A far-field hydrothermal plume from Loihi Seamount

Science

Volumn 272, Issue 5264, 1996, Pages 976-979

  Lupton, John E ^a  

^a NOAA PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; PLUME DISPERSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED STATES;

DEPTH PROFILES; FAR-FIELD; HELIUM; HYDROTHERMAL PLUME; HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES; TRACER;

PACIFIC, HAWAII, LOIHI SEAMOUNT; PACIFIC, LOIHI SEAMOUNT;

EID: 0029669264     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5264.976     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. J. E. Lupton and H. Craig, Science 214, 13 (1981).
2. H. Stommel and A. B. Arons, Deep-Sea Res. 6, 217 (1960).
3. J. Lupton, R. Feely, G. Massoth, Eos (fall suppl.) 70, 1131 (1989); J. E. Lupton, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12829 (1990).
4. J. Lupton, R. Feely, G. Massoth, Eos (fall suppl.) 70, 1131 (1989); J. E. Lupton, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12829 (1990).
5. Helium and tritium data from WOCE line P4 have been reported by W. J. Jenkins in Data Release 6.0 (WHOI Helium Isotope Laboratory, 25 August 1995), which is available at http://kopernik.whoi.edu/data/ tps.html; some of these data are also reported in S. E. Wijffels et al., Deep-Sea Res., in press.
6. Helium and tritium data from WOCE line P4 have been reported by W. J. Jenkins in Data Release 6.0 (WHOI Helium Isotope Laboratory, 25 August 1995), which is available at http://kopernik.whoi.edu/data/ tps.html; some of these data are also reported in S. E. Wijffels et al., Deep-Sea Res., in press.
7. H. Craig, V. Craig, R. Comer, J. Costello, K. Farley, Eos (fall suppl.) 69, 1478 (1988); J.-L. Cheminée et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 107, 318 (1991).
8. H. Craig, V. Craig, R. Comer, J. Costello, K. Farley, Eos (fall suppl.) 69, 1478 (1988); J.-L. Cheminée et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 107, 318 (1991).
9. A. Malahoff, in Volcanism in Hawaii, R. W. Decker et al., Eos. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987), p. 133; D. M. Karl, G. M. McMurtry, A. Malahoff, M. O. Garcia, Nature 335, 532 (1988); P. N. Sedwick, G. M. McMurtry, J. D, Macdougall, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3643 (1992); F. J. Sansone, C. G. Wheat, G. M. McMurtry, J. E. Lupton, G. P. Klinkhammer, Eos (fall suppl.) 75, 313 (1994).
10. A. Malahoff, in Volcanism in Hawaii, R. W. Decker et al., Eos. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987), p. 133; D. M. Karl, G. M. McMurtry, A. Malahoff, M. O. Garcia, Nature 335, 532 (1988); P. N. Sedwick, G. M. McMurtry, J. D, Macdougall, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3643 (1992); F. J. Sansone, C. G. Wheat, G. M. McMurtry, J. E. Lupton, G. P. Klinkhammer, Eos (fall suppl.) 75, 313 (1994).
11. A. Malahoff, in Volcanism in Hawaii, R. W. Decker et al., Eos. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987), p. 133; D. M. Karl, G. M. McMurtry, A. Malahoff, M. O. Garcia, Nature 335, 532 (1988); P. N. Sedwick, G. M. McMurtry, J. D, Macdougall, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3643 (1992); F. J. Sansone, C. G. Wheat, G. M. McMurtry, J. E. Lupton, G. P. Klinkhammer, Eos (fall suppl.) 75, 313 (1994).
12. A. Malahoff, in Volcanism in Hawaii, R. W. Decker et al., Eos. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987), p. 133; D. M. Karl, G. M. McMurtry, A. Malahoff, M. O. Garcia, Nature 335, 532 (1988); P. N. Sedwick, G. M. McMurtry, J. D, Macdougall, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3643 (1992); F. J. Sansone, C. G. Wheat, G. M. McMurtry, J. E. Lupton, G. P. Klinkhammer, Eos (fall suppl.) 75, 313 (1994).
13. M. D. Kurz, W. J. Jenkins, S. R. Hart, D. A. Clague, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 66, 388 (1983); W. Rison and H. Craig, ibid, p. 407; I. Kaneoka, N. Takaoka, C. A. Clague, ibid., p. 427.
14. M. D. Kurz, W. J. Jenkins, S. R. Hart, D. A. Clague, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 66, 388 (1983); W. Rison and H. Craig, ibid, p. 407; I. Kaneoka, N. Takaoka, C. A. Clague, ibid., p. 427.
15. M. D. Kurz, W. J. Jenkins, S. R. Hart, D. A. Clague, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 66, 388 (1983); W. Rison and H. Craig, ibid, p. 407; I. Kaneoka, N. Takaoka, C. A. Clague, ibid., p. 427.
16. J. E. Lupton, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 11, 371 (1983).
17. H. Craig, J. A. Welhan, D. R. Hilton, Eos (fall suppl.) 68, 1553 (1987).
18. P. N. Sedwick, G. M. McMurtry, D. R. Hilton, F. Goff, Geochim, Cosmochim. Acta 58, 1219 (1994); J. E. Lupton, F. J. Sansone, C. G. Wheat, unpublished data from 1993 Pisces dives on Loihi Seamount.
19. P. N. Sedwick, G. M. McMurtry, D. R. Hilton, F. Goff, Geochim, Cosmochim. Acta 58, 1219 (1994); J. E. Lupton, F. J. Sansone, C. G. Wheat, unpublished data from 1993 Pisces dives on Loihi Seamount.
20. Y. Horibe, K.-R. Kim, H. Craig, Eos (fall suppl.) 64, 724 (1983); K.-R. Kim, H. Craig, Y. Horibe, ibid., p. 724.
21. Y. Horibe, K.-R. Kim, H. Craig, Eos (fall suppl.) 64, 724 (1983); K.-R. Kim, H. Craig, Y. Horibe, ibid., p. 724.
22. H. Saka, et al., Geochem. J. 21, 11 (1987).
23. T. Gamo, J.-I. Ishibashi, H. Sakai, B. Tilbrook, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 2857 (1987).
24. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
25. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
26. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
27. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
28. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
29. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
30. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
31. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
32. The data presented here were collected on nine separate expeditions as follows: TPS-24, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1985; WOCE P4, R.V. Moana Wave, 1989; WOCE P17, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; WOCE P16, R.V. Thomas Washington, 1991; CGC-91, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1991; TT-014, R.V. T. G. Thompson, 1992; WOGE P19C, R.V. Knorr, 1993; S94F, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994; and WOCE P18, NOAA Ship Discoverer, 1994.
33. 4He absolute concentrations. However, because of leakage through the refrigeration clamps, the absolute concentration measurements for the TT-014 samples are accurate to only about 1 to 2%. The mass spectrometer system employed a low-temperature (40°K) charcoal trap to separate helium from neon before analysis.
34. 4He absolute concentrations. However, because of leakage through the refrigeration clamps, the absolute concentration measurements for the TT-014 samples are accurate to only about 1 to 2%. The mass spectrometer system employed a low-temperature (40°K) charcoal trap to separate helium from neon before analysis.
35. M. Kodera, G. Igarashi, M. Ozima, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 87, 266 (1988).
36. -3.
37. E. T. Baker, R. A. Feely, M. J. Mottl, J. E. Lupton, ibid. 128, 1 (1994).
38. J. L. Reid, in Evolution of Physical Oceanography, B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1981), pp. 70-111.
39. V. A. Burkov, R. P. Bulatov, V. G. Neiman, Oceanology 13, 325 (1973).
40. L. Talley, personal communication.
41. K. Yoshida and T. Kidokoro, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn. 23, 88 (1967); ibid., p. 231.
42. K. Yoshida and T. Kidokoro, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn. 23, 88 (1967); ibid., p. 231.
43. J. L. Reid and A. W. Mantyla, J. Phys. Oceanogr. 8, 946 (1978).
44. W. Jenkins, personal communication.
45. J. G. Moore and W. W. Chadwick Jr., in Mauna Loa: A Decade Volcano, J. M. Rhodes and J. P. Lockwood, Eds. (Geophysical Monograph Series, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, in press).
46. I thank K. Roupe, R. Greene, G. Paradis, G. Lebon, C. Massey, and M. Landsteiner for assistance with sample collections at sea; L. Evans, R. Greene, R. Kovar, and G. Paradis for the shore-based sample processing and helium isotope measurements; A. Bobbitt for assistance with the figures; L. Talley, D. Roemmich, J. Swift, J. Bullister, G. Johnson, and G. Cannon, who served as chief scientists on the expeditions involved and provided strong support for the helium work; W. Jenkins for making his WOCE P4 and P16 data available before publication; and L. Talley, J. Reid, and W. Jenkins for helpful discussions. Supported by the NOAA VENTS Program and by grants OCE91-05884 and OCE92-96169 from the Ocean Sciences Division of NSF. This is PMEL contribution number 1698.