Indirectly Fluorescently Labelled Flagellates (IFLF): A tool to estimate the predation on free-living heterotrophic flagellates

Journal of Plankton Research

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 429-442

  Cleven, Ernst Josef ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLAGELLATE; HETEROTROPHIC FLAGELLATE; INDIRECTLY FLUORESCENTLY LABELLED FLAGELLATE; METHODOLOGY; PREDATION;

GERMANY, LAKE CONSTANCE; SWITZERLAND, LAKE CONSTANCE;

EID: 0029661487     PISSN: 01427873     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/plankt/18.3.429     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Andersson,A., Larsson,U. and Hagstrom,Å. (1986) Size-selective grazing by a microflagellate on pelagic bacteria. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 33, 51-57.
2. Arndt,H. and Mathes,J. (1991) Large heterotrophic flagellates form a significant part of protozoo-plankton biomass in lakes and rivers. Ophelia, 33, 225-234.
3. Azam,F., Fenchel, T., Field,J.G., Gray,J.S., Meyer-Reil,L.A. and Thingstad.F. (1983) The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 10, 257-263.
4. Bernard,C. and Rassoulzadegan,F. (1990) Bacteria or microflagellates as a major food source for marine ciliates: possible implications for the microzooplankton. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 64, 147-155.
5. Berninger,U.-G., Wickham,S.A. and Finlay,B.J. (1993) Trophic coupling within the microbial food web: a study with fine temporal resolution in a eutrophic freshwater ecosystem. Freshwater Biol., 30, 419-432.
6. Bloem,J., Starink,M., Bär-Gilissen,M.-J.B. and Cappenberg,T.E. (1988) Protozoan grazing, bacterial activity, and mineralization in two-stage continuous cultures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54. 3113-3121.
7. Børsheim,K.Y. (1984) Clearance rates of bacteria-sized particles by freshwater ciliates. measured with monodisperse fluorescent latex beads. Oecologia (Berlin). 63, 286-288.
8. Børsheim,K.Y. and Bratbak.G. (1987) Cell volume to cell carbon conversion factors for a bacterivorous Monassp. enriched from seawater. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 36, 171-175.
9. Buskey,E.J. and Stoecker,D.K. (1988) Locomotory patterns of the planktonic ciliate Favella sp.: Adaptations for remaining within food patches. Bull. Mar. Sci., 43, 764-771.
10. Buskey,E.J. and Stoecker,D.K. (1989) Behavioral responses of the marine tintinnid Favella sp. to phytoplankton: Influence of chemical, mechanical and photic stimuli. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 132, 1-16.
11. Christoffersen.K., Riemann,B., Hansen,L.R., Klysner,A. and Sørensen,H.B. (1990) Qualitative importance of the microbial loop and plankton community structure in a eutrophic lake during a bloom of cyanobacteria. Microb. Ecol., 20, 253-272.
12. Chrzanowski,T.H., Crotty,R.D. and Hubbard,G.J. (1988) Seasonal variation in cell volume of epilimnetic bacteria. Microb. Ecol., 16, 155-163.
13. Dolan,J.R. and Coats,D. W. (1991) A study of feeding in predacious ciliates using prey ciliates labeled with fluorescent microspheres. J. Plankton Res., 13, 609-627.
14. Fenchel,T. (1980) Suspension feeding in ciliated protozoa: functional response and particle size selection. Microb. Ecol., 6, 1-11.
15. Fenchel,T. and Jonsson,P.R. (1988) The functional biology of Strombidium sulcatum. a marine oligotrich ciliate (Ciliophora, Oligotrichina). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 48, 1-15.
16. Finlay,B.J., Clarke,K.J., Cowling,A.J., Hindle,R.M, Rogerson,A. and Berninger,U.-G. (1988) On the abundance and distribution of protozoa and their food in a productive freshwater pond. Eur. J. Protistol., 23, 205-217.
17. Foissner,W., Berger,H. and Kohmann,F. (1991) Taxonomie und ökologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band I: Cyrtophorida, Oligotrichida, Hypotrichia, Colpodea. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes für Wasserwirtschaft. Heft 1/91.
18. Gould,W.D., Hagedorn,C, Bardinelli,T.R. and Zablotowicz.R.M. (1985) New selective media for enumeration and recovery of fluorescent Pseudomonads from various habitats. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 49, 28-32.
19. 1,2. J. Phycol., 8, 10-14.
20. Hagström, Å., Azam,F., Andersson,A., Wikner,J. and Rassoulzadegan,F. (1988) Microbial loop in an oligotrophic pelagic marine ecosystem: possible roles of cyanobacteria and nanoflagellates in the organic fluxes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 49, 171-178.
21. Heinbokel,J.F. (1978a) Studies on the functional role of tintinnids in the Southern California Bight. I. Grazing and growth rates in laboratory cultures. Mar. Biol., 47, 177-189.
22. Heinbokel,J.F. (1978b) Studies on the functional role of tintinnids in the Southern California Bight. II. Grazing rates of field populations. Mar. Biol., 47, 191-197.
23. Jonsson,P.R. (1986) Particle size selection, feeding rates and growth dynamics of marine planktonic oligotrichous ciliates (Ciliophora: Oligotrichina). Mar Ecol. Prog. Ser., 33, 265-277.
24. Kuosa,H. (1990) Protozoan grazing on pico- and nanophytoplankton in the northern Baltic Sea: direct evidence from epifluorescence microscopy. Arch. Hydrobiol., 119, 257-265.
25. Kuuppo-Leinikki,P. (1990) Protozoan grazing on planktonic bacteria and its impact on bacterial population. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 63, 227-238.
26. Landry,M.R., Lehner-Fournier,J.M., Sundstrom,J.A., Fagerness,V.L. and Selph,K.E. (1991) Discrimination between living and heat-killed prey by a marine zooflagellate, Paraphysotnonas vestita (Stokes). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 146, 139-151.
27. Larsson,P. and Dodson,S. (1993) Invited review: Chemical communication in planktonic animals. Arch. Hydrobiol., 129, 129-155.
28. Laybourn-Parry,J., Marchant,H.J. and Brown,P.E. (1992) Seasonal cycle of the microbial plankton in Crooked Lake, Antarctica. Polar Biol, 12, 411-416.
29. McCormick,P.V. and Cairns,J. (1991) Effects of micrometazoa on the protistan assemblage of a littoral food web. Freshwater Biol., 26, 111-119.
30. McManus,G.B. and Fuhrmann, J. A. (1986) Bacterivory in seawater studied with the use of inert fluorescent particles. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31, 420-426.
31. Müller,H. (1991) Pseudobalanion planctonicum (Ciliophora, Prostomatida): ecological significance of an algivorous nanociliate in a deep meso-eutrophic lake. J. Plankion Res., 13, 247-262.
32. Müller,H. and Geller,W. (1993) Maximum growth rates of aquatic ciliated protozoa: the dependence on body size and temperature reconsidered. Arch. Hydrobiol., 126, 315-327.
33. Müller,H., Schöne,A., Pinto-Coelho,R.M., Schweizer,A. and Weisse,T. (1991) Seasonal succession of ciliate in Lake Constance. Microb. Ecol., 21, 119-138.
34. Naitoh,Y. and Eckert,R. (1974) The control of ciliary activity in Protozoa. In Sleigh.M.A. (ed.). Cilia and Flagella. Academic Press, London, pp. 305-352.
35. Neuer,S. (1993) Role of protist grazing in the Oregon Upwelling System. PhD Thesis, Oregon State University, Oregon.
36. 14C-protein-labelled bacteria for estimating clearance rates by heterotrophic and mixotrophic flagellates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 68, 7-14.
37. Nygaard,K., Børsheim,K.Y. and Thingstad,T.F. (1988) Grazing rates on bacteria by marine heterotrophic microflagellates compared to uptake rates of bacterial-sized monodisperse fluorescent latex beads. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 44, 159-165.
38. Ohman,M.D. and Snyder,R.A. (1991) Growth kinetics of the omnivorous oligotrich ciliate Strombidium sp. Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 922-935.
39. Pace,M.L. and Bailiff,M.D. (1987) Evaluation of a fluorescent microsphere technique for measuring grazing rates of phagotrophic microorganisms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 40, 185-193.
40. Porter,K.G. and Feig,Y.S. (1980) The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnol. Oceanogr., 25, 943-948.
41. Putt,M. (1991) Development and evaluation of tracer particles for use in microzooplankton herbivory studies. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 77, 27-37.
42. Rassoulzadegan,F., Laval-Peuto,M. and Sheldon,R.W. (1988) Partitioning of the food ration of marine ciliates between pico- and nanoplankton. Hydrobiologia. 159, 75-88.
43. Rublee,P.A. and Gallegos,C.L. (1989) Use of fluorescently labelled algae (FLA) to estimate microzooplankton grazing. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 51, 221-227.
44. Sanders,R.W. and Porter,K.G. (1990) Bacterivorous flagellates as food resources for the freshwater crustacean zooplankter Daphnia ambigua. Limnol. Oceanogr., 35, 188-191.
45. Sanders,R.W. and Wickham,S.A. (1993) Planktonic protozoa and metazoa: predation, food quality and population control. Mar. Microb. Food Webs, 7, 197-223.
46. Sanders,R.W., Porter,K.G., Bennett,S.J. and DeBiase,A.E. (1989) Seasonal patterns of bacterivory by flagellates, ciliates, rotifers, and cladocerans in a freshwater planktonic community. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 673-687.
47. Sanders,R.W., Caron,D.A. and Berninger,U.-G. (1992) Relationships between bacteria and heterotrophic nanoplankton in marine and fresh waters: an inter-ecosystem comparison. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 86, 1-14.
48. Schaeffer,A.A. (1910) Selection of food in Stentor cœruleus (Ehr.). J. Exp. Zool., 8, 75-132.
49. Sherr,B.F., Sherr,.E.B., Andrew,T.L., Fallen,R.D. and Newell,S.Y. (1986) Trophic interactions between heterotrophic protozoa and bacterioplankton in estuarine water analyzed with selective metabolic inhibitors. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 32, 169-179.
50. Sherr,B.F., Sherr,E.B. and Fallon,R.D. (1987) Use of monodispersed, fluorescently labeled bacteria to estimate in situ protozoan bacterivory. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53, 958-965.
51. Sherr,B.F., Sherr,E.B. and Rassoulzadegan.F. (1988) Rates of digestion of bacteria by marine phagotrophic protozoa: temperature dependence. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 54, 1091-1095.
52. Sherr,E.B., McDaniel J., Gonzalez,J. and Hanson,R. (1990) Size-selective grazing by bacterivorous protozoa: implications for bacterial production. Eos, 71, 162.
53. Sherr,E.B., Sherr,B.F. and McDaniel,J. (1991) Clearance rates of <6 μm fluorescently labeled algae (FLA) by estuarine protozoa: potential grazing impact of flagellates and ciliates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 69, 81-92.
54. Sherr,E.B., Sherr,B.F., Berman,T. and Hadas,O. (1991b) High abundance of picoplanktonic-ingesting ciliates during late fall in Lake Kinneret, Israel. J. Plankton Res., 13, 789-799.
55. Sibbald,M.J., Albright,L.J. and Sibbald,P.R. (1987) Chemosensory responses of a heterotrophic microflagellate to bacteria and several nitrogen compounds. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 36, 201-204.
56. Sieburth,J.McN., Smetacek,V. and Lenz,J. (1978) Pelagic ecosystem structure: heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23, 1256-1263.
57. Simek,K. and Straškrabová,V. (1992) Bacterioplankton production and protozoan bacterivory in a mesotrophic reservoir. J. Plankton Res., 14, 773-787.
58. Spittler,P. (1973) Feeding experiments with tintinnids. Oikos. 15(Suppl.), 128-132.
59. Turley,C.M., Newell,R.C. and Robins,D.B. (1986) Survival strategies of two small marine ciliates and their role in regulating bacterial community structure under experimental conditions. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 33, 59-70.
60. Turner,J.T. Tester,P.A. and Ferguson,R.L. (1988) The marine cladoceran Penilia avirosiris and the 'microbial loop' of pelagic food webs. Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 245-255.
61. Utermöhl,H. (1958) Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 9, 1-38.
62. Verity,P.G. (1988) Chemosensory behavior in marine planktonic ciliates. Bull. Mar. Sci.. 43, 772-782.
63. Verity,P.G. (1991a) Measurement and simulation of prey uptake by marine planktonic ciliates fed plastidic and aplastidic nanoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 729-750.
64. Verity,P.G. (1991b) Feeding in planktonic protozoans: evidence for non-random acquisition of prey. J. Protozool., 38, 69-76.
65. Verity,P.G. (1991c) Aggregation patterns of ciliates from natural assemblages in response to different prey. Mar. Microb. Food Webs, 5, 115-128.
66. Weisse,T. (1990) Trophic interactions among heterotrophic microplankton, nanoplankton, and bacteria in Lake Constance. Hydrobiologia, 191, 111-122.
67. Weisse, T. (1991) The annual cycle of heterotrophic freshwater nanoflagellates: role of bottom-up versus top-down control. J. Plankton Res., 13, 167-185.