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note
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125l-labeled protein A at 0.5 μCi/ml (Amersham).
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5 cells per 3.5-cm well and transfected with 2 νg of the indicated β-catenin cDNA plasmid with the use of 10 μl of Lipofectamine reagent (BRL, Gibco) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). The next day the medium was changed to DMEM with serum, and the cells were cultured for 1 day before selection in G418 (400 μg/ml) for 3 to 4 weeks. Purified GSK3β and APC25 were produced as in (19). The affinity precipitation of β-catenin from SW 480 cell lysates by purified GSK3β was performed by addition of 2 μg of GSK3β protein to 150 μl of lysate. After a 2-hour incubation at 40°C, the GSK3β was recovered on Glu-Glu antibody coupled to protein G-Sepharose and then analyzed by immunoblotting (20).
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32P]ATP (10,000 cpm/pmol) was included in the reactions, and radioactive protein was collected by vacuum filtration over nitrocellulose filters. Phosphorylations in Fig. 4B were performed with unlabeled ATP and the phosphoproteins were repurified before being used for affinity precipitation of in vitro-translated β-catenin (wheat germ TNT system, Promega) (13).
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We thank B. Souza and D. Lowe for help with production of recombinant proteins and F. McCormick for critical reading of the manuscript.
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