Middle to late Paleozoic atmospheric CO2 levels from soil carbonate and organic matter

Science

Volumn 271, Issue 5252, 1996, Pages 1105-1107

  Mora, Claudia I ^a   Driese, Steven G ^a   Colarusso, Lee Ann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON ISOTOPE; CARBONATE; CARBONIFEROUS; ORGANIC MATTER; PALAEOCLIMATE; PALAEOSOL; PERMIAN;

EID: 0029668294     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5252.1105     Document Type: Article

References (39)

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7. R. A. Berner and R. Raiswell, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 855 (1983), L. R. Kump and R M. Garrels, Am. J. Sci. 286, 377 (1986); R. A. Berner and D. E. Canfield, Am. J. Sci. 289, 333 (1989); J. M. Robinson, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 97, 51 (1991)
8. 2 are discussed by J. F. Kasting [Nature 355, 676 (1992)] and R. A. Berner [ibid 358, 114 (1992)].
9. 2 are discussed by J. F. Kasting [Nature 355, 676 (1992)] and R. A. Berner [ibid 358, 114 (1992)].
10. 2, the greater the impact on the isotopic composition of soil carbonate.
11. 2, the greater the impact on the isotopic composition of soil carbonate.
12. 2, the greater the impact on the isotopic composition of soil carbonate.
13. 2, the greater the impact on the isotopic composition of soil carbonate.
14. 2, the greater the impact on the isotopic composition of soil carbonate.
15. Modern soils with these features are commonly (but not exclusively) grouped under the soil order Vertisol, which require a seasonally moist, warm temperate, subtropical or tropical climate with at least 4 to 8 dry months per year [Soil Survey Staff, Soil Taxonomy (U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436, Washington, DC, 1975)].
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18. We note the isotopic distinction between nodules and rhizoliths in >20 different Paleozoic red-bed vertic paleosols; the relation appears to be a general one for paleosols of vertic affinity. Pedogenic carbonate formed in soils subject to a different set of physical processes may not show this distinction.
19. Criteria for differentiating pedogenic, ground-water, and diagenetic carbonates are discussed in C I. Mora, D. E. Fastovsky, S G. Driese, Studies in Geology No. 23 (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 1993).
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24. 13C values of about -23 per mil in the Early Permian, returning to more negative values in the Late Permian.
25. 13C values of about -23 per mil in the Early Permian, returning to more negative values in the Late Permian.
26. 13C values of about -23 per mil in the Early Permian, returning to more negative values in the Late Permian.
27. 13C values of about -23 per mil in the Early Permian, returning to more negative values in the Late Permian.
28. 13C values of about -23 per mil in the Early Permian, returning to more negative values in the Late Permian.
29. 13C values of about -23 per mil in the Early Permian, returning to more negative values in the Late Permian.
30. 2 to analyze with reproducibility of ±0.2 permil Standard deviation about the mean for a given time period was about ±0 5 per mil.
31. C. E. Redding et al., in Advances in Organic Geochemistry, A. C. Douglass and J R. Maxwell, Eds. (Pergamon, London, 1980), pp 711-723.
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33. J. M. Melillo et al., Plant Soil 115, 189 (1989).; D. A Wedin, L L. Tieszen, B. Dewey, J. Pastor, Ecology 76, 1383 (1995).
34. 13C of bulk OM in a soil.
35. W. N. Stewart, Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1983); P. G. Gensel and H. N. Andrews, Plant Life in the Devonian (Praeger, New York, 1984); Am. Sci. 75, 478 (1987).
36. W. N. Stewart, Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1983); P. G. Gensel and H. N. Andrews, Plant Life in the Devonian (Praeger, New York, 1984); Am. Sci. 75, 478 (1987).
37. W. N. Stewart, Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants (Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1983); P. G. Gensel and H. N. Andrews, Plant Life in the Devonian (Praeger, New York, 1984); Am. Sci. 75, 478 (1987).
38. S. G. Driese et al., J. Sediment. Petrol. 62, 825 (1992)
39. We thank the donors of The Petroleum Research Fund grant 25678-AC8 and of the NSF grants EAR-9206540 and EAR-9418183.