Design, construction and operation of flux measurement systems using the conditional sampling technique

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 30, Issue 18, 1996, Pages 3209-3220

  Beverland, I J ^a,b   Oneill D H ^a   Scott, S L ^a   Moncrieff, J B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atmosphere surface exchange; Carbon dioxide; Conditional sampling; Methane; Micrometeorology; Non methane hydrocarbons; Relaxed eddy accumulation; Trace gas fluxes

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; HYDROCARBON; METHANE; NITROUS OXIDE;

ACCURACY; AGRICULTURE; AIR SAMPLING; AIRCRAFT; ARTICLE; BOUNDARY LAYER; COMPUTER SYSTEM; COVARIANCE; ECOSYSTEM; FOREST; GAS ANALYSIS; GAS MIXING; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL AREA; UNITED KINGDOM;

GAS; SAMPLING;

ATMOSPHERE/LAND EXCHANGE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CONDITIONAL SAMPLING METHOD; EDDY ACCUMULATION; FLUX MEASUREMENT; HYDROCARBON; METHANE; RELAXED EDDY ACCUMULATION; TRACE GAS;

CARBON DIOXIDE; COMPUTER APPLICATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; FORESTRY; METEOROLOGY; METHANE; NITROGEN OXIDES; SAMPLING;

AGRICULTURAL LAND; ATMOSPHERE SURFACE EXCHANGE; MICROMETEOROLOGY; PEATLAND; RELAXED EDDY ACCUMULATION; TRACE GAS FLUXES;

EARTH ATMOSPHERE;

EID: 0029663042     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00010-6     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Baker J. M., Norman J. M. and Bland W. L. (1992) Field scale application of flux measurement by conditional sampling. Agric. Forest Met. 62, 31-52.
2. Baldocchi D. D., Hicks B. B. and Meyers T. P. (1988) Measuring biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of biologically related gases with micrometeorological methods. Ecology 65, 1331-1340.
3. Beier N. (1991) Measuring fluxes of chemical components by eddy accumulation. Proc. 7th Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, New Orleans, LA, 13-18 January, pp. 1-5, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
4. Beverland I. J., Milne R., ONéill D. H., Boissard C., Moncrieff J. B. and Hewitt N. C. (1996a) Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide fluxes from a Sitka Spruce forest using micrometeorological techniques. J. geophys. Res. (submitted).
5. Beverland I. J., Moncrieff J. B., ONéill D. H., and Milne R. (1996b) Measurement of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from peatland ecosystems by conditional sampling techniques. Q. Jl R. Met. Soc. (accepted).
6. Boissard C., Hewitt N. C., Street R. A., Duckham S. C., Cao X. L., Milne R., Fowler D., Beverland I. J. and Moncrieff J. B. (1996) Quantitative determination of non-methane hydrocarbon fluxes from a Sitka Spruce plantation using bag enclosures, gradient flux and relaxed eddy accumulation (conditional sampling) methods. J. geophys. Res. (submitted).
7. Buckley D. J., Desjardins R. L., Lalonde J. L. M. and Brunke R. (1988) A linearized fast response gas sampling apparatus for eddy accumulation studies. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2, 243-250.
8. Businger J. A. and Delaney A. C. (1990) Chemical sensor resolution required for measuring surface fluxes by three common micrometeorological techniques. J. atmos. Chem. 10, 390-410.
9. Businger J. A. and Oncley S. P. (1990) Flux measurement by conditional sampling. J. atmos. Oceanic Technol. 7, 349-352.
10. Choularton T. W., Gallagher M. W., Bower K. N., Fowler D., Zahniser M. S. and Kaye A. (1995) Trace gas flux measurements at the landscape scale using boundary layer budgets. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A Phys. Sci. Engng 351, 357-368.
11. Delaney A. C., Oncley S. P. and Businger J. A. (1991) Adapting the conditional sampling for a range of different chemical species. Proc. 7th Symp on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, pp. 22-25. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
12. Desjardins R. L. (1977) Description and evaluation of a sensible heat flux detector. Boundary-Layer Met. 11, 147-154.
13. Fowler D. and Duyzer J. H. (1989) Micrometeorological techniques for the measurement of trace gas exchange. In Exchange of Trace Gases Between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere (edited by Andreae M. O. and Schimel D. S.), pp. 189-207. Wiley, Chichester.
14. 4 from peatlands in Scotland. Q. Jl R. Met. Soc. (in preparation).
15. Gallagher M. W., Choularton T. W., Bower K. N., Stromberg I. M., Beswick K. M., Fowler D. and Hargreaves K. J. (1994) Measurement of methane fluxes on the landscape scale from a wetland area in north Scotland. Atmospheric Environment 28, 2421-2430.
16. Garratt J. R. (1992) The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
17. Hargreaves K. J., Fowler D., Milne R., Zahniser M. S., Storeton-West R. L. and Gallagher M. W. (1996a) The exchange of methane and carbon dioxide over the flow country in Caithness and Sutherland. Q. Jl R. Met. Soc. (in preparation).
18. Hargreaves K. J., Skiba U., Beverland I. J., Fowler D. and Moncrieff J. B. (1996b) Measurement of nitrous oxide emission from agricultural land using micrometeorological techniques. J. geophys. Res. (in preparation).
19. Hicks B. B. and McMillen R. T. (1984) A simulation of the eddy accumulation method for measuring pollutant fluxes. J. Climate Appl. Met. 23, 637-643.
20. Jarvis P. G. and Sandford A. P. (1985) The measurement of carbon dioxide in air. In Instrumentation for Environmental Physiology (edited by Marshall B. and Woodward F. I.), pp. 29-57. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
21. Lamb B., Westberg H., Allwine G. and Quarles T. (1985) Biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from decidous and coniferous trees in the United States. J. geophys. Res. 90, 2380-2390.
22. MacPherson J. I. and Desjardins R. L. (1991) Airborne tests of flux measurement by the relaxed eddy accumulation technique. Proc. 7th Symp on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, New Orleans, LA, 13-18 January, pp. 6-11. American Meteorological Society, Boston.
23. Majewski M., Desjardins R. L., Rochette P., Pattey E., Selber J. and Glotfelty D. (1993) Field comparison of an eddy accumulation and an aerodynamic-gradient system for measuring pesticide volatilization fluxes. Envir. Sci. Technol. 27, 121-128.
24. Milne R., Beverland I. J. and Moncrieff J. B. (1996) Interpretation of dimensionless beta factor in the conditional sampling equation. Boundary-Layer Met. (in preparation).
25. Moncrieff J. B., Verma S. B. and Cook D. R. (1992) Intercomparison of eddy correlation carbon dioxide sensors during FIFE 1989. J. geophys. Res. 97, 18,725-18,730.
26. Neumann H. H., Hartog den G. and Guise-Bagley L. F. (1989) Evaluation of a digital valve eddy accumulator using water vapour flux measurements and numerical simulations of its performance. Atmospheric Environment 23, 1305-1313.
27. Oncley S. P., Delaney A. C., Horst T. W. and Tans P. P. (1993) Verification of flux measmurement using relaxed eddy accumulation. Atmospheric Environment 27, 2417-2426.
28. 2 flux measurements. Boundary-Layer Met. 66, 341-355.
29. Shuttleworth W. J., Gash J. H. C., LLoyd C. R., McNeill D. D., Moore C. J. and Wallace J. S. (1988) An integrated micrometeorological system for evaporation measurement. Agric. Forest Met. 43, 295-317.
30. 2O emission fluxes from a wheat crop using micrometeorological techniques. Proc. 8th Nitrogen Workshop, Ghent.
31. Speer R. E., Peterson K. A., Ellestad T. G. and Durham J. L. (1985) Test of a prototype eddy accumulator for measuring atmospheric vertical fluxes of water vapour and particulate sulfate. J. geophys. Res. 90, 2119-2122.
32. 2 exchange inferred from simultaneous flux measurements over a wheat canopy. In: General Assessment of Biogenic Emissions and Deposition of Nitrogen Compounds, Sulphur Compounds and Oxidants in Europe. Proc. Joint CEC/BIATEX Workshop, Aveiro, Portugal (edited by Slanina J., Angeletti G. and Beilke S.), pp. 173-190. Air Pollution Research Report no. 47, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
33. 4 over the central west Siberia lowland - airborne measurements of greenhouse gases over Siberia III. Proc. Int. Symp. on Global Cycles of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases, 7-10 March 1994, Sendai, Japan, pp. 9-21. Tohoku University, Japan.
34. Webb E. K., Pearman G. I. and Leuning R. (1980) Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer. Q. Jl R. Met. Soc. 106, 85-100.
35. Whalen S. C. and Reeburgh W. S. (1990) Consumption of atmospheric methane by tundra soils. Nature 346, 160-162.