Race/ethnicity, the social environment, and health

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 83-91

  Lillie Blanton, Marsha ^a   Laveist, Thomas ^a,b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Minority health; Neighborhood condition; Race ethnicity; Social environment

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ETHNOLOGY; HEALTH; HUMAN; POLICY; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED STATES;

HEALTH IMPACT; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; RACIAL GROUP; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS;

USA;

EID: 0029663366     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00337-1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Illich I. Medical Nemesis: The Exploration of Health. Chalder and Boyars, London, 1975.
2. McKinlay J. and McKinlay S. (1977) The questionable contribution of medical measures to the decline of mortality in the United States in the twentieth century. Milbank Mem. Fund Q. 55, 405.
3. LaVeist T. (1994) Beyond sample selection, stratification and dummy variables: what health services researchers ought to know about race as a variable. HSR: Hlth Serv. Res. 29, 1.
4. Williams D. R. (1994) The concept of race in health services research. HSR: Hlth Serv. Res. 29, 261.
5. Jones C. P., LaVeist T. A. and Lillie-Blanton M. (1991) Race in the epidemiologic literature: an examination of the American Journal of Epidemiology, 1921-1990. Am. J. Epidemiol. 134, 1079.
6. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1992, 112th edn, p. 21. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1992.
7. LaVeist T., Williams D., Jones C. and Lillie-Blanton M. The frequency, centrality, and analytic uses of race in medical sociology. Paper presented at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Association of Health Services Research, June 1992.
8. Cooper R. and David R. (1986) The biological concept of race and its application to public health and epidemiology. J. hlth Politics, Policy Law 11, 97.
9. Krieger N. (1987) Shades of difference: theoretical underpinnings of the medical controversy on black/ white differences in the United States, 1830-1870. Int. J. hlth Serv. 17, 259.
10. Schneider J. (1986) Rewriting the SES: demographic patterns and divorcing families. Soc. Sci. Med. 23, 211.
11. Johnson J. and Hall E. Social support in the work environment and cardiovascular disease. In Social Support and Cardiovascular Disease (Edited by Shumaker S. and Czajkowski S.). Plenum Press, New York, 1994.
12. Robinson J. (1985) Racial and occupational health in the United States: The effects of job discrimination. Int. J. hlth Serv. 15, 23.
13. Bullard R. and Wright B. (1987) Environmentalism and the politics of equity: emergent trends in the black community. Mid-Am. Rev Social. 12, 21.
14. LaVeist T. (1993) Segregation, poverty, and empowerment: health consequences for african americans. Milbank Mem. Fund 1, 1.
15. Lillie-Blanton M., Martinez R., Taylor A. and Robinson B. (1993) Latino and african american women: continuing disparities in health. Int. J. hlth Serv. 23, 555.
16. U.S. General Accounting Office. Citing of Hazardous Waste Landfills and Their Correlation with Racial and Economic Status of Surrounding Communities. U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington, 1983.
17. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Poverty in the United States. 1990. Series P-60 No. 175, 1991.
18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Report of the Secretary's Task Force in Black and Minority Health. 1:Executive Summary. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, 1985.
19. Hollingshead A. and Redlich F. Social Class and Mental Illness. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1958.
20. Kitagawa E. and Hauser P. Differential Mortality in the United States: A Study in Socioeconomic Epidemiology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1973.
21. Marmot M. and McDowall M. (1986) Mortality decline and widening social inequalities. Lancet. 2, 8501, 274.
22. Williams D. (1990) Socioeconomic differentials in health: a review and redirection. Soc. Psychol. Q. 53, 81.
23. Haan M. and Kaplan G. The contribution of socioeconomic position to minority Health. In Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Black and Minority Health, Vol. 2. pp. 69-103. U.S. DHHS, Washington DC, 1986.
24. Neighbors H. (1984) The distribution of psychiatric morbidity in black americans: a review and suggestions for research. Commun. Mental Hlth J. 20, 3, 5.
25. Neff A. (1984) Race differences in psychological distress: the effect of ses, urbanicity, and management strategy. Am. J. Commun. Psychol. 12, 3, 337.
26. Navarro V. (1990) Race or class or race and class: growing mortality differentials in the United States. The Lancet 336, 8725, 1238.
27. Lerner M. and Henderson L. A. Income and race differentials in heart disease mortality in Baltimore City, 1979-81 to 1984-86. In Health Status of Minorities and Low-Income Groups, 3rd Edn. GPO: 1991 271-848/ 40085, 1991.
28. Lerner M. and Henderson L. A. Cancer mortality among the disadvantaged in Baltimore City by income and race: update from 1979-81 to 1984-86. In Health Status of Minorities and Low-Income Groups, 3rd Edn. GPO:1991 271-848/40085, 1991.
29. Otten M., Jr, Teutsch S. and Williamson D. et al. (1990) The effect of known risk factors on the excess mortality of black adults in the United States. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 263, 845.
30. Rogers R. (1992) Living and dying in the U.S.A.: sociodemographic determinants of death among blacks and whites. Demography 29, 2, 287.
31. Pappas G., Queen S., Hadden W. and Fisher G. (1993) The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the U.S., 1960 and 1986. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 103.
32. Bassett M. and Krieger N. (1986) Social class and black-white differences in breast cancer survival. Am. J. publ. Hlth 76, 1400.
33. Klag M., Whelton P., Coresh J., Grim C. and Kuller L. (1991) The association of skin color with blood pressure in U.S. blacks with low socioeconomic status. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 256, 599.
34. Whittle J. C., Whelton P., Seidler A. and Klag M. (1991) Does racial variation in risk factors explain black-white differences in the incidence of hypertensive end-stage renal disease?. Arch. Intern. Med. 151, 1359.
35. Lieberman E., Ryan K., Monson R. and Schoenbaum S. (1987) Risk factors accounting for racial differences in the rate of premature birth. N. Engl. J. Med. 317, 743.
36. Kleinman J. and Kessel S. Racial differences in low birthweight: trends and risk factors. N. Engl. J. Med. 317, 749, 1987.
37. Schoendorf K., Hogue J., Kleinman J. and Rowley D. (1992) Mortality among infants of black as compared to white college-educated parents. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 1522.
38. Starfield B., Shapiro S., Weiss J., Liang, K., Ra K., Paige D. and Wang X. (1991) Race, family income, and low birthweight. Am. J. Epidemiol. 134(10), 1167.
39. Rawlings J. and Weir M. (1992) Race-and rank-specific infant mortality in a US military population. AJDC 146, 313.
40. Lillie-Blanton M., Anthony J. and Schuster C. (1993) Probing the meaning of racial/ethic differences in crack cocaine. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 269, 8, 993.
41. Hahn R., Mulinare J. and Teutsch S. (1992) Inconsistencies in coding of race and ethnicity between birth and death in U.S. infants: a new look at infant mortality, 1983 through 1985. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 267, 2, 259.