Pollination, adaptation and speciation models in the Cape flora of South Africa

Taxon

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 59-66

  Johnson, Steven D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; POLLINATION; POLLINATOR; SPECIATION;

SOUTH AFRICA, CAPE PROVINCE;

EID: 0029661583     PISSN: 00400262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1222585     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Armbruster, W. S. 1985. Patterns of character divergence and the evolution of reproductive ecotypes in Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). Evolution 39: 733-752.
2. Arroyo, M. T. K., Primack, R. & Armesto, J. 1982. Community studies in pollination ecology in the high temperate Andes of central Chile. 1. Pollination mechanisms and altitudinal variation. Amer. J. Bot. 69: 82-97.
3. Baum, D. 1992. Phylogenetic species concepts. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 1-2.
4. Bell, G. 1985. On the function of flowers. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B, Biol. Sci. 224: 223-265.
5. Bierzychudek, P. 1981. Pollinator limitation of plant reproductive effort. Amer. Naturalist 117: 838-840.
6. Burd, M. 1994. Bateman's principle and plant reproduction: the role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 60: 83-139.
7. Campbell, D. R. 1991. Effects of floral traits on sequential components of fitness in Ipomopsis aggregata. Amer. Naturalist 137: 713-737.
8. Carson, H. L. 1985. Unification of speciation theory in plants and animals. Syst. Bot. 10: 380-390.
9. Charnov, E. 1979. Simultaneous hermaphroditism and sexual selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 2480-2484.
10. Chase, M. W. 1986. Pollination ecology of two sympatric, synchronously flowering species of Leochilus in Costa Rica. Lindleyana 1: 141-147.
11. Cowling, R. M. 1987. Fire and its role in coexistence and speciation in Gondwanan shrublands. S. African J. Sci. 83: 106-111.
12. - & Holmes, P. M. 1992. Endemism and speciation in a lowland flora from the Cape floristic region. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 47: 367-383.
13. - , Straker, C. J. & Deignan, M. T. 1990. Does microsymbiont-host specificity determine plants species turnover and speciation in Gondwanan shrublands? A hypothesis. S. African J. Sci. 86: 118-120.
14. Cracraft, J. 1989. Speciation and its ontology: the empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding patterns and processes of differentiation. Pp. 28-59 in: Otte, D. & Endler, J. (ed.), Speciation and its consequences. Sunderland.
15. Cruden, R. W. 1972. Pollination in high elevation ecosystems: relative effectiveness of birds and bees. Science 176: 1439-1440.
16. Dobzhansky, T. 1937. Genetics and the origin of species. New York.
17. Eckenwalder, J. E. & Barrett, S. C. H. 1986. Phylogenetic systematics of Pontederiaceae. Syst. Bot. 11: 373-391.
18. Ehleringer, J. R. & Clark, C. 1988. Evolution and adaptation in Encelia. Pp. 221-248 in: Gottlieb, L. D. & Jain, S. K. (ed.), Plant evolutionary biology. London.
19. Gill, D. E. 1989. Fruiting failure, pollinator inefficiency and speciation in orchids. Pp. 456-481 in: Otte, D. & Endler, J. A. (ed.), Speciation and its Consequences. Sunderland.
20. Goldblatt, P. 1991. A overview of the systematics, phylogeny and biology of the African Iridaceae. Contr. Bolus Herb. 13: 1-74.
21. - & Bernhardt, P. 1990. Pollination biology of Nivenia (Iridaceae) and the presence of heterostylous self-incompatibility. Israel J. Bot. 39: 93-111.
22. Grant, V. 1949. Pollination systems as isolating mechanisms in angiosperms. Evolution 3: 82-97.
23. - 1993. Origin of floral isolation between ornithophilous and sphingophilous plant species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90: 7729-7733.
24. - 1994. Modes and origins of mechanical and ethological isolation in angiosperms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. U. S. A. 91: 3-10.
25. Grant, V. & Grant, K. A. 1965. Flower pollination in the phlox family. New York.
26. Herrera, C. M. 1988. Variation in mutualisms: the spatio-temporal mosaic of a pollinator assemblage. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 35: 95-125.
27. - 1990. The adaptedness of the floral phenotype in a relict endemic, hawkmoth-pollinated violet. 1. Reproductive correlates of floral variation. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 40: 263-274.
28. Johnson, S. D. 1992. Plant-animal relationships. Pp. 175-205 in: Cowling, R. M. (ed.), The ecology of fynbos: nutrients, fire and diversity. Cape Town.
29. - 1994a. Evidence for Batesian mimicry in a butterfly-pollinated orchid. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 53: 91-104.
30. - 1994b. Pollination and the evolution of floral traits - selected studies in the Cape flora. Cape Town.
31. - & Bond, W. J. 1992. Habitat dependent pollination success in a Cape orchid. Oecologia 91: 455-456.
32. - &- 1994. Red flowers and butterfly pollination in the fynbos of South Africa. Pp. 137-148 in: Arianoutsou, M. & Groves, R. H. (ed.), Plant-animal interactions in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Dordrecht.
33. - , Ellis, A., Carrick, P., Swift, A., Horner, N., Rensburg, S. J. van & Bond, W. J. 1993. Moth pollination and rhythms of advertisement and reward in Crassula fascicularis (Crassulaceae). S. African J. Bot. 59: 511-513.
34. Johnston, M. O. 1991. Natural selection on floral traits in two species of Lobelia with different pollinators. Evolution 45: 1468-1479.
35. Kiester, A. R., Lande, R. & Schemske, D. W. 1984. Models of coevolution and speciation in plants and their pollinators. Amer. Naturalist 124: 220-243.
36. Levin, D. A. 1971. The origin of reproductive isolating mechanisms in flowering plants. Taxon 20: 91-113.
37. Linder, H. P. 1981. Taxonomic studies on the Disinae III. A revision of Disa Berg. excluding sect. Micranthae. Contr. Bolus Herb. 9: 1-370.
38. - 1985. Gene flow, speciation and species diversity patterns in a species-rich area: the Cape flora. Pp. 53-57 in: Vrba, E. S. (ed.), Species and speciation. Pretoria.
39. - & Vlok, J. H. 1991. The morphology, taxonomy and evolution of Rhodocoma (Restionaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 175: 139-160.
40. Mayr, E. 1963. Animal species and evolution. Cambridge, MS.
41. - 1992. A local flora and the biological species concept. Amer. J. Bot. 79: 222-238.
42. Nelson, G. 1989. Species and taxa: systematics and evolution. Pp. 60-81 in: Otte, D. & Endler, J. A. (ed.), Speciation and its consequences. Sunderland.
43. Olesen, J. M. 1992. How do plants reproduce on their range margins? Pp. 217-221 in: Thanos, C. A. (ed.), Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Mediterranean climate Ecosystems. Athens.
44. Oliver, E. G. H. 1991. The Ericoideae (Ericaceae) - a review. Contr. Bolus Herb. 13: 158-208.
45. Ornduff, R. 1969. Reproductive biology in relation to systematics. Taxon 18: 121-244.
46. Paterson, H. E. H. 1985. The recognition concept of species. Pp. 21-29 in: Vrba, E. S. (ed.), Species and speciation. Pretoria.
47. - 1986. Environment and species. S. African J. Sci. 82: 63-65.
48. Paulus, H. F., & Glack, C. 1990. Pollination of Ophrys (Orchidaceae) in Cyprus. Pl. Syst. Evol. 169: 177-207.
49. Pellmyr, O. 1986. Three pollination morphs in Cimifuga simplex; incipient speciation due to inferiority in competition. Oecologia 68: 304-307.
50. Proctor, M. C. F. 1978. Insect pollination syndromes in an evolutionary and ecosystematic context. Pp. 105-116 in: Richards, A. J. (ed.), The pollination of flowers by insects. London.
51. Rebelo, A. G., Siegfried, W. R. & Oliver, E. G. H. 1985. Pollination syndromes of Erica species in the south-western Cape. S. African J. Bot. 51: 270-280.
52. Robertson, J. L. & Wyatt, R. 1990. Evidence for pollination ecotypes in the yellow fringed orchid, Platanthera ciliaris. Evolution 44: 121-133.
53. Rourke, J. P. 1972. Taxonomic studies on Leucospermum R. Br. J. S. African Bot. 8: 1-194.
54. Stebbins, G. L. 1970. Adaptive radiation of reproductive characteristics in Angiosperms, 1: pollination mechanisms. Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1: 307-326.
55. - 1974. Flowering plants: evolution above the species level. London.
56. Steiner, K. E. 1989. The pollination of Disperis (Orchidaceae) by oil-collecting bees in southern Africa. Lindleyana 4: 164-183.
57. - , Whitehead, V. B. & Johnson, S. D. 1994. Floral and pollinator divergence in two sexually deceptive South African orchids. Amer. J. Bot. 81: 185-194.
58. Thwaites, R. N. & Cowling, R. M. 1988. Soil-vegetation relationships on the Agulhas plain, South Africa. Catena 15: 333-345.
59. Vogel, S. 1954. Blütenbiologische Typen als Elemente der Sippengliederung. Bot. Stud. 1: 1-338.
60. Waser, N. M. 1983. The adaptive nature of floral traits: ideas and evidence. Pp. 242-285 in: Real, L. (ed.), Pollination biology. Orlando.
61. Whalen, M. D. 1978. Reproductive character displacement and floral diversity in Solanum sect. Androceras. Syst. Bot. 3: 77-86.
62. Wiens, D., Rourke, J. P., Casper, B. B., Rickart, E. A., Lapine, T. R., Peterson, C. J. & Channing, A. 1983. Nonflying mammal pollination of southern African proteas: a non-coevolved system. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 1-31.
63. Willson, M. F. 1991. Sexual selection, sexual dimorphism and plant phylogeny. Evol. Ecol. 5: 69-87.
64. Wilson, P., Thomson, H. D., Stanton, M. L. & Rigney, L. P. 1994. Beyond floral batemania: gender biases in selection for pollination success. Amer. Naturalist 143: 283-296.