Exit from G2 phase after 2 Gy gamma irradiation is faster in radiosensitive human cells with high expression of the RAF1 proto-oncogene

Radiation Research

Volumn 146, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 485-493

  Warenius, Hilmar M ^a   Jones, Matthew D ^a   Thompson, Christopher C M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RAF PROTEIN; ONCOPROTEIN; PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE;

ARTICLE; CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; CELL LINE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GAMMA IRRADIATION; HISTOGRAM; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTO ONCOGENE; RADIOSENSITIVITY; GAMMA RADIATION; GENETICS; MITOSIS; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE;

RODENTIA;

CELL LINE; G2 PHASE; GAMMA RAYS; HUMANS; MITOSIS; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-RAF; PROTO-ONCOGENES; RADIATION TOLERANCE; TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL ACETATE;

EID: 0029661835     PISSN: 00337587     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3579548     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. R. B. Painter and J. S. Robertson, Effect of radiation and theory of role of mitotic delay on the time course of labeling HeLa S3 cells with tritiated thymidine. Radiat. Res. 11, 206-217 (1959).
2. M. Yamada and T. T. Puck, Action of irradiation on mammalian cells. IV. Reversible mitotic lag in the HeLa S3 cell produced by low doses of x-rays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 47, 1181-1191 (1961).
3. C. K. Yu and W. K. Sinclair, Mitotic delay and chromosomal aberrations induced by x-rays in synchronized Chinese hamster cells in vitro. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 39, 619-632 (1967).
4. D. B. Leeper, M. H. Schneiderman and W. C. Dewey, Radiation-induced division delay in synchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells in monolayer culture. Radiat. Res. 50, 401-417 (1972).
5. J. Denekamp, Cell kinetics and radiation biology. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 49, 357-380 (1986).
6. R. A. Walters and D. F. Petersen, Radiosensitivity of mammalian cells. I. Timing and dose-dependency of radiation-induced division delay. Biophys. J. 8, 1475-1486 (1968).
7. D. B. Leeper, M. H. Schneiderman and W. C. Dewey, Radiation-induced division delay in synchronized Chinese hamster cells: Comparison between DNA synthesis and division. Radiat. Res. 53, 326-337 (1973).
8. G. F. Whitmore, C. P. Stanners, J. E. Till and N. S. Gulyas, Nucleic acid synthesis and the division cycle in X-irradiated L-strain mouse cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 47, 66-77 (1961).
9. J. B. Little, Irradiation of primary human amnion cultures. Effects on DNA synthesis and progression through the cell cycle. Radiat. Res. 44, 674-699 (1970).
10. S. Bachetti and W. K. Sinclair, The effect of X-rays on the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins in synchronized Chinese hamster cells. Radiat. Res. 45, 598-612 (1971).
11. R. A. Tobey, Different drugs arrest cells at a number of distinct stages in G2. Nature 254, 245-247 (1975).
12. R. Rowley, Radiation-induced mitotic delay: A genetic characterization in the fission yeast. Radiat. Res. 132, 144-152 (1992).
13. T. A. Weinert and L. H. Hartwell, The RAD9 gene controls the cell cycle response to DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 241, 317-322 (1988).
14. R. H. Scheistl, P. Reynolds, S. Prakash and L. Prakash, Cloning and sequence analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9 gene and further evidence that its product is required for cell cycle arrest induced by DNA damage. Mol. Cell Biol. 9, 1882-1896 (1989).
15. R. A. Walters, L. R. Gurley and R. A. Tobey, Effects of caffeine on radiation-induced phenomena associated with cell-cycle traverse of mammalian cells. Biophys. J. 14, 99-117 (1974).
16. L. J. Tolmach, R. W. Jones and P. M. Busse, The action of caffeine on X-irradiated HeLa cells. Radiat. Res. 71, 653-665 (1977).
17. S. H. Kim, M. S. Khil, S. Ryu and J. H. Kim, Enhancement of radiation response on human carcinoma cells in culture by pentoxifyllene. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 25, 61-65 (1992).
18. 2 arrest. Radiat. Res. 76, 292-307 (1978).
19. G. Iliakis, L. Metzger, R. J. Muschel and W. G. McKenna, Induction and repair of double strand breaks in radiation-resistant cells obtained by transformation of primary rat embryo cells with the oncogenes H-ras and v-myc. Cancer Res. 50, 6575-6579 (1990).
20. 2 delay in radiation-resistant cells obtained by transformation of primary rat embryo cells with the oncogenes H-ras and v-myc. Radiat. Res. 125, 283-287 (1991).
21. L. N. Su and J. B. Little, Prolonged cell cycle delay in radioresistant human cell lines transfected with activated ras oncogene and/or simian virus 40 T-antigen. Radiat. Res. 133, 73-79 (1993).
22. M. Jung and A. Dritschilo, Modification of the radiosensitivity of human testicular cancer cells by simian virus 40 sequences. Radiat. Res. 140, 186-190 (1994).
23. T. J. FitzGerald, S. Henault, M. Sakaeeny, M. A. Santucci, J. H. Pierce, P. Anklesaria, K. Kase, I. Das and J. S. Greenberger, Expression of transfected recombinant oncogenes increases radiation resistance of clonal hematopoietic and fibroblast cell lines selectively at clinical low dose. Radiat. Res. 122, 44-52 (1990).
24. T. J. FitzGerald, M. A. Santucci, P. K. Anklesaria, L. Das, K. Kase, J. H. Pierce and J. S. Greenberger, The v-abl, c-fms or v-myc oncogene induces gamma radiation resistance of hematopoietic progenitor cell line 32d CL 3 at clinical low dose rate. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 21, 1203-1210 (1991).
25. U. Kasid, A. Pfeifer, R. R. Weichselbaum, A. Dritschilo and G. E. Mark, The raf oncogene is associated with a radiation-resistant laryngeal cancer. Science 237, 1039-1041 (1987).
26. E. H. Chang, K. F. Pirollo, Z. Q. Zou, H. Y. Cheung, E. L. Lawler, R. Garner, E. White, W. B. Bernstein, J. W. Fraumeni, Jr. and W. A. Blattner, Oncogenes in radioresistant, noncancerous skin fibroblasts from a cancer-prone family. Science 237, 1036-1038 (1987).
27. K. F. Pirollo, R. Garner, S. Y. Yuan, L. Li, W. A. Blattner and E. H. Chang, Raf involvement in the simultaneous genetic transfer of the radioresistant and transforming phenotypes. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 55, 783-796 (1989).
28. R. Hesketh, The Oncogene Handbook, pp. 366-377. Academic Press, London, 1994.
29. U. R. Rapp, G. Heidecker, M. Huleihel, J. L. Cleveland, W. C. Choi, T. Pawson, J. N. Ihle and W. B. Anderson, Raf family serine/threonine protein kinase in mitogen signal transduction. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 53, 173-184 (1988).
30. B. E. Kemp and R. B. Pearson, Protein kinase recognition sequence motifs. Trends Biol. Sci. 15, 342-346 (1990).
31. W. Kolch, G. Heidecker, G. Kochs, R. Hummel, H. Vahidl, H. Mischak, G. Finkenzeller, D. Marme and U. Rapp, Protein kinase Ca activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation. Nature 364, 249-252 (1993).
32. J. R. Fabian, I. O. Daar and D. K. Morrison, Critical tyrosine residues regulate the enzymatic and biological activity of raf-1 kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 7170-7179 (1993).
33. A. B. Vojtek, S. M. Hollenberg and J. A. Cooper, Mammalian ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase raf. Cell 74, 205-214 (1993).
34. S. Kharbanda, A. Saleem, Y. Emoto, R. Stone, U. Rapp and D. Kufe, Activation of Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases during monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 872-878 (1994).
35. H. M. Warenius, P. G. W. Browning, R. A. Britten, J. A. Peacock and U. R. Rapp, C-raf-1 proto-oncogene expression relates to radiosensitivity rather than radioresistance. Eur. J. Cancer 30A, 369-375 (1994).
36. +) fast neutrons and 4 MeV photons. Radiother. Oncol. 30, 83-89 (1994).
37. B. Fertil and E. P. Malaise, Inherent cellular radiosensitivity as a basic concept for human tumor radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 7, 621-629 (1981).
38. J. Deacon, M. J. Peckham and G. G. Steel, The radioresponsiveness of human tumours and the initial slope of the cell survival curve. Radiother. Oncol. 2, 317-323 (1984).
39. N. Cheong, Y. Wang, M. Jackson and G. Iliakis, Radiation-sensitive irs mutants rejoin DNA double-strand breaks with efficiency similar to that of parental V79 cells but show altered response to radiation-induced G2 delay. Mutat. Res. 274, 111-122 (1992).
40. H. Nagasawa, P. Keng, R. Harley, W. Dahlberg and J. B. Little, Relationship between γ-ray-induced G2/M delay and cellular radiosensitivity. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 66, 373-379 (1994).
41. M. F. M. A. Smeets, E. H. M. Mooren and A. C. Begg, The effect of radiation on G2 blocks, cyclin B expression and cdc2 expression in human carcinoma lines with different radiosensitivities. Radiother. Oncol. 33, 217-227 (1994).
42. A. J. Mcllwrath, P. A. Vasey, G. M. Ross and R. Brown, Cell cycle arrest and radiosensitivity of human tumor cell lines: Dependence on wild-type p53 for radiosensitivity. Cancer Res. 54, 3718-3722 (1994).
43. T. Kinsella, A. Russo, G. Morstyn and E. Glatstein, The use of halogenated thymidine analogs as clinical radiosensitizers: rationale, current status and future prospects - non-hypoxic cell sensitizers. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 10, 1399-1406 (1984).
44. J. B. Mitchell, G. Morstyn, A. Russo, T. J. Kinsella, A. Fornace, S. McPherson and E. Glatstein, Differing sensitivity to fluorescent light in Chinese hamster cells containing equally incorporated quantities of BUdR versus IUdR. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 10, 1447-1451 (1984).
45. I. E. A. van Oostrum, S. Erkens-Schulze, M. Pettersen, I. S. Wilss and D. H. Rutgers, The relationship between radiosensitivity and cell kinetics after low- and high-dose-rate irradiation in five human tumors in nude mice. Radiat. Res. 122, 252-261 (1990).
46. R. Hesketh, The Oncogene Handbook, pp. 368-369. Academic Press, London, 1994.
47. N. S. Magnuson, T. Beck, H. Vahidi, H. Hahn, U. Smola and U. R. Rapp, The raf-1 serine/threonine protein kinase. Semin. Cancer Biol. 5, 247-253 (1994).
48. J. L. Cleveland, J. Troppmair, G. Packham, D. S. Askew, P. Lloyd, M. Gonzalez-Garcia, G. Nunez, J. N. Ihle and U. R. Rapp, v-raf suppresses apoptosis and promotes the growth of interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cells. Oncogene 9, 2217-2226 (1994).
49. J. V. Ruderman, MAP kinase and the accumulation of quiescent cells. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5, 207-213 (1993).
50. E. A. Elion, B. Satterberg and J. E. Kranz, FUS3 phosphorylates multiple components of the mating signal transduction cascade: evidence for STE12 and FAR1. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 495-510 (1993).
51. 1/S cell cycle mediators in cellular senescence. Exp. Cell Res. 209, 231-237 (1993).
52. H. Heider, C. Hug and J. M. Lucocq, A 40-kDa myelin basic protein kinase, distinct from erk1 and erk2, is activated in mitotic HeLa cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 513-520 (1994).
53. K. Galactionov, C. Jessus and D. Beach, Raf1 interaction with Cdc25 phosphatase ties mitogenic signal transduction to cell cycle activation. Genes Dev. 9, 1046-1058 (1995).
54. N. Short, Cycles of growth and destruction. Nature 372, 497 (1994). [News and Views]
55. P. Nurse, Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature 344, 503-508 (1990).
56. C. Norbury, J. Blow and P. Nurse, Regulatory phosphorylation of the p34cdc2 protein kinase in vertebrates. EMBO J. 10, 3321-3329 (1991).
57. R. Hass, H. Gunji, M. Hirano, R. Weichselbaum and D. Kufe, Phorbof ester-induced monocytic differentiation is associated with G2 delay and down-regulation of cdc25 expression. Cell Growth Diff. 4, 159-166 (1993).
58. C. S. Downes, A. Ryan and R. T. Johnson, Radiokinetic cell cycle delay induced by tetranodecanoyl phorbol acetate is enhanced by caffeine and by the protein kinase inhibitor 2 aminopurine. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 61, 6368 (1992).