A review of hydraulics in fluidized-bed biological filters

Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 1161-1173

  Summerfelt, S T ^a   Cleasby, J L ^b  

^a Freshwater Institute Shepherdstown   (United States)

^b Iowa State University of Science and Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

Aquaculture; Biofilter; Expansion; Fluidize; Hydraulic

Indexed keywords

AQUACULTURE; FILTERS; FLUIDIZED BEDS-LIQUID/SOLID; HYDRAULICS;

EID: 0029663524     PISSN: 00012351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Ahmed, N. and D. K. Sunada. 1969. Nonlinear flow in porous media. J. of the Hydraulics Div., Proc. of the ASCE 95HY6:1847.
2. Alleman, J. E. and K. Preston. 1991. Behavior and physiology of nitrifying bacteria, 1-13 In Proc. of Regional Workshop on Commercial Fish Culture Using Water Recirculating Systems, ed. L. Swann. Normal: Illinois State Univ.
3. American Waterworks Association (AWWA). 1989. ANSI/AWWA B100-89. AWWA standard for filtering material. Denver, Colo.: AWWA.
4. _. 1990. Water Treatment Plant Design, 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
5. Bird, R. B., W. E. Stewart and E. N. Lightfoot. 1960. Transport Phenomena. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
6. Blake, F. E. 1922. The resistance of packing to fluid flow. Transactions of the Am. Inst. Chem. Engr. 14:415.
7. Brillouin, M. 1907. Lecons sur la viscosite des liquides et des gaz. Paris, France: Gauthier-Villars.
8. Bullock, G., J. Hankins, J. Heinen, C. Starlipper and J. Teska. 1993. Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies on a fluidized sand biofilter used in a semi-closed trout culture system. Biological Rep. 17. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
9. Burden, D. G. 1988. Development and design of a fluidized bed/upflow sand filter configuration for use in recirculating aquaculture systems. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
10. Burden, D. G. and R. F. Malone. 1988. Fluidized bed nitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems. J. of the World Aquaculture Soc. 9(1):19.
11. Burke, S. P. and W. B. Plummer. 1928. Industrial and Eng. Chem. 20:1196.
12. Carman, P. C. 1937. Fluid flow through granular beds. Transactions of the Inst. of Chem. Engr. 15:150.
13. Chang, H. T., B. E. Rittman, D. Amar, R. Heim, O. Ehlinger and Y. Lesty. 1991. Biofilm detachment mechanisms in a liquid-fluidized bed. Biotechnol. and Bioeng. 38(5):499-506.
14. Cleasby, J. L. 1977. Backwashing of granular filters. J. AWWA 69(2):115.
15. _. 1990. Filtration. In Water Quality and Treatment, 4th Ed., ed. F. W. Pontius, AWWA. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.
16. Cleasby, J. L. and C. W. Woods. 1975. Intermixing of dual and multi-media granular filters. J. AWWA 67(4):197.
17. Cleasby, J. L. and K. S. Fan. 1981. Predicting fluidization and expansion of filter media. J. Environ. Eng. Div. ASCE 107(EE3):455.
18. Colt, J., K. Orwicz and G. Bouck. 1991. Water quality considerations and criteria for high-density fish culture with supplemental oxygen. Am. Fisheries Soc. Symp. 10:299-305.
19. Cooley, P. E. 1979. Nitrification of fish-hatchery reuse water utilizing low-density polyethylene beads as a fixed film media type. M.S. thesis, Idaho State Univ., Moscow.
20. Cooper, P. F. and B. Atkinson, eds. 1981. Biological Fluidized Bed Treatment of Water and Wastewater. Chichester, England: Water Research Centre, Ellis Horwood Limited.
21. Darcy, H. P. G. 1856. Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de Dijon. Paris, France: Victor Dalmont. English translation by J. J. Fried. Water Resources Bull., Am. Water Resources Assoc. 1:4-9 (1965).
22. Denn, M. M. 1980. Process Fluid Mechanics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
23. Dharmarajah, A. H. 1986. Effect of particle shape on prediction of velocity-voidage relationship in fluidized solid-liquid systems. Ph.D. diss., Iowa State Univ., Ames.
24. Dharmarajah, A. H. and J. L. Cleasby. 1986. Predicting the expansion of filter media. J. AWWA 78(12):66.
25. Dullien, F. 1975. Single phase flow through porous media and pore structure. Chem. Eng. J. 10(1):1.
26. Ergun, S. 1952a. Determination of geometric surface area of crushed porous solids. Anal. Chem. 24(2):388.
27. _. 1952b. Fluid flow through packed columns. Chem. Eng. Progress 48(2):89.
28. Ergun, S. and A. A. Orning. 1949. Fluid flow through randomly packed columns and fluidized beds. Industrial and Eng. Chem. 41(6):1179.
29. Fair, G. M, J. C. Geyer and D. A. Okun. 1968. Water and Wastewater Engineering, vol. 2. New York: Wiley.
30. Fan, K.-S. 1981. Sphericity and fluidization of granular filter media. M.S. thesis, Iowa State Univ., Ames.
31. Forchheimer, P. 1901. Wasserbewegung durch Boden. Forschrift Ver. D. Ing. 45:1782.
32. Geldart, D. 1990. Estimation of the basic particle properties for use in fluid-particle process calculations. Powder Technol. 60(1):1-13.
33. Greenkorn, R. A. 1981. Steady-flow through porous media. AICHE J. 27(4):529.
34. Heinen, J. M. and J. A. Hankins. 1991. Evaluation of recirculating fish culture systems utilizing cross-flow raceways, multi-stage oxygenators, microscreen particulate filters, and fluidized-bed biofilters. J. of the World Aquaculture Soc. 22(3):29.
35. Heywood, H. 1947. The scope of particle size analysis and standardization. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engr. 25:14.
36. Jewell, W. J. 1990, Fundamentals and advances in expanded bed reactors for wastewater treatment. In Wastewater Treatment by Immobilized Cells, eds. R. D. Tyagi and K. Vembu, 223-252. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press.
37. Jewell, W. J. and R. J. Cummings. 1989. Expanded bed treatment of complete recycle aquaculture systems. In Proc. Recent Advances in Biofilm Reactors, Int. Assoc. on Water Pollution and Control. Nice, France, 4-6 April.
38. Losordo, T. M. and P. W. Westerman. 1991. An analysis of biological, economic and engineering factors affecting the cost of fish production in recirculating aquaculture systems. In Proc. Workshop on Design of High Density Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Lousiana State University, 25-27 September.
39. Malone, R. F. and D. G. Burden. 1988. Design of recirculating soft crawfish shedding systems. Louisiana Sea Grant College Program. Baton Rouge: Center for Wetland Resources. Louisiana State Univ.
40. Manem, J. A. and B. E. Rittman. 1992. The effects of fluctuations in biodegradable organic matter on nitrification filters. J. AWWA 84(4):147-151.
41. Montgomery, J. M. (Consulting Engineers, Inc.). 1985. Water Treatment Principles and Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
42. Owsley, D. E., J. S. Jeris and R. Owens. 1988. Ammonia removal allows effluent reuse at fish-hatchery using fluidized bed reactors. In Proc. of the 43rd Purdue Industrial Waste Conf., 449-457. Chelsea, Mich.: Lewis Publishers.
43. Paller, M. H. and W. M. Lewis. 1988. Use of ozone and fluidized-bed biofilters for increased ammonia removal and fish loading rates. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 50(3):141-147.
44. Perry, R. H. and C. H. Chilton. 1973. Chemical Engineers Handbook, 5th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
45. Reynolds, O. 1900. Papers on Mechanical and Physical Subjects. Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ. Press.
46. Richardson, J. F. and W. N. Zaki. 1954. Sedimentation and Fluidization Part I. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engr. 32:35.
47. Rittmann, B. E. 1982. Comparative performance of biofilm reactor types. Biotechnol. and Bioeng. 24(6):1341-1370.
48. Schneebeli, G. 1955. Experiences sur la limite de validite de la turbulence dans un ecoulement de filtration. La Houille Blanch 2(March-April):141.
49. Shieh, W. K., P. M. Sutton and P. Kos. 1981. Predicting reactor biomass concentration in a fluidized-bed system. J. WPCF 53(11):1574-1584.
50. Silberman, E. 1965. Discussion of Ward's turbulent flow in porous media paper. J. of the Hydraulics Div., Proc. of the ASCE 91:HY1:236.
51. Sutton, P. M. and P. N. Mishra. 1991. Biological fluidized beds for wastewater treatment: A state-of-the-art review. Water Environment & Technol. 3(8):52-56.
52. Thomasson, M. P. 1991. Nitrification in fluidized bed sand filters for use in recirculating aquaculture systems. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
53. Van Toever, J. W. 1991. Pellet media to support growth of microorganisms and systems for utilization of same. U.S. Patent No. 5,055,186.
54. Waddell, H. 1934. The coefficient of resistance as a function of Reynolds number for solids of various shapes. J. Franklin Inst. 217:459.
55. Ward, J. C.. 1964. Turbulent flow in porous media. J. of the Hydraulics Div., Proc. of the ASCE 90:HY5:1.
56. Watten, B. J. 1993. Personal Communication. Nat. Biological Survey, Wellsboro, Pa.
57. Weaver, D. E. 1991. Performance of fine sand fluidized bed, 18-23, In Proc. Design of High-Density Recirculating Aquaculture Systems, Louisiana Sea Grant College Program Pub. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ.
58. Weber, W. J. 1972. Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
59. Wen, C. Y. and Y. H. Yu. 1966. Mechanics of fluidization. In Chemical Engineering Progress Symp., Series 62. New York: Am. Inst. of Chemical Engr.
60. Wimberly, D. M. 1990. Development and evaluation of a low-density media biofiltration unit for use in recirculating finfish culture systems. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
61. Worden, R. M. and T. L. Donaldson. 1987. Dynamics of biological fluidized film for phenol degradation in a fluidized-bed bioreactor. Biotechnol. and Bioengin. 30:398-412.