메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 257-261

Community outbreak of legionnaires' disease: An investigation confirming the potential for cooling towers to transmit Legionella species

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; CLINICAL ARTICLE; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEGIONELLA; LEGIONNAIRE DISEASE; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0029671078     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/22.2.257     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (78)

References (31)
  • 1
    • 0028778602 scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of pneumonia associated with a cruise ship, 1994
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of pneumonia associated with a cruise ship, 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994;43:521.
    • (1994) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.43 , pp. 521
  • 3
    • 0025195897 scopus 로고
    • Association of shower use with Legionnaires' disease: Possible role of amoebae
    • Breiman RF, Fields BS, Sanden GN, Volmer L, Meier A, Spika JS. Association of shower use with Legionnaires' disease: possible role of amoebae. JAMA 1990;263:2924-6.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 2924-2926
    • Breiman, R.F.1    Fields, B.S.2    Sanden, G.N.3    Volmer, L.4    Meier, A.5    Spika, J.S.6
  • 4
    • 0023156556 scopus 로고
    • A community hospital outbreak of legionellosis: Transmission by potable hot water
    • Hanrahan JP, Morse DL, Scharf VB, et al. A community hospital outbreak of legionellosis: transmission by potable hot water. Am J Epidemiol 1987;125:639-49.
    • (1987) Am J Epidemiol , vol.125 , pp. 639-649
    • Hanrahan, J.P.1    Morse, D.L.2    Scharf, V.B.3
  • 5
    • 0018869602 scopus 로고
    • Legionnaires' disease in a transplant unit: Isolation of the causative agent from shower baths
    • Tobin JO, Beare J, Dunnill MS, et al. Legionnaires' disease in a transplant unit: isolation of the causative agent from shower baths. Lancet 1980;2:118-21.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 118-121
    • Tobin, J.O.1    Beare, J.2    Dunnill, M.S.3
  • 6
    • 0026684584 scopus 로고
    • Communitywide outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a grocery store mist machine
    • Mahoney FJ, Hoge CW, Farley TA, et al. Communitywide outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a grocery store mist machine. J Infect Dis 1992;165:736-9.
    • (1992) J Infect Dis , vol.165 , pp. 736-739
    • Mahoney, F.J.1    Hoge, C.W.2    Farley, T.A.3
  • 7
    • 0019916003 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease caused by aerosolized tap water from respiratory devices
    • Arnow PM, Chou T, Weil D, Shapiro EN, Kretzschmar C. Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease caused by aerosolized tap water from respiratory devices. J Infect Dis 1982;146:460-7.
    • (1982) J Infect Dis , vol.146 , pp. 460-467
    • Arnow, P.M.1    Chou, T.2    Weil, D.3    Shapiro, E.N.4    Kretzschmar, C.5
  • 8
    • 0347126187 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease associated with exposure to respiratory therapy equipment, Connecticut
    • Thornsberry C, Balows A, Feeley JC, et al., eds. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology
    • Jones E, Checko P, Dalton A, et al. Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease associated with exposure to respiratory therapy equipment, Connecticut. In: Thornsberry C, Balows A, Feeley JC, et al., eds. Legionella: proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1984:225-7.
    • (1984) Legionella: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium , pp. 225-227
    • Jones, E.1    Checko, P.2    Dalton, A.3
  • 10
    • 0018974348 scopus 로고
    • Legionnaires' disease outbreak at an Atlanta, Georgia, country club: Evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser
    • Cordes LG, Fraser DW, Skaliy P, et al. Legionnaires' disease outbreak at an Atlanta, Georgia, country club: evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser. Am J Epidemiol 1980;111:425-31.
    • (1980) Am J Epidemiol , vol.111 , pp. 425-431
    • Cordes, L.G.1    Fraser, D.W.2    Skaliy, P.3
  • 11
    • 0025324385 scopus 로고
    • Role of air-sampling in investigation of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with exposure to aerosols from an evaporative condenser
    • Breiman RF, Cozen W, Fields BS, et al. Role of air-sampling in investigation of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with exposure to aerosols from an evaporative condenser. J Infect Dis 1990;161: 1257-61.
    • (1990) J Infect Dis , vol.161 , pp. 1257-1261
    • Breiman, R.F.1    Cozen, W.2    Fields, B.S.3
  • 12
    • 0018898448 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a contaminated air-conditioning cooling tower
    • Dondero TJ Jr, Rendtorff RC, Mallison GF, et al. An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a contaminated air-conditioning cooling tower. N Engl J Med 1980;302:365-70.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.302 , pp. 365-370
    • Dondero Jr., T.J.1    Rendtorff, R.C.2    Mallison, G.F.3
  • 13
    • 0021347805 scopus 로고
    • Legionnaires' disease: The epidemiology of two outbreaks in Burlington, Vermont, 1980
    • Klaucke DN, Vogt RL, LaRue D, et al. Legionnaires' disease: the epidemiology of two outbreaks in Burlington, Vermont, 1980. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:382-91.
    • (1984) Am J Epidemiol , vol.119 , pp. 382-391
    • Klaucke, D.N.1    Vogt, R.L.2    LaRue, D.3
  • 14
    • 0024365972 scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired Legionnaires' disease associated with a cooling tower: Evidence for longer-distance transport of Legionella pneumophila
    • Addiss DG, Davis JP, LaVenture M, Wand PJ, Hutchinson MA, McKinney RM. Community-acquired Legionnaires' disease associated with a cooling tower: evidence for longer-distance transport of Legionella pneumophila. Am J Epidemiol 1989;130:557-68.
    • (1989) Am J Epidemiol , vol.130 , pp. 557-568
    • Addiss, D.G.1    Davis, J.P.2    LaVenture, M.3    Wand, P.J.4    Hutchinson, M.A.5    McKinney, R.M.6
  • 15
    • 0025082018 scopus 로고
    • Two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in Bolton Health District
    • Mitchell E, O'Mahoney M, Watson JM, et al. Two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in Bolton Health District. Epidemiol Infect 1990; 104:159-70.
    • (1990) Epidemiol Infect , vol.104 , pp. 159-170
    • Mitchell, E.1    O'Mahoney, M.2    Watson, J.M.3
  • 17
    • 84944285518 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease: Epidemiologic demonstration of cooling towers as a source
    • Garbe PL, Davis BJ, Weisfeld JS, et al. Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease: epidemiologic demonstration of cooling towers as a source. JAMA 1985;254:521-4.
    • (1985) JAMA , vol.254 , pp. 521-524
    • Garbe, P.L.1    Davis, B.J.2    Weisfeld, J.S.3
  • 18
    • 0002360487 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary findings of a community-based pneumonia incidence study
    • Barbaree JM, Breiman RF, Dufour AP, eds. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology
    • Marston BJ, Plouffe JF, Breiman RF, et al. Preliminary findings of a community-based pneumonia incidence study. In: Barbaree JM, Breiman RF, Dufour AP, eds. Legionella: current status and emerging perspectives. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1993:36-7.
    • (1993) Legionella: Current Status and Emerging Perspectives , pp. 36-37
    • Marston, B.J.1    Plouffe, J.F.2    Breiman, R.F.3
  • 19
    • 0022510693 scopus 로고
    • Mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophila: A critical review
    • Muder RR, Yu VL, Woo AH. Mode of transmission of Legionella pneumophila: a critical review. Arch Intern Med 1986;146:1607-12.
    • (1986) Arch Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 1607-1612
    • Muder, R.R.1    Yu, V.L.2    Woo, A.H.3
  • 21
    • 0019394592 scopus 로고
    • Rapid radioimmunoassay diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease: Detection and partial characterization of urinary antigen
    • Kohler RB, Zimmerman SE, Wilson E, et al. Rapid radioimmunoassay diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease: detection and partial characterization of urinary antigen. Ann Intern Med 1981;94:601-5.
    • (1981) Ann Intern Med , vol.94 , pp. 601-605
    • Kohler, R.B.1    Zimmerman, S.E.2    Wilson, E.3
  • 22
    • 0027872611 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Legionella species in sewage and ocean water by polymerase chain reaction, direct fluorescent-antibody, and plate culture methods
    • Palmer CJ, Tsai Y-L, Paszko-Kolva C, Mayer C, Sangermano LR. Detection of Legionella species in sewage and ocean water by polymerase chain reaction, direct fluorescent-antibody, and plate culture methods. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993;59:3618-24.
    • (1993) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.59 , pp. 3618-3624
    • Palmer, C.J.1    Tsai, Y.-L.2    Paszko-Kolva, C.3    Mayer, C.4    Sangermano, L.R.5
  • 23
    • 0028292540 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of commercial amplification kit for detection of Legionella pneumophila in clinical specimens
    • Matsiota-Bernard P, Pitsouni E, Legakis N, Nauciel C. Evaluation of commercial amplification kit for detection of Legionella pneumophila in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:1503-5.
    • (1994) J Clin Microbiol , vol.32 , pp. 1503-1505
    • Matsiota-Bernard, P.1    Pitsouni, E.2    Legakis, N.3    Nauciel, C.4
  • 24
    • 0027423293 scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection of Legionella species in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids with the EnviroAmp Legionella PCR amplification and detection kit
    • Kessler HH, Reinthaler FF, Pschaid A, et al. Rapid detection of Legionella species in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids with the EnviroAmp Legionella PCR amplification and detection kit. J Clin Microbiol 1993;31: 3325-8.
    • (1993) J Clin Microbiol , vol.31 , pp. 3325-3328
    • Kessler, H.H.1    Reinthaler, F.F.2    Pschaid, A.3
  • 26
    • 0027319072 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, ribotyping, and monoclonal antibody analysis for subtyping Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1
    • Gomez-Lus P, Fields BS, Benson RF, Martin WT, O'Connor SP, Black CM. Comparison of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, ribotyping, and monoclonal antibody analysis for subtyping Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. J Clin Microbiol 1993;31:1940-2.
    • (1993) J Clin Microbiol , vol.31 , pp. 1940-1942
    • Gomez-Lus, P.1    Fields, B.S.2    Benson, R.F.3    Martin, W.T.4    O'Connor, S.P.5    Black, C.M.6
  • 29
    • 0019992431 scopus 로고
    • Legionella pneumophila in cooling water systems. Report of a survey of cooling towers in London and a pilot trial of selected biocides
    • Lond
    • Kurtz JB, Bartlett CLR, Newton UA, White RA, Jones NL. Legionella pneumophila in cooling water systems. Report of a survey of cooling towers in London and a pilot trial of selected biocides. J Hyg (Lond) 1982;88:369-81.
    • (1982) J Hyg , vol.88 , pp. 369-381
    • Kurtz, J.B.1    Bartlett, C.L.R.2    Newton, U.A.3    White, R.A.4    Jones, N.L.5
  • 30
    • 0022573470 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of protozoa from water associated with a legionellosis outbreak and demonstration of intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila
    • Barbaree JM, Fields BS, Feeley JC, Gorman GW, Martin WT. Isolation of protozoa from water associated with a legionellosis outbreak and demonstration of intracellular multiplication of Legionella pneumophila. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986;51:422-4.
    • (1986) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.51 , pp. 422-424
    • Barbaree, J.M.1    Fields, B.S.2    Feeley, J.C.3    Gorman, G.W.4    Martin, W.T.5
  • 31
    • 0026071751 scopus 로고
    • Proximity of the home to a cooling tower and risk of non-outbreak Legionnaires' disease
    • Bhopal RS, Fallon RJ, Buist EC, Black RJ, Urquhart JD. Proximity of the home to a cooling tower and risk of non-outbreak Legionnaires' disease. BMJ 1991;302:378-83.
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.302 , pp. 378-383
    • Bhopal, R.S.1    Fallon, R.J.2    Buist, E.C.3    Black, R.J.4    Urquhart, J.D.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.