
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25
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0039218912
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Golden TC, Kratz WC, Mead MN: Oxygen Selective Adsorbents. 1995 U.S. Patent 5 447 557.
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Golden TC, Kratz WC, Mead MN: Oxygen Selective Adsorbents. 1995 U.S. Patent 5 447 557.
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26
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0040403352
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Koita J, Nakanishi T: Method for manufacturing molecular sieve carbon fibers. 1994 Jap Patent Discl Bull No. 6-173119, Patent App No. 4-324293. The preparation of CMS adsorbents from carbon fibers is reported. Although outside the scope of this review, CMS membranes are also being fabricated from fibers. of outstanding interest.
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Koita J, Nakanishi T: Method for manufacturing molecular sieve carbon fibers. 1994 Jap Patent Discl Bull No. 6-173119, Patent App No. 4-324293. The preparation of CMS adsorbents from carbon fibers is reported. Although outside the scope of this review, CMS membranes are also being fabricated from fibers. of outstanding interest.
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27
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0040997491
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Audley GJ, Tennison SR, Grint A: Process for the Production of Carbon Molecular Sieves. 1994 EP 0 626 199 A2.
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Audley GJ, Tennison SR, Grint A: Process for the Production of Carbon Molecular Sieves. 1994 EP 0 626 199 A2.
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28
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0039810833
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Kobayashi S, Izumi J: Oxygen adsorbent and method for separating oxygen and nitrogen. 1994 Jap Patent Discil Bull No. 6-178934, Patent App No. 4-332941. Processes which use these adsorbents and operative at low temperature have been touted as low power alternatives to conventional CMS-based PSA processes for producing high purity nitrogen. of special interest
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Kobayashi S, Izumi J: Oxygen adsorbent and method for separating oxygen and nitrogen. 1994 Jap Patent Discil Bull No. 6-178934, Patent App No. 4-332941. Processes which use these adsorbents and operative at low temperature have been touted as low power alternatives to conventional CMS-based PSA processes for producing high purity nitrogen. of special interest.
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29
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0039810826
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Chao CC: Process for Separating Nitrogen from Mixtures Thereof with Less Polar Substances. 1989 U.S. Patent 4 859 217.
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Chao CC: Process for Separating Nitrogen from Mixtures Thereof with Less Polar Substances. 1989 U.S. Patent 4 859 217.
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30
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0039810823
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Coe CG, Gaffney TR, Srinivasan RS: Chabazite for Gas Separation. 1990 U.S. Patent 4 925 460.
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Coe CG, Gaffney TR, Srinivasan RS: Chabazite for Gas Separation. 1990 U.S. Patent 4 925 460.
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31
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0040403351
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2 Capacity Adsorbents. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 266 102.
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2 Capacity Adsorbents. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 266 102.
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32
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0039810815
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Toso KK: Zeolite Adsorption Separating Agent. 1989 Jap Patent App No. Sho 62[1987]-329972.
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Toso KK: Zeolite Adsorption Separating Agent. 1989 Jap Patent App No. Sho 62[1987]-329972.
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33
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0003830605
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U.S. Patent 5 413 625. This work demonstrated that lithium/alkaline earth metal A and X zeolites are more thermally stable compared to the pure lithium ion forms. This allows activation at hightemperatures without loss of crystallinity. of outstanding interest
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Chao CC, Sherman JD, Mullhaupt JT, Bolinger CM: Mixed Ion-exchanged Zeolites and Processes for the use thereof in Gas Separations. 1995 U.S. Patent 5 413 625. This work demonstrated that lithium/alkaline earth metal A and X zeolites are more thermally stable compared to the pure lithium ion forms. This allows activation at hightemperatures without loss of crystallinity. of outstanding interest.
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(1995)
Mixed Ion-exchanged Zeolites and Processes for the Use Thereof in Gas Separations
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Chao, C.C.1
Sherman, J.D.2
Mullhaupt, J.T.3
Bolinger, C.M.4
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34
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0039218882
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Chao CC, Sherman JD, Mullhaupt JT, Bolinger CM: Mixed Ion-exchanged Zeolites and Processes for the use thereof in Gas Separations. 1992 U.S. Patent 5 174 979. Lithium/alkaline earth metal A and X zeolites have good adsorption capacities and selectivities for air separation. The adsorption capacities and selectivities for air separation are nearly equivalent to the values reported for the pure lithium ion forms of these zeolites. of outstanding interest
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Chao CC, Sherman JD, Mullhaupt JT, Bolinger CM: Mixed Ion-exchanged Zeolites and Processes for the use thereof in Gas Separations. 1992 U.S. Patent 5 174 979. Lithium/alkaline earth metal A and X zeolites have good adsorption capacities and selectivities for air separation. The adsorption capacities and selectivities for air separation are nearly equivalent to the values reported for the pure lithium ion forms of these zeolites. of outstanding interest.
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35
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0040997489
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Coe CG, Kirner JF, Pierantozzi R, White TR: Nitrogen Adsorption with a Ca and/or Sr Exchanged Lithium-X Zeolite. 1992 U.S. Patent 5 152 813.
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Coe CG, Kirner JF, Pierantozzi R, White TR: Nitrogen Adsorption with a Ca and/or Sr Exchanged Lithium-X Zeolite. 1992 U.S. Patent 5 152 813.
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36
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0039810808
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Coe CG, Kirner JF, Pierantozzi R, White TR: Nitrogen adsorption with a divalent cation exchanged lithium X-zeolite. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 258 058. This work showed that replacing residual sodium with manganese, nickel, or zinc in lithium X zeolites gives materials with high selectivity for separating nitrogen from air. of outstanding interest
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Coe CG, Kirner JF, Pierantozzi R, White TR: Nitrogen adsorption with a divalent cation exchanged lithium X-zeolite. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 258 058. This work showed that replacing residual sodium with manganese, nickel, or zinc in lithium X zeolites gives materials with high selectivity for separating nitrogen from air. of outstanding interest.
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37
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0039218902
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Kirner JF: Nitrogen Adsorption with highly Li Exchanged X-Zeolites with Low Si/Al Ratio. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 268 023. This report illustrates the cost advantages associated with minimizing lithium requirements. of outstanding interest
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Kirner JF: Nitrogen Adsorption with highly Li Exchanged X-Zeolites with Low Si/Al Ratio. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 268 023. This report illustrates the cost advantages associated with minimizing lithium requirements. of outstanding interest.
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38
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0039810817
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Coe CG, MacDougall JE, Weigel SJ: Magnesium A-Zeolite for Nitrogen Adsorption. 1994 U.S. Patent 5 354 360.
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Coe CG, MacDougall JE, Weigel SJ: Magnesium A-Zeolite for Nitrogen Adsorption. 1994 U.S. Patent 5 354 360.
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39
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0039810807
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Gaffney TR, Kirner JF, Kumar R, Maliszewskyj RJ: Adsorptive Separation using Diluted Adsorptive Phase. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 258 060.
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Gaffney TR, Kirner JF, Kumar R, Maliszewskyj RJ: Adsorptive Separation using Diluted Adsorptive Phase. 1993 U.S. Patent 5 258 060.
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40
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0040997478
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Kobayashi S, Izumi J: Nitrogen adsorbent and method of separating oxygen and nitrogen. 1994 Jap Patent Discl Bull No. 6-178932, Patent App No. 4-332939. Processes which use these adsorbents are best suited to locales where large volumes of product are required and the cost of power is high. of special interest
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Kobayashi S, Izumi J: Nitrogen adsorbent and method of separating oxygen and nitrogen. 1994 Jap Patent Discl Bull No. 6-178932, Patent App No. 4-332939. Processes which use these adsorbents are best suited to locales where large volumes of product are required and the cost of power is high. of special interest.
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41
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0039218899
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Coe CG, Gaffney TR: Process for the Purification of Bulk Gases Using Chabazite Adsorbents, 1990 U.S. Patent 4 943 304.
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Coe CG, Gaffney TR: Process for the Purification of Bulk Gases Using Chabazite Adsorbents, 1990 U.S. Patent 4 943 304.
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42
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0040403343
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Mullhaupt JT, Stephenson PC: Enhanced Gas Separations and Zeolite Compositions Therefor. 1995 U.S. Patent 5 441 557.
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Mullhaupt JT, Stephenson PC: Enhanced Gas Separations and Zeolite Compositions Therefor. 1995 U.S. Patent 5 441 557.
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43
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0040997483
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Mullhaupt JT, Stephenson PC: Zeolite compositions for gas separations. 1995 EP 0 658 364 A2.
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Mullhaupt JT, Stephenson PC: Zeolite compositions for gas separations. 1995 EP 0 658 364 A2.
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44
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0040403339
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Ramprasad D, Meier IK, Pearlstein RM, Pez GP: Process for Reversibly Binding Oxygen. 1994 U.S. Patent 5 294 418.
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Ramprasad D, Meier IK, Pearlstein RM, Pez GP: Process for Reversibly Binding Oxygen. 1994 U.S. Patent 5 294 418.
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