Does the skeleton of a sponge provide a defense against predatory reef fish?

Oecologia

Volumn 107, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 225-231

  Chanas, Brian ^a   Pawlik, Joseph R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA WILMINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Coral reef sponges; Nutritional quality; Physical defenses; Predator prey interactions; Silica

Indexed keywords

DEFENCE MECHANISM; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; DEMOSPONGE; PREDATION; REEF FISH; SKELETON; SPONGE;

AGELAS CLATHRODES; PORIFERA;

EID: 0029669515     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00327906     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abrahamson WG (1989) Plant-animal interactions. McGraw-Hill, New York
2. Albrizio S, Ciminiello P, Fattorusso E, Magno S, Pawlik JR (1995) Amphitoxin, a new high molecular weight antifeedant pyridinium salt from the Caribbean sponge Amphimedon compressa. J Nat Prod 58: 647-652
3. Alvarez B, Diaz MC, Laughlin RA (1991) The sponge fauna on a fringing coral reef in Venezuela. I. Composition, distribution, and abundance. In: Rützler K (ed) New perspectives in sponge biology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, pp 358-366
4. Arillo A, Bavestrello G, Burlando B, Sarà M (1993) Metabolic integration between symbiotic cyanobacteria and sponges: a possible mechanism. Mar Biol 117: 159-162
5. Bailey CB (1981) Silica metabolism and silica urolithiasis in ruminants: a review. Can J Anim Sci 61: 219-235
6. Baker G, Jones LHP, Wardrop ID (1959) Cause of wear in sheep's teeth. Nature 184: 1583-1584
7. Bakus GJ (1964) The effects of fish-grazing on invertebrate evolution in shallow tropical water. Allan Hancock Foundation, Occasional Paper 27: 1-29
8. Bakus GJ, Green G (1974) Toxicity in sponges and holothruians: a geographic pattern. Science 185: 951-953
9. Bergquist PR (1978) Sponges. University of California Press, Berkeley
10. Birenheide R, Amemiya S, Motokawa T (1993) Penetration and storage of sponge spicules in tissues and coelom of spongivorous echinoids. Mar Biol 115: 677-683
11. Bjorndal KA (1990) Digestibility of the sponge Chondrilla nucula in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas. Bull Mar Sci 47: 567-570
12. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248-254
13. Brizuela MA, Detling JK, Cid MS (1986) Silicon concentration of grasses growing in sites with different grazing histories. Ecology 67: 1098-1101
14. Chanas B, Pawlik JR (1995) Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. II. Spicules, tissue toughness, and nutritional quality. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 127: 195-211
15. Coley PD (1983) Herbivory and defensive characteristics of tree species in a lowland tropical forest. Ecol Monogr 53: 209-233
16. Dayton PK, Robilliard GA, Paine RT, Dayton LB (1974) Biological accommodation in the benthic community at McMurdo Sound. Antarctica. Ecol Monogr 44: 105-128
17. Duffy JE, Paul VJ (1992) Prey nutritional quality and the effectiveness of chemical defenses against tropical reef fishes. Oecologia 90: 333-339
18. Gali-Muhtasib HU, Smith CC, Higgins JJ (1992) The effect of silica in grasses on the feeding behavior of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster. Ecology 73: 1724-1729
19. Garrone R (1978) Phylogensis of connective tissue. Karger, New York
20. Gerhart DJ, Rittschof D, Mayo SW (1988) Chemical ecology and the search for marine antifoulants: studies of a predator-prey symbiosis. J Chem Ecol 14: 1905-1917
21. Hartman WD (1981) Form and distribution of silica in sponges. In: Simpson TL, Volcani BE (eds) Silicon and siliceous structures in biological systems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 454-493
22. Harvell CD, Fenical W, Greene CH (1988) Chemical and structural defenses of Caribbean gorgonians (Pseudopterogorgia spp.). I. Development of an in situ feeding assay. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 49: 287-294
23. Hay ME, Kappel QE, Fenical W (1994) Synergisms in plant defenses against herbivores: interactions of chemistry, calcification, and plant quality. Ecology 75: 1714-1726
24. Hixon MA (1983) Fish grazing and community structure of coral reefs and algae: a synthesis of recent studies. In: Reaka ML (ed) The ecology of deep and shallow coral reefs (Symposia series for undersea research). NOAA/NURP, Washington, pp 79-87
25. Huston MA (1985) Patterns of species diversity on coral reefs. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 16: 149-177
26. Jones GP, Ferrell DJ, Sale PF (1991) Fish predation and its impacts on the nvertebrates of coral reefs and adjacent sediments. In: Sale PF (ed) The ecology of fishes on coral reefs. Academic Press, New York, pp 156-179
27. Kaufman PB, Dayanandan P, Takeoka Y, Bigelow WC, Jones JD, Iler R (1981) Silica in shoots of higher plants. In: Simpson TL, Volcani BE (eds) Silicon and siliceous structures in biological systems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 409-450
28. Koehl MAR (1982) Mechanical design of spicule-reinforced connective tissue: stiffness. J Exp Biol 98: 239-267
29. Lindquist N, Hay ME, Fenical W (1992) Defense of ascidians and their conspicuous larvae: adult vs. larval chemical defenses. Ecol Monogr 62: 547-568
30. Lewis JC, Von Wallis E (1991) The function of surface sclerites in gorgonians (Coelenterata, Octocorallia). Biol Bull 181: 275-288
31. McClintock JB (1986) On estimating energetic values of prey: implications in optimal diet models. Oecologia 70: 161-162
32. McNaughton SJ (1979) Grass-herbivore dynamics. In: Sinclair ARE, Norton-Griffths M (eds) Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem. University Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 46-81
33. McNaughton SJ, Tarrants JL (1983) Grass leaf silication: natural selection for an inducible defense against herbivores. Proc Natl Acad Sci 80: 790-791
34. McNaughton SJ, Tarrants JL, McNaughton MM, Davis RH (1985) Silica as a defense against herbivory and a growth promoter in African grasses. Ecology 66: 528-535
35. Meylan A (1988) Spongivory in hawksbill turtles: a diet of glass. Science 239: 393-395
36. Meylan A (1990) Nutritional characteristics of sponges in the diet of the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata. In: Rützler K (ed) New perspectives in sponge biology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp 472-477
37. O'Neill CH, Hodges GM, Riddle PN, Jordan PW, Newman RH, Flood RJ, Toulson EC (1980) A fine fibrous silica contaminate of flour in the high oesophageal cancer area of north-east Iran. Int J Cancer 26: 617-628
38. Paul VJ (1992) Chemical defenses of benthic marine invertebrates. In: Paul VJ (ed) Ecological roles of marine natural products. Comstock, Ithaca, New York, pp 164-188
39. Pawlik JR (1983) A sponge-eating worm from Bermuda: Branchiosyllis oculata (Polychaeta, Syllidae). P.S.Z.N.I:Mar Ecol 4: 65-79
40. Pawlik JR (1993) Marine invertebrate chemical defenses. Chem Rev 93: 1911-1922
41. Pawlik JR, Fenical W (1992) Chemical defense of Pterogorgia anceps, a Caribbean gorgonian coral. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 87: 183-188
42. Pawlik JR, Kernan MR, Molinski TF, Harper MK, Faulkner DJ (1988) Defensive chemicals of the Spanish dancer nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus and its egg ribbons: macrolides derived from a sponge diet. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 119: 99-109
43. Pawlik JR, Chanas B, Toonen RJ, Fenical W (1995) Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. I. Chemical deterrency. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 127: 183-194
44. Pennings SC, Pablo SR, Paul VJ, Duffy JE (1994) Effects of sponge secondary metabolites in different diets on feeding by three groups of consumers. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 180: 137-149
45. Randall JE, Hartman WE (1968) Sponge-feeding fishes of the West Indies. Mar Biol 1: 216-225
46. Reiswig HM (1973) Population dynamics of three Jamaican Demospongiae. Bull Mar Sci 23: 191-226
47. Rützler K (1978) Sponges in coral reefs. In: Stoddart DR, Johannes RF (eds) Coral reefs: research methods (Monographs on oceanographic methodology 5). UNESCO, Paris, pp 299-314
48. Rützler K (1990) Associations between Caribbean sponges and photosynthetic organisms. In: Rützler K (ed) New perspectives in sponge biology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp 455-466
49. Rützler K, Macintyre I (1978) Siliceous sponge spicules in coral reef sediments. Mar Biol 49: 147-159
50. Storr JF (1964) Ecology of the Gulf of Mexico commercial sponges and its relation to the fishery (Special scientific report - fisheries 466) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, pp 1-73
51. Suchanek TH, Carpenter RC, Whitman JD, Harvell CD (1983) Sponges as important space competitors in deep Caribbean coral communities. In: Reaka ML (ed) The ecology of deep and shallow coral reefs, (Symposia series for Undersea Research 1). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, pp 55-60
52. Tacon AGJ, Cowey CB (1985) Protein and amino acid requirements. In: Tytler P, Calow P (eds) Fish energetics: new perspectives. John Hopkins, Baltimore, pp 155-183
53. Van Alstyne KL, Paul VJ (1992) Chemical and structural defenses in the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina: effects against generalist and specialist predators. Coral Reefs 11: 155-159
54. Van Alstyne KL, Wylie CR, Paul VJ, Meyer K (1992) Antipredator defenses in tropical Pacific soft corals (Coelenterata: Alcyonacea). I. Sclerites as defenses against generalist carnivorous fishes. Biol Bull 182: 231-240
55. Van Alstyne KL, Wylie CR, Paul VJ (1994) Antipredator defenses in tropical Pacific soft corals (Coelentrata: Alcyonacea) II. The relative importance of chemical and structural defenses in the three species of Sinularia. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 178: 17-34
56. Van Soest RWM (1994) Demosponge distribution patterns. In: Van Soest RWM, Van Kempen TMG, Braekman J-C (eds) Sponges in time and space. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 213-223
57. Wainwright SA, Biggs WD, Currey JD, Gosline JM (1982) Mechanical design in organisms. Princeton University Press, Princeton
58. Wulff JL (1994) Sponge feeding by Caribbean angelfishes, trunkfishes, and filefishes In: Van Soest RWM, Van Kempen TMG, Braekman J-C (eds) Sponges in time and space. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 265-271
59. Zar JH (1984) Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
60. Zea S (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catálogo Científico, Santa Marta, Colombia
61. Zea S (1993) Cover of sponges and other sessile organisms in rocky and coral reef habitats of Santa Marta, Colombia Caribbean Sea. Carib J Sci 29: 75-88