Cortical dynamics of form and motion integration: Persistence, apparent motion, and illusory contours

Vision Research

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 149-173

  Francis, Gregory ^a   Grossberg, Stephen ^b  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Apparent motion; Form perception; Korte's laws; Motion perception; Neural networks; Visual cortex; Visual persistence

Indexed keywords

CONFERENCE PAPER; ILLUSION; MODEL; MOVEMENT PERCEPTION; NERVE CELL NETWORK; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHYSICS; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL STIMULATION; VISUAL SYSTEM; VISUAL THRESHOLD;

CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; FORM PERCEPTION; HUMAN; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MOTION PERCEPTION; OPTICAL ILLUSIONS; PSYCHOPHYSICS; SENSORY THRESHOLDS; TIME FACTORS; VISUAL CORTEX;

EID: 0029655766     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00052-2     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Albright, T. D. (1984). Direction and orientation selectivity of neurons in visual area MT of the Macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 52, 1106-1130.
2. Albright, T., Desimone, R. & Gross, C. (1984). Columnar organization of directionally sensitive cells in visual area MT of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 51, 16-31.
3. Anderson, S. J. & Burr, D. C. (1987). Receptive field size of human motion detection units. Vision Research, 27, 621-635.
4. Anstis, S. M. & Ramachandran, V. S. (1987). Visual inertia in apparent motion. Vision Research, 27, 755-764.
5. Arrington, K. (1994). The temporal dynamics of brightness filling-in. Vision Research, 34, 3371-3387.
6. Attneave, F. & Block, G. (1973). Apparent movement in tridimensional space. Perception & Psychophysics, 13, 301-307.
7. Beck, J., Prazdny, K. & Rosenfeld, A. (1983). A theory of textural segmentation. In Beck, J., Hope, B. & Rosenfeld, A. (Eds), Human and machine vision. New York: Academic Press.
8. Bowen, R., Pola, J. & Matin, L. (1974). Visual persistence: Effects of flash luminance, duration and energy. Vision Research, 14, 295-303.
9. Braddick, O. (1974). A short range process in apparent motion. Vision Research, 14, 519-527.
10. Breitmeyer, B. (1984). Visual masking: An integrative approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Burr, D. C. (1980). Motion smear. Nature, 284, 164-165.
12. Burr, D. C., Ross, J. & Morrone, M. C. (1986). Smooth and sampled motion. Vision Research, 26, 643-652.
13. Carpenter, G. A. & Grossberg, S. (1981). Adaptation and transmitter gating in vertebrate photoreceptors. Journal of Theoretical Neurobiology, 1, 1-42.
14. Castet, E. (1994). Effect of the ISI on the visible persistence of a stimulus in apparent motion. Vision Research, 34, 2103-2114.
15. Cavanagh, P. & Mather, G. (1989). Motion: The long and short of it. Spatial Vision, 4, 103-129.
16. Cavanagh, P., Arguin, M. & von Grünau, M. (1989). Interattribute apparent motion. Vision Research, 29, 1197-1204.
17. Chey, J., Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1994). Neural dynamics of motion processing and speed discrimination. Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-94-030. Boston University, Boston, Mass.
18. Chubb, C. & Sperling, G. (1991). Texture quilts: Basic tools for studying motion-from-texture. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 35, 411-442.
19. Cohen, M. A. & Grossberg, S. (1984). Neural dynamics of brightness perception: Features, boundaries, diffusion, and resonance. Perception & Psychophysics, 36, 428-456.
20. Corbin, H. H. (1942). The visual perception of grouping and apparent motion in visual space. Archives of Psychology, 273, 5-50.
21. Creutzfeldt, O., Kuhnt, U. & Benevento, L. (1974). An intracellular analysis of visual cortical neurons to moving stimuli: Responses in a co-operative neuronal network. Experimental Brain Research, 21, 251-274.
22. Cruthirds, D. R., Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1993). Emergent groupings and texture segregation. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 34, 1237.
23. Cruthirds, D. R., Gove, A., Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., Nowak, N. & Williamson, J. (1992). Processing of synthetic aperture radar images by the Boundary Contour System and Feature Contour System. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IV (pp. 414-419). Piscataway, N.J.: IEEE Service Center.
24. DeYoe, E. & van Essen, D. (1988). Concurrent processing streams in monkey visual cortex. Trends in Neuroscience, 11, 219-226.
25. Dosher, D. A., Sperling, G. & Wurst, S. A. (1986). Tradeoffs between stereopsis and proximity luminance covariance as determinants of perceived 3D structure. Vision Research, 26, 793-990.
26. Francis, G., Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1994). Cortical dynamics of feature binding and reset: Control of visual persistence. Vision Research, 34, 1089-1104.
27. Gaudiano, P. (1992a). A unified neural model of spatiotemporal processing in X and Y retinal ganglion cells. I. Analytical results. Biological Cybernetics, 67, 11-21.
28. Gaudiano, P. (1992b). A unified neural model of spatiotemporal processing in X and Y retinal ganglion cells. II. Temporal adaptation and simulation of experimental data. Biological Cybernetics, 67, 23-34.
29. Gove, A. N., Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1994a). A link between brightness perception, illusory contours, and binocular corticogeniculate feedback. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 35, 1437.
30. Gove, A. N., Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1994b). Brightness perception, illusory contours, and corticogeniculate feedback. Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-94-033. Boston University, Boston, Mass. Visual Neuroscience. In press.
31. Graham, N., Beck, J. & Sutter, A. (1992). Nonlinear processes in spatial-frequency channel models of perceived texture segregation: Effects of sign and amount of contrast. Vision Research, 32, 719-743.
32. Green, M. & Odom, J. V. (1986). Correspondence matching in apparent motion: Evidence for three-dimensional spatial representation. Science, 233, 1427-1429.
33. Grossberg, S. (1972). A neural theory of punishment and avoidance: II. Quantitative theory. Mathematical Biosciences, 15, 253-285.
34. Grossberg, S. (1973). Contour enhancement, short-term memory, and constancies in reverberating neural networks. Studies in Applied Mathematics, 52, 217-257.
35. Grossberg, S. (1976). Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding, II: Feedback, expectation, olfaction, and illusions. Biological Cybernetics, 23, 187-202. Reprinted in Studies of mind and brain. Boston, Mass.: Reidel Press.
36. Grossberg, S. (1982). Studies of mind and brain. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
37. Grossberg, S. (1984). Outline of theory of brightness, color, and form perception. In Degreef, E. & van Buggenhaut, J. (Eds), Trends in mathematical psychology (pp. 59-86). Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland.
38. Grossberg, S. (1987a). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception I: Monocular theory. Perception & Psychophysics, 41, 97-116.
39. Grossberg, S. (1987b). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception II: Binocular theory. Perception & Psychophysics, 41, 117-158.
40. Grossberg, S. (1991). Why do parallel cortical systems exist for the perception of static form and moving form? Perception & Psychophysics, 49, 117-141.
41. Grossberg, S. (1994). 3-D vision and figure - ground separation by visual cortex. Perception & Psychophysics, 55, 48-120.
42. Grossberg, S. & Marshall, J. (1989). Stereo boundary fusion by cortical complex cells: A system of maps, filters, and feedback networks for multiplexing distributed data. Neural Networks, 2, 29-51.
43. Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1985a). Neural dynamics of form perception: Boundary completion, illusory figures, and neon color spreading. Psychological Review, 92, 173-211.
44. Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1985b). Neural dynamics of perceptual grouping: Textures, boundaries, and emergent segmentations. Perception & Psychophysics, 38, 141-171.
45. Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1987). Neural dynamics of surface perception: Boundary webs, illuminants, and shape-from-shading. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 37, 116-165.
46. Grossberg, S. & Mingolla, E. (1993). Neural dynamics of motion perception: Direction fields, apertures, and resonant grouping. Perception & Psychophysics, 53, 243-278.
47. Grossberg, S. & Rudd, M. (1989). A neural architecture for visual motion perception: Group and element apparent motion. Neural Networks, 2, 421-450.
48. Grossberg, S. & Rudd, M. (1992). Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion. Psychological Review, 99, 78-121.
49. Grossberg, S. & Todorović, D. (1988). Neural dynamics of 1-D and 2-D brightness perception: A unified model of classical and recent phenomena. Perception & Psychophysics, 43, 241-277.
50. Grossberg, S. & Wyse, L. (1991). Invariant recognition of cluttered scenes by a self-organizing ART architecture: Figure-ground separation. Neural Networks, 4, 723-742.
51. Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. & Nogueira, C. A. M. (1993). Computation of first order and second order motion by a model of magnocellular dynamics. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 34, 1029.
52. Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. & Todorović, D. (1989). A neural network architecture for preattentive vision. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 36, 65-84.
53. Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. & Williamson, J. (1994). Synthetic aperture radar processing by a multiple scale neural system for boundary and surface representation. Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-94-001. Boston University, Boston, Mass. Neural Networks. In press.
54. von der Heydt, R., Hänny, P. & Dürsteler, M. R. (1981). The role of orientation disparity in stereoscopic perception and the development of binocular correspondence. In Srastyán, E. & Molnár, P. (Eds), Advanced physiological science, sensory functions (Vol. 16). New York: Pergamon Press.
55. von der Heydt, R., Peterhans, E. & Baumgartner, G. (1984). Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses. Science, 244, 1260-1262.
56. von Grünau, M. (1979). The involvement of illusory contours in stroboscopic motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 25, 205-208.
57. Kolers, P. (1972). Aspects of motion perception. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
58. Korte, A. (1915). Kinematoskopische Untersuchungen. Zeitschrift für Psychologies, 194-296.
59. Lehar, S., Worth, A. J. & Kennedy, D. N. (1990). Application of the boundary contour/feature contour system to magnetic resonance brain scan imagery. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, San Diego, Calif. Vol. 1, pp. 435-440.
60. Levitt, J., Kiper, D. & Movshon, J. (1994). Receptive fields and functional architecture of macaque V2. Journal of Neurophysiology, 71, 2517-2542.
61. Logothetis, N. K., Shiller, P. H., Charles, E. R. & Hurlbert, A. C. (1990). Perceptual deficits and the activity of the color-opponent and broad-band pathways at isoluminance. Science, 247, 214-217.
62. MacKay, D. M. (1957). Moving visual images produced by regular stationary patterns. Nature, 180, 849-850.
63. Marr, D. & Ullman, S. (1981). Directional selectivity and its use in early visual processing. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 211, 151-180.
64. Mather, G. (1988). Temporal properties of apparent motion in subjective figures. Perception, 17, 729-736.
65. Maunsell, J. & van Essen, D. (1983). Response properties of single units in middle temporal visual area of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 49, 1127-1147.
66. McLoughlin, N. & Grossberg, S. (1994). How are monocularly viewed surfaces perceived in depth during DaVinci Stereopsis. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 35, 2110.
67. Meyer, G. & Ming, C. (1988). The visible persistence of illusory contours. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 42, 479-488.
68. Meyer, G., Lawson, R. & Cohen, W. (1975). The effects of orientation-specific adaptation on the duration of short-term visual storage. Vision Research, 15, 569-572.
69. Mikami, A., Newsome, W. & Wurtz, R. (1986a). Motion selectivity in Macaque visual cortex. I. Mechanisms of direction and speed selectivity in extrastriate area MT. Journal of Neurophysiology, 55, 1308-1327.
70. Mikami, A., Newsome, W. & Wurtz, R. (1986b). Motion selectivity in macaque visual cortex. II. Spatiotemporal range of directional interactions in MT and Vl. Journal of Neurophysiology, 55, 1328-1339.
71. Mowafy, L. (1990). Static depth cues do affect the perceived direction of motion. Perception, 19, 595-609.
72. Nakayama, K. & Silverman, G. H. (1984). Temporal and spatial characteristics of the upper displacement limit for motion in random dots. Vision Research, 24, 293-299.
73. Nakayama, K. & Silverman, G. H. (1985). Detection and discrimination of sinusoidal grating displacements. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2, 267-273.
74. Nawrot, M. & Blake, R. (1989). Neural integration of information specifying structure from stereopsis and motion. Science, 224, 716-718.
75. Neuhaus, W. (1930). Experimentelle Untersuchung der scheinbewegung. Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie, 75, 315-458.
76. Newsome, W. T., Gizzi, M. S. & Movshon, J. A. (1983). Spatial and temporal properties of neurons in macaque MT. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 24, 106.
77. Newsome, W., Mikami, A. & Wurtz, R. (1986). Motion selectivity in macaque visual cortex. III. Psychophysics and physiology of apparent motion. Journal of Neurophysiology, 55, 1340-1351.
78. Ögm̌en, H. (1993). A neural theory of retino-cortical dynamics. Neural Networks, 6, 245-273.
79. Ögm̌en, H. & Gagné, S. (1990). Neural network architectures for motion perception and elementary motion detection in the fly visual system. Neural Networks, 3, 487-506.
80. Paradiso, M. & Nakayama, K. (1991). Brightness perception and filling-in. Vision Research, 31, 1221-1236.
81. Pessoa, L., Mingolla, E. & Neumann, H. (1994). A multi-scale network model of brightness perception. Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-94-017. Boston University, Boston, Mass. Vision Research. In press.
82. Peterhans, E. & von der Heydt, R. (1989). Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex, II. Contours bridging gaps. Journal of Neuroscience, 9, 1749-1763.
83. Petersik, J. T., Pufahl, R., & Krasnoff, E. (1983). Failure to find an absolute retinal limit of a putative short-range process in apparent motion. Vision Research, 23, 1663-1670.
84. Ramachandran, V. (1985). Apparent motion of subjective surfaces. Perception, 14, 127-134.
85. Schiller, P. H., Logothetis, N. K. & Charles, E. R. (1990). Role of the color-opponent and broad-band channels in vision. Visual Neuroscience, 5, 321-326.
86. Sutter, A., Beck, J. & Graham, N. (1989). Contrast and spatial variables in texture segregation: Testing in a simple spatial-frequency channels model. Perception & Psychophysics, 46, 312-332.
87. Taylor, W. (1958). Visual organization. Nature, 182, 29-31.
88. Waxman, A. M., Seibert, M., Bernardon, A. M. & Fay, D. A. (1993). Neural systems for automatic target learning and recognition. The Lincoln Laboratory Journal, 6, 77-116.
89. Wilson, H., Ferrera, V. & Yo, C. (1993). A psychophysically motivated model for two-dimensional motion perception. Visual Neuroscience, 9, 79-97.