메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 258, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 117-135

The 2.3 Å Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Domain of Recombinant Two-chain Human Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator

Author keywords

Catalytic domain; Crystal structure; Fibrinolysis; Serine proteinase; Tissue type plasminogen activator

Indexed keywords

DISULFIDE; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; SERINE PROTEINASE; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; TRYPSIN;

EID: 0029665065     PISSN: 00222836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0238     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (126)

References (104)
  • 1
    • 0025992364 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in catalytic properties of single chain and two chain tissue-type plasminogen activator
    • Andreasen, P. A., Petersen, L. C. & Dano, K. (1991). Diversity in catalytic properties of single chain and two chain tissue-type plasminogen activator. Fibrinolysis, 5, 207-215.
    • (1991) Fibrinolysis , vol.5 , pp. 207-215
    • Andreasen, P.A.1    Petersen, L.C.2    Dano, K.3
  • 2
    • 0000060135 scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of plasminogen, plasminogen activators and plasmin
    • (Bloom, A. L., Forbes, C. D., Thomas, D. P., Tuddenham, E. G. D., eds), Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburgh, London, Madrid, Melbourne, New York and Tokyo
    • Bachmann, F. (1994). Molecular aspects of plasminogen, plasminogen activators and plasmin. In Haemostasis and Thrombosis (Bloom, A. L., Forbes, C. D., Thomas, D. P., Tuddenham, E. G. D., eds), vol. 1, pp. 575-613, Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburgh, London, Madrid, Melbourne, New York and Tokyo.
    • (1994) Haemostasis and Thrombosis , vol.1 , pp. 575-613
    • Bachmann, F.1
  • 3
    • 0029044618 scopus 로고
    • The position of the structurally autonomous kringle 2 domain influences the functional features of tissue-type plasminogen
    • Bakker, A. H. F., Rehberg, E. F., Marotti, K. R. & Verheijen, J. H. (1995). The position of the structurally autonomous kringle 2 domain influences the functional features of tissue-type plasminogen. Protein Eng. 8, 293-300.
    • (1995) Protein Eng. , vol.8 , pp. 293-300
    • Bakker, A.H.F.1    Rehberg, E.F.2    Marotti, K.R.3    Verheijen, J.H.4
  • 5
    • 0026756442 scopus 로고
    • Vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator exhibits a strict and fastidious requirement for polymeric fibrin as its cofactor, unlike human tissue-type plasminogen activator
    • Bergum, P. W. & Gardell, S. J. (1992). Vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator exhibits a strict and fastidious requirement for polymeric fibrin as its cofactor, unlike human tissue-type plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17726-17731.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 17726-17731
    • Bergum, P.W.1    Gardell, S.J.2
  • 7
    • 0023305986 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge-based prediction of protein structures and the design of novel molecules
    • Blundell, T. L., Sibanda, B. L., Sternberg, M. J. E. & Thorton, J. M. (1987). Knowledge-based prediction of protein structures and the design of novel molecules. Nature, 326, 347-352.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 347-352
    • Blundell, T.L.1    Sibanda, B.L.2    Sternberg, M.J.E.3    Thorton, J.M.4
  • 8
    • 0018781771 scopus 로고
    • The transition of bovine trypsinogen to a trypsin-like state upon strong ligand binding. II. the binding of the pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and of isoleucine-valine and of sequentially related peptides to trypsinogen and to p-guanidinobenzoate-trypsinogen
    • Bode, W. (1979). The transition of bovine trypsinogen to a trypsin-like state upon strong ligand binding. II. The binding of the pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and of isoleucine-valine and of sequentially related peptides to trypsinogen and to p-guanidinobenzoate-trypsinogen. J. Mol. Biol. 127, 357-374.
    • (1979) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.127 , pp. 357-374
    • Bode, W.1
  • 9
    • 0002906366 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structures of pancreatic serine endopeptidases
    • (Desnuelle P., ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford
    • Bode, W. & Huber, R. (1986). Crystal structures of pancreatic serine endopeptidases. In Molecular and Cellular Basis of Digestion (Desnuelle P., ed.), pp. 213-234, Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford.
    • (1986) Molecular and Cellular Basis of Digestion , pp. 213-234
    • Bode, W.1    Huber, R.2
  • 10
    • 0026530977 scopus 로고
    • Natural proteinase inhibitors and their interaction with proteinases
    • Bode, W. & Huber, R. (1992). Natural proteinase inhibitors and their interaction with proteinases. Eur. J. Biochem. 204, 433-451.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.204 , pp. 433-451
    • Bode, W.1    Huber, R.2
  • 11
    • 0016796849 scopus 로고
    • The refined crystal structure of bovine β-trypsin at 1.8 Å resolution. II. Crystallographic refinement, calcium binding site, benzamidine binding site and active site at pH 7
    • Bode, W. & Schwager, P. (1975). The refined crystal structure of bovine β-trypsin at 1.8 Å resolution. II. Crystallographic refinement, calcium binding site, benzamidine binding site and active site at pH 7. J. Mol. Biol. 98, 693-717.
    • (1975) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.98 , pp. 693-717
    • Bode, W.1    Schwager, P.2
  • 12
    • 0017138322 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of bovine trypsinogen at 1.8 Å resolution. I. Data collection, application of Patterson search techniques and preliminary structural interpretation
    • Bode, W., Fehlhammer, H. & Huber, R. (1976). Crystal structure of bovine trypsinogen at 1.8 Å resolution. I. Data collection, application of Patterson search techniques and preliminary structural interpretation. J. Mol. Biol. 106, 325-335.
    • (1976) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.106 , pp. 325-335
    • Bode, W.1    Fehlhammer, H.2    Huber, R.3
  • 13
    • 0017893796 scopus 로고
    • The transition of bovine trypsinogen to a trypsin-like state upon strong ligand binding
    • Bode, W., Schwager, P. & Huber, R. (1978). The transition of bovine trypsinogen to a trypsin-like state upon strong ligand binding. J. Mol. Biol. 118, 99-112.
    • (1978) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.118 , pp. 99-112
    • Bode, W.1    Schwager, P.2    Huber, R.3
  • 14
    • 0024431034 scopus 로고
    • The refined 1.9 Å crystal structure of human α-thrombin: Interaction with D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethylketone and significance of the Tyr-Pro-Pro-Trp insertion segment
    • Bode, W., Mayr, I., Baumann, U., Hube, R., Stone, S. R. & Hofsteenge, J. (1989). The refined 1.9 Å crystal structure of human α-thrombin: interaction with D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethylketone and significance of the Tyr-Pro-Pro-Trp insertion segment. EMBO J. 8, 3467-3475.
    • (1989) EMBO J. , vol.8 , pp. 3467-3475
    • Bode, W.1    Mayr, I.2    Baumann, U.3    Hube, R.4    Stone, S.R.5    Hofsteenge, J.6
  • 15
    • 0027050807 scopus 로고
    • The refined 1.9 Å X-ray crystal structure of D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethylketone-inhibited human α-thrombin: Structure analysis, overall structure, electrostatic properties, detailed active-site geometry and structure-function relationships
    • Bode, W., Turk, D. & Karshikov, A. (1992). The refined 1.9 Å X-ray crystal structure of D-Phe-Pro-Arg chloromethylketone-inhibited human α-thrombin: structure analysis, overall structure, electrostatic properties, detailed active-site geometry and structure-function relationships. Protein Sci. 1, 426-471.
    • (1992) Protein Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 426-471
    • Bode, W.1    Turk, D.2    Karshikov, A.3
  • 16
    • 0020491487 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structure of the complex between pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (Kazal-type) and trypsinogen at 1.8 Å resolution. Structure solution, crystallographic refinement and preliminary interpretation
    • Bolognesi, M., Gatti, G., Menegatti, E., Guarneri, M., Marquart, M., Papamokos, E. & Huber, R. (1982). Three-dimensional structure of the complex between pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (Kazal-type) and trypsinogen at 1.8 Å resolution. Structure solution, crystallographic refinement and preliminary interpretation. J. Mol. Biol. 162, 839-868.
    • (1982) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.162 , pp. 839-868
    • Bolognesi, M.1    Gatti, G.2    Menegatti, E.3    Guarneri, M.4    Marquart, M.5    Papamokos, E.6    Huber, R.7
  • 17
    • 0028801352 scopus 로고
    • X-ray structure of clotting factor IXa: Active site and module structure related to Xase activity and haemophilia B
    • Brandstetter, H., Bauer, M., Huber, R., Lollar, P. & Bode, W. (1995). X-ray structure of clotting factor IXa: active site and module structure related to Xase activity and haemophilia B. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 9797-9800.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 9797-9800
    • Brandstetter, H.1    Bauer, M.2    Huber, R.3    Lollar, P.4    Bode, W.5
  • 20
    • 0026597444 scopus 로고
    • Free R value: A novel statistic quantity for assessing the accuracy of crystal structures
    • Brünger, A. T. (1992b). Free R value: a novel statistic quantity for assessing the accuracy of crystal structures. Nature, 355, 472-474.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 472-474
    • Brünger, A.T.1
  • 21
    • 0026338265 scopus 로고
    • Solution structure of the tissue-type plasminogen activator kringle 2 domain complexed to 6-aminohexanoic acid and antifibrinolytic drug
    • Byeon, I.-J. L. & Llinas, M. (1991). Solution structure of the tissue-type plasminogen activator kringle 2 domain complexed to 6-aminohexanoic acid and antifibrinolytic drug. J. Mol. Biol. 222, 1035-1051.
    • (1991) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.222 , pp. 1035-1051
    • Byeon, I.-J.L.1    Llinas, M.2
  • 23
    • 0000625192 scopus 로고
    • Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4
    • CCP4 Suite (1994). Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4. Acta Crystallog. sect. D, 50, 760-763.
    • (1994) Acta Crystallog. Sect. D , vol.50 , pp. 760-763
  • 24
    • 0023923568 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of the inhibition of plasminogen activators by the plasminogen-activator inhibitor
    • Chmielewska, J., Rånby, M. & Wiman, B. (1988). Kinetics of the inhibition of plasminogen activators by the plasminogen-activator inhibitor. Biochem. J. 251, 327-332.
    • (1988) Biochem. J. , vol.251 , pp. 327-332
    • Chmielewska, J.1    Rånby, M.2    Wiman, B.3
  • 25
    • 0029144832 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of fibrinolysis, as relevant for thrombolytic therapy
    • Collen, D. & Lijnen, H. R. (1995). Molecular basis of fibrinolysis, as relevant for thrombolytic therapy Thromb. Haemostasis, 74, 167-171.
    • (1995) Thromb. Haemostasis , vol.74 , pp. 167-171
    • Collen, D.1    Lijnen, H.R.2
  • 26
    • 0023265140 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the human blood coagulation factor XII gene
    • Cool, D. E. & MacGillivray, R. T. A. (1987). Characterization of the human blood coagulation factor XII gene. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 13662-13673.
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.262 , pp. 13662-13673
    • Cool, D.E.1    MacGillivray, R.T.A.2
  • 29
    • 0027732634 scopus 로고
    • Deletion of residues K296-G302 from the slowly-cleared tissue-type plasminogen activator t-PA del(G) leads to partial loss of plasminogen activating activity
    • Dodd, I., Browne, M. J., Chapman, C. G., Cronk, D., Hastwell, C., Wilson, S. & Robinson, J. H. (1993). Deletion of residues K296-G302 from the slowly-cleared tissue-type plasminogen activator t-PA del(G) leads to partial loss of plasminogen activating activity Biologicals, 21, 269-274.
    • (1993) Biologicals , vol.21 , pp. 269-274
    • Dodd, I.1    Browne, M.J.2    Chapman, C.G.3    Cronk, D.4    Hastwell, C.5    Wilson, S.6    Robinson, J.H.7
  • 31
    • 0026584907 scopus 로고
    • A region of tissue plasminogen activator that affects plasminogen activation differentially with various fibrin(ogen)-related stimulators
    • Eastman, D., Wurm, F. M., Van Reis, R. & Higgins, D. L. (1992). A region of tissue plasminogen activator that affects plasminogen activation differentially with various fibrin(ogen)-related stimulators. Biochemistry, 31, 419-422.
    • (1992) Biochemistry , vol.31 , pp. 419-422
    • Eastman, D.1    Wurm, F.M.2    Van Reis, R.3    Higgins, D.L.4
  • 32
    • 79952608525 scopus 로고
    • Accurate bond and angle parameters for X-ray protein structure refinement
    • Engh, R. A. & Huber, R. (1991). Accurate bond and angle parameters for X-ray protein structure refinement. Acta Crystallog. sect. A, 47, 392-400.
    • (1991) Acta Crystallog. Sect. A , vol.47 , pp. 392-400
    • Engh, R.A.1    Huber, R.2
  • 33
    • 0017348682 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of bovine trypsinogen at 1.8 a resolution. II. Crystallographic refinement, refined crystal structure and comparison with bovine trypsin
    • Fehlhammer, H., Bode, W. & Huber, R. (1977). Crystal structure of bovine trypsinogen at 1.8 A resolution. II. Crystallographic refinement, refined crystal structure and comparison with bovine trypsin. J. Mol. Biol. 111, 415-438.
    • (1977) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.111 , pp. 415-438
    • Fehlhammer, H.1    Bode, W.2    Huber, R.3
  • 34
    • 0014965896 scopus 로고
    • Chymotrypsinogen: 2.5-Å crystal structure, comparison with α-chymotrypsin, and implications for zymogen activation
    • Freer, S. T., Kraut, J., Robertus, J. D., Wright, H. T. & Xuong, N. H. (1970). Chymotrypsinogen: 2.5-Å crystal structure, comparison with α-chymotrypsin, and implications for zymogen activation. Biochemistry, 9, 1997-2009.
    • (1970) Biochemistry , vol.9 , pp. 1997-2009
    • Freer, S.T.1    Kraut, J.2    Robertus, J.D.3    Wright, H.T.4    Xuong, N.H.5
  • 37
    • 0023250642 scopus 로고
    • Human complement factor I: Analysis of cDNA-derived primary structure and assignment of its gene to chromosome 4
    • Goldberger, G., Bruns, G. A. P., Rits, M., Edge, M. D. & Kwiatkowski, D. J. (1987). Human complement factor I: analysis of cDNA-derived primary structure and assignment of its gene to chromosome 4. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10065-10071.
    • (1987) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.262 , pp. 10065-10071
    • Goldberger, G.1    Bruns, G.A.P.2    Rits, M.3    Edge, M.D.4    Kwiatkowski, D.J.5
  • 38
    • 0027954224 scopus 로고
    • Study of tissue-type plasminogen activator binding sites on fibrin using distinct fragments of fibrinogen
    • Grailhe, P., Nieuwenhuizen, W. & Angles-Cano, E. (1994). Study of tissue-type plasminogen activator binding sites on fibrin using distinct fragments of fibrinogen. Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 961-967.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.219 , pp. 961-967
    • Grailhe, P.1    Nieuwenhuizen, W.2    Angles-Cano, E.3
  • 39
    • 77956905650 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic elastase
    • (Boyer P. D., ed.), Academic Press, New York and London
    • Hartley, B. S. & Shotton, D. M. (1971). Pancreatic elastase. In The Enzymes (Boyer P. D., ed.), pp. 323-373, Academic Press, New York and London.
    • (1971) The Enzymes , pp. 323-373
    • Hartley, B.S.1    Shotton, D.M.2
  • 40
    • 0023993963 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the enzymatic domain of t-PA
    • Heckel, A. & Hasselbach, K. M. (1988). Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the enzymatic domain of t-PA. J. Comput-Aid Mol. Des. 2, 7-14.
    • (1988) J. Comput-Aid Mol. Des. , vol.2 , pp. 7-14
    • Heckel, A.1    Hasselbach, K.M.2
  • 41
    • 0026520387 scopus 로고
    • Converting trypsin to chymotrypsin: The role of surface loops
    • Hedstrom, L., Szilagy, L. & Rutter, W. J. (1992). Converting trypsin to chymotrypsin: the role of surface loops. Science, 255, 1249-1253.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 1249-1253
    • Hedstrom, L.1    Szilagy, L.2    Rutter, W.J.3
  • 42
    • 0021225302 scopus 로고
    • Purification of human tissue plasminogen activator with Erythrina trypsin inhibitor
    • Heussen, C., Joubert, F. & Dowdle, E. B. (1984). Purification of human tissue plasminogen activator with Erythrina trypsin inhibitor. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11635-11638.
    • (1984) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.259 , pp. 11635-11638
    • Heussen, C.1    Joubert, F.2    Dowdle, E.B.3
  • 43
    • 0023503121 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of one-chain and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator with intact and plasmin-degraded fibrin
    • Higgins, D. L. & Vehar, G. A. (1987). Interaction of one-chain and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator with intact and plasmin-degraded fibrin. Biochemistry, 26, 7786-7791.
    • (1987) Biochemistry , vol.26 , pp. 7786-7791
    • Higgins, D.L.1    Vehar, G.A.2
  • 44
    • 0026742439 scopus 로고
    • A zymogenic tissue plasminogen-activator variant - The Phe305His mutation suppresses fibrin(ogen) stimulated plasminogen activation by one chain t-PA
    • Higgins, D. L., Young, S. L., Powers, D. B. & Anderson, S. (1992). A zymogenic tissue plasminogen-activator variant - the Phe305His mutation suppresses fibrin(ogen) stimulated plasminogen activation by one chain t-PA. Fibrinolysis, 6, 161-166.
    • (1992) Fibrinolysis , vol.6 , pp. 161-166
    • Higgins, D.L.1    Young, S.L.2    Powers, D.B.3    Anderson, S.4
  • 46
    • 0020472522 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator. Role of fibrin
    • Hoylaerts, M., Rijken, D. C., Lijnen, H. R. & Collen, D. (1982). Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator. Role of fibrin. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2912-2919.
    • (1982) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.257 , pp. 2912-2919
    • Hoylaerts, M.1    Rijken, D.C.2    Lijnen, H.R.3    Collen, D.4
  • 47
    • 0027999830 scopus 로고
    • Tissue-type plasminogen activator domain-deletion mutant BM 06.022: Modular stability inhibitor binding, and activation cleavage
    • Hu, C.-K., Kohnert, U., Wilhelm, O., Fischer, S. & Llinas, M. (1994). Tissue-type plasminogen activator domain-deletion mutant BM 06.022: modular stability inhibitor binding, and activation cleavage. Biochemistry, 3, 11760-11766.
    • (1994) Biochemistry , vol.3 , pp. 11760-11766
    • Hu, C.-K.1    Kohnert, U.2    Wilhelm, O.3    Fischer, S.4    Llinas, M.5
  • 48
    • 33947092515 scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of the activation and action of trypsin
    • Huber, R. & Bode, W. (1978). Structural basis of the activation and action of trypsin. Acc. Chem. Res. 11, 114-122.
    • (1978) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 114-122
    • Huber, R.1    Bode, W.2
  • 49
    • 0016291686 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the complex formed by bovine trypsin and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. II. Crystallographic refinement at 1.9 Å resolution
    • Huber, R., Kukla, D., Bode, W., Schwager, P., Bartels, K., Deisenhofer, J. & Steigemann, W. (1974). Structure of the complex formed by bovine trypsin and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. II. Crystallographic refinement at 1.9 Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 89, 73-101.
    • (1974) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 73-101
    • Huber, R.1    Kukla, D.2    Bode, W.3    Schwager, P.4    Bartels, K.5    Deisenhofer, J.6    Steigemann, W.7
  • 50
    • 84889120137 scopus 로고
    • Improved methods for building protein models in eletron density maps and location of errors in these models
    • Jones, T. A., Zou, J.-Y., Cowan, S. W & Kjeldgaard, M. (1991). Improved methods for building protein models in eletron density maps and location of errors in these models. Acta Crystallog. sect. A, 47, 110-119.
    • (1991) Acta Crystallog. Sect. A , vol.47 , pp. 110-119
    • Jones, T.A.1    Zou, J.-Y.2    Cowan, S.W.3    Kjeldgaard, M.4
  • 51
    • 0023568135 scopus 로고
    • The primary structure of the inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator found in the seeds of Erythrina caffra
    • Joubert, F.J. & Dowdle, E.B. (1987). The primary structure of the inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator found in the seeds of Erythrina caffra. Thromb. Haemostas, 57, 356-360.
    • (1987) Thromb. Haemostas , vol.57 , pp. 356-360
    • Joubert, F.J.1    Dowdle, E.B.2
  • 53
    • 0027507724 scopus 로고
    • A variant of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) comprised of the kringle 2 and the protease domain shows a significant difference in the in vitro rate of plasmin formation as compared to the recombinant human t-Pa from transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells
    • Kohnert, U., Horsch, B. & Fischer, S. (1993). A variant of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) comprised of the kringle 2 and the protease domain shows a significant difference in the in vitro rate of plasmin formation as compared to the recombinant human t-PA from transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells. Fibrinolysis, 7, 365-372.
    • (1993) Fibrinolysis , vol.7 , pp. 365-372
    • Kohnert, U.1    Horsch, B.2    Fischer, S.3
  • 54
    • 0029971782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recombinant Escherichia coli-derived protease domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator is a potent and fibrin specific fibrinolytic agent
    • in the press
    • Kohnert, U., Hellerbrand, K., Martin, U., Stern, A., Popp, F. & Fischer, S. (1996). The recombinant Escherichia coli-derived protease domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator is a potent and fibrin specific fibrinolytic agent. Fibrinolysis, 10, in the press.
    • (1996) Fibrinolysis , vol.10
    • Kohnert, U.1    Hellerbrand, K.2    Martin, U.3    Stern, A.4    Popp, F.5    Fischer, S.6
  • 55
    • 0026244229 scopus 로고
    • MOLSCRIPT: A program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures
    • Kraulis, P. J. (1991). MOLSCRIPT: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallog. 24, 946-950.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Crystallog. , vol.24 , pp. 946-950
    • Kraulis, P.J.1
  • 56
    • 0000243829 scopus 로고
    • PROCHECK: A program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures
    • Laskowski, R. A., MacArthur, M. W., Moss, D. S. & Thorton, J. M. (1993). PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallog. 26, 283-291.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Crystallog. , vol.26 , pp. 283-291
    • Laskowski, R.A.1    MacArthur, M.W.2    Moss, D.S.3    Thorton, J.M.4
  • 58
    • 0023139217 scopus 로고
    • 2Cl, a synthetic urokinase inhibitor, with single-chain and two-chain forms of urokinase-type plasminogen activator
    • 2Cl, a synthetic urokinase inhibitor, with single-chain and two-chain forms of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Eur. J. Biochem. 162, 351-356.
    • (1987) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.162 , pp. 351-356
    • Lijnen, H.R.1    Van Hoef, B.2    Collen, D.3
  • 60
    • 0001099937 scopus 로고
    • Traitement statistique des erreurs dans la determination des structures cristallines
    • Luzzati, V. (1952). Traitement statistique des erreurs dans la determination des structures cristallines. Acta Crystallog. 5, 802-810.
    • (1952) Acta Crystallog. , vol.5 , pp. 802-810
    • Luzzati, V.1
  • 61
    • 0027933043 scopus 로고
    • Probing structure-function relationships of tissue-type plasminogen activator by site-specific mutagenesis
    • Madison, E. L. (1994). Probing structure-function relationships of tissue-type plasminogen activator by site-specific mutagenesis. Fibrinolysis, 8, 221-236.
    • (1994) Fibrinolysis , vol.8 , pp. 221-236
    • Madison, E.L.1
  • 64
  • 65
    • 0027496219 scopus 로고
    • Converting tissue plasminogen activator to a zymogen: A regulatory triad of Asp-His-Ser
    • Madison, E. L., Kobe, A., Gething, M.-J., Sambrook, J. F. & Goldsmith, E. J. (1993). Converting tissue plasminogen activator to a zymogen: a regulatory triad of Asp-His-Ser. Science, 262, 419-421.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 419-421
    • Madison, E.L.1    Kobe, A.2    Gething, M.-J.3    Sambrook, J.F.4    Goldsmith, E.J.5
  • 66
    • 0028923753 scopus 로고
    • Substrate specificity of tissue-type plasminogen activator
    • Madison, E. L., Coombs, G. S. & Corey, D. R. (1995). Substrate specificity of tissue-type plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7558-7562.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 7558-7562
    • Madison, E.L.1    Coombs, G.S.2    Corey, D.R.3
  • 67
    • 0025342633 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of an extremely large ligand-induced conformational change in plasminogen
    • Mangel, W. F., Lin, B. & Ramakrishnan, V. (1990). Characterization of an extremely large ligand-induced conformational change in plasminogen. Science, 48, 69-73.
    • (1990) Science , vol.48 , pp. 69-73
    • Mangel, W.F.1    Lin, B.2    Ramakrishnan, V.3
  • 69
    • 0028057108 scopus 로고
    • Raster3D version 2.0 - A program for photorealistic molecular graphics
    • Merrit, E. A. & Murphy, M. E. P. (1994). Raster3D version 2.0 - A program for photorealistic molecular graphics. Acta Chrysallog. sect. D, 50, 869-873.
    • (1994) Acta Chrysallog. Sect. D , vol.50 , pp. 869-873
    • Merrit, E.A.1    Murphy, M.E.P.2
  • 70
    • 0027289115 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNa for a human serine protease responsible for activation of hepatocyte growth factor
    • Miyazawa, K., Shimomura, T., Kitamura, A., Kondo, J., Morimoto, Y. & Kitamura, N. (1993). Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for a human serine protease responsible for activation of hepatocyte growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 10024-10028.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 10024-10028
    • Miyazawa, K.1    Shimomura, T.2    Kitamura, A.3    Kondo, J.4    Morimoto, Y.5    Kitamura, N.6
  • 71
    • 0027203695 scopus 로고
    • 1 alteplase, and streptokinase following intravenous bolus injection in a rabbit model of carotid artery thrombosis
    • 1 alteplase, and streptokinase following intravenous bolus injection in a rabbit model of carotid artery thrombosis. Fibrinolysis, 7, 284-290.
    • (1993) Fibrinolysis , vol.7 , pp. 284-290
    • Muschick, P.1    Zeggert, D.2    Donner, P.3    Witt, W.4
  • 72
    • 84920325457 scopus 로고
    • AMoRe: An automated package for molecular replacement
    • Navaza, J. (1994). AMoRe: an automated package for molecular replacement. Acta Crystallog. sect. A, 50, 157-163.
    • (1994) Acta Crystallog. Sect. A , vol.50 , pp. 157-163
    • Navaza, J.1
  • 73
    • 0000732609 scopus 로고
    • GRASP-graphical representation and analysis of surface properties
    • Nicholls, A., Bharadwaj, R. & Honig, B. (1993). GRASP-graphical representation and analysis of surface properties. Biophys. J. 64, A166.
    • (1993) Biophys. J. , vol.64
    • Nicholls, A.1    Bharadwaj, R.2    Honig, B.3
  • 74
    • 0026696175 scopus 로고
    • Conformational similarities between one-chain and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA): Implications to the activation mechanism on one-chain t-PA
    • Nienaber, V. L., Young, S. L., Birktof, J. J., Higgins, D. L. & Berliner, L. J. (1992). Conformational similarities between one-chain and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA): implications to the activation mechanism on one-chain t-PA. Biochemistry, 31, 3852-3861.
    • (1992) Biochemistry , vol.31 , pp. 3852-3861
    • Nienaber, V.L.1    Young, S.L.2    Birktof, J.J.3    Higgins, D.L.4    Berliner, L.J.5
  • 75
    • 0025784015 scopus 로고
    • Domain structure and domain-domain interactions of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
    • Novokhatny, V. V., Ingham, K. C. & Medved, L. V. (1991). Domain structure and domain-domain interactions of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 12944-13002.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 12944-13002
    • Novokhatny, V.V.1    Ingham, K.C.2    Medved, L.V.3
  • 76
    • 0025977085 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of a Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from Erythrina caffra seeds
    • Onesti, S., Brick, P. & Blow, D. M. (1991). Crystal structure of a Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from Erythrina caffra seeds. J. Mol. Biol. 217, 153-176.
    • (1991) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.217 , pp. 153-176
    • Onesti, S.1    Brick, P.2    Blow, D.M.3
  • 78
  • 79
    • 0025572423 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the nomenclature of mutant fibrinolytic genes and their proteins
    • Pannekoek, H., Lijnen, H. R. & Loskutoff, D. J. (1990). Recommendations for the nomenclature of mutant fibrinolytic genes and their proteins. Thromb. Haemostas, 64, 600-603.
    • (1990) Thromb. Haemostas , vol.64 , pp. 600-603
    • Pannekoek, H.1    Lijnen, H.R.2    Loskutoff, D.J.3
  • 83
    • 0028914722 scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of substrate specificity in the serine proteases
    • Perona, J. J. & Craik, C. S. (1995). Structural basis of substrate specificity in the serine proteases. Protein Sci. 4, 337-360.
    • (1995) Protein Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 337-360
    • Perona, J.J.1    Craik, C.S.2
  • 84
    • 0025248410 scopus 로고
    • Quenching of the amidolytic activity of one-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator by mutation of lysine-416
    • Petersen, L. C., Boel, E., Johannessen, O. & Foster, D. (1990). Quenching of the amidolytic activity of one-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator by mutation of lysine-416. Biochemistry, 23, 3451-3457.
    • (1990) Biochemistry , vol.23 , pp. 3451-3457
    • Petersen, L.C.1    Boel, E.2    Johannessen, O.3    Foster, D.4
  • 85
    • 0021774475 scopus 로고
    • Tissue plasminogen activator: Peptide analyses confirm an indirectly derived amino acid sequence, identify the active site serine residue, establish glycosylation sites and localize variant differences
    • Pohl, G., Källström, M., Bergsdorf, N., Wallen, P. & J. Jörnvall, H. (1984). Tissue plasminogen activator: peptide analyses confirm an indirectly derived amino acid sequence, identify the active site serine residue, establish glycosylation sites and localize variant differences. Biochemistry, 23, 3701-3707.
    • (1984) Biochemistry , vol.23 , pp. 3701-3707
    • Pohl, G.1    Källström, M.2    Bergsdorf, N.3    Wallen, P.4    Jörnvall, J.H.5
  • 86
    • 84944812409 scopus 로고
    • Improved Fourier coefficients for maps using phases from partial structures with errors
    • Read, J. M. (1986). Improved Fourier coefficients for maps using phases from partial structures with errors. Acta Crystallog. sect. A, 42, 140-149.
    • (1986) Acta Crystallog. Sect. A , vol.42 , pp. 140-149
    • Read, J.M.1
  • 87
    • 0026795616 scopus 로고
    • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 binds to fibrin and inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated fibrin dissolution
    • Reilly, C. F. & Hutzelmann, J. E. (1992). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 binds to fibrin and inhibits tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated fibrin dissolution. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 17128-17135.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 17128-17135
    • Reilly, C.F.1    Hutzelmann, J.E.2
  • 88
    • 0014211618 scopus 로고
    • On the size of the active site in proteases. I. Papain
    • Schechter, I. & Berger, A. (1967). On the size of the active site in proteases. I. Papain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 27, 157-162.
    • (1967) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.27 , pp. 157-162
    • Schechter, I.1    Berger, A.2
  • 90
    • 0027490731 scopus 로고
    • Recognition of errors in the three-dimensional structures of proteins
    • Sippl, M. J. (1993). Recognition of errors in the three-dimensional structures of proteins. Proteins: Struct. Funct. Genet, 17, 355-362.
    • (1993) Proteins: Struct. Funct. Genet , vol.17 , pp. 355-362
    • Sippl, M.J.1
  • 91
    • 0029645288 scopus 로고
    • The solution structure and backbone dynamics of the fibronectin type I and epidermal growth factor-like pair of modules of tissue-type plasminogen activator
    • Smith, B. O., Downing, A. K., Driscoll, P. C., Dudgeon, T. J. & Campbell, I. D. (1995). The solution structure and backbone dynamics of the fibronectin type I and epidermal growth factor-like pair of modules of tissue-type plasminogen activator. Structure, 3, 823-833.
    • (1995) Structure , vol.3 , pp. 823-833
    • Smith, B.O.1    Downing, A.K.2    Driscoll, P.C.3    Dudgeon, T.J.4    Campbell, I.D.5
  • 93
    • 0011871845 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the PROTEin program system for the X-ray structure analysis of biological macromolecules
    • (Moras, D., Podjarny, A. D. & Thiery J. C., eds), Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Steigemann, W. (1991). Recent advances in the PROTEIN program system for the X-ray structure analysis of biological macromolecules. In Crystallographic Computing (Moras, D., Podjarny, A. D. & Thiery J. C., eds), vol. 5, pp. 115-125, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1991) Crystallographic Computing , vol.5 , pp. 115-125
    • Steigemann, W.1
  • 95
    • 0028804819 scopus 로고
    • Variants of tissue-type plasminogen activator with substantially enhanced response and selectivity toward fibrin co-factors
    • Strandberg, L. & Madison, E. L. (1995). Variants of tissue-type plasminogen activator with substantially enhanced response and selectivity toward fibrin co-factors. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23444-23449.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 23444-23449
    • Strandberg, L.1    Madison, E.L.2
  • 96
    • 0027081333 scopus 로고
    • Mapping of the catalytic site of CHO-t-PA and the t-PA variant BM 06.022 by synthetic inhibitors and substrates
    • Stürzebecher, J., Neumann, U., Kohnert, U., Kresse, G.-B. & Fischer, S. (1992). Mapping of the catalytic site of CHO-t-PA and the t-PA variant BM 06.022 by synthetic inhibitors and substrates. Protein Sci. 1, 1007-1013.
    • (1992) Protein Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 1007-1013
    • Stürzebecher, J.1    Neumann, U.2    Kohnert, U.3    Kresse, G.-B.4    Fischer, S.5
  • 97
    • 0029150189 scopus 로고
    • Variants of tissue-type plasminogen activator which display substantially enhanced stimulation by fibrin
    • Tachias, K. & Madison, E. L. (1995). Variants of tissue-type plasminogen activator which display substantially enhanced stimulation by fibrin. J. Biol. Cell, 270, 18319-18322.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Cell , vol.270 , pp. 18319-18322
    • Tachias, K.1    Madison, E.L.2
  • 98
    • 0027957725 scopus 로고
    • Site-directed mutagenesis of the synthetic Erythrina trypsin/tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) inhibitor encoding-gene to compare the interaction of Erythrina and soybean trypsin inhibitor with t-PA
    • Teixera, A. V., Dowdle, E. B. D. & Botes, D. P. (1994). Site-directed mutagenesis of the synthetic Erythrina trypsin/tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) inhibitor encoding-gene to compare the interaction of Erythrina and soybean trypsin inhibitor with t-PA. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1217, 23-28.
    • (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1217 , pp. 23-28
    • Teixera, A.V.1    Dowdle, E.B.D.2    Botes, D.P.3
  • 99
    • 85030022005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turk, D. (1992). PhD thesis, Technische Universität München
    • Turk, D. (1992). PhD thesis, Technische Universität München.
  • 100
    • 0344564905 scopus 로고
    • Autonomous functions of structural domains of human tissue-type plasminogen activator
    • Van Zonneveld, A. J., Veerman, H. & Pannekoek, H. (1986). Autonomous functions of structural domains of human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 4670-4674.
    • (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 4670-4674
    • Van Zonneveld, A.J.1    Veerman, H.2    Pannekoek, H.3
  • 101
    • 0023054164 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of finger domain and kringle 2 domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator in fibrin binding and stimulation of activity by fibrin
    • Verheijen, J. H., Caspers, M. P. M., Chang, G. T. G., De Munk, G. A. W., Pouwels, P. H. & Enger-Valk, B. E. (1986). Involvement of finger domain and kringle 2 domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator in fibrin binding and stimulation of activity by fibrin. EMBO J. 5, 3525-3530.
    • (1986) EMBO J. , vol.5 , pp. 3525-3530
    • Verheijen, J.H.1    Caspers, M.P.M.2    Chang, G.T.G.3    De Munk, G.A.W.4    Pouwels, P.H.5    Enger-Valk, B.E.6
  • 102
    • 84987485465 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of a melanoma cell plasminogen activator
    • Wallen, P., Pohl, G., Bersdorf, N., Rånby M., Ny, T. & Jörnvall, H. (1983). Purification and characterization of a melanoma cell plasminogen activator. Eur. J. Biochem. 182, 681-686.
    • (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.182 , pp. 681-686
    • Wallen, P.1    Pohl, G.2    Bersdorf, N.3    Rånby, M.4    Ny, T.5    Jörnvall, H.6
  • 103
    • 0021930156 scopus 로고
    • Bovine chymotrypsinogen A. X-ray crystal structure analysis and refinement of a new crystal form at 1.8 Å resolution
    • Wang, D., Bode, W. & Huber, R. (1985). Bovine chymotrypsinogen A. X-ray crystal structure analysis and refinement of a new crystal form at 1.8 Å resolution. Mol. Biol. 185, 595-624.
    • (1985) Mol. Biol. , vol.185 , pp. 595-624
    • Wang, D.1    Bode, W.2    Huber, R.3
  • 104
    • 0024467392 scopus 로고
    • Effects of N-glycosylation on in vitro activity of Bowes melanoma and human colon fibroblast derived tissue plasminogen activator
    • Wittwer, A. J., Howard, S. C., Carr, L. S., Harakas, N. K., Feder, J., Parekh, R. B. Rudd, P. M., Dwek, R. A. & Rademacher, T. W. (1989). Effects of N-glycosylation on in vitro activity of Bowes melanoma and human colon fibroblast derived tissue plasminogen activator. Biochemistry, 28, 7662-7669.
    • (1989) Biochemistry , vol.28 , pp. 7662-7669
    • Wittwer, A.J.1    Howard, S.C.2    Carr, L.S.3    Harakas, N.K.4    Feder, J.5    Parekh, R.B.6    Rudd, P.M.7    Dwek, R.A.8    Rademacher, T.W.9


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.