What kind of nation?: The rise of Hamas in the occupied territories

Race & Class

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 65-80

  Usher, Graham ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING REGION; HAMAS; ISLAMIC POLITICS; NATIONALISM; PALESTINIAN LIBERATION ORGANISATION; POLITICAL CONFLICT; POLITICAL ORGANISATION;

MIDDLE EAST, OCCUPIED TERRITORIES;

EID: 0029538954     PISSN: 03063968     EISSN: 17413125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/030639689503700207     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Islamists claim that Hamas was founded in Gaza on 8 December 1987, the very eve of the uprising. The first leaflet signed by the Islamic Resistance Movement, however, was issued on 11 February 1988. See Jean-François Legrain, ‘The Islamic movement and the intifada’ in J.R. Wasser and R. Heacock, Intifada: Palestine at the crossroads (Birzeit University, 1991).
2. Before the Israeli occupation in 1967, the MB in Gaza was a branch of the Egyptian MB and in the West Bank of the Jordanian. In the mid-1970s the MB was reorganised, with Gaza and West Bank branches forming one body with the Jordanian MB. See Ziad Abu Amr in Islamic fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza (Indiana University Press, 1994), pp. 10-11.
3. Quoted in A special report on religious fundamentalism, Palestine Studies Centre (Damascus, 1988).
4. The sacrilegious nature of any endorsement of territorial nationalism was eloquently expressed by a West Bank Muslim Brother, Sabri Abu Diab, in the early 1980s. ‘The land. is either a land of atheism or of Islam; there is no such thing as Arab, Palestinian or Jewish land. Land cannot be considered holy, because holiness is only characteristic of Allah, so how can we sanctify and even worship a very small geographical area [Palestine] rather than Allah, as the so-called nationalists do?' ’ quoted in Abdel Kareem Yaseen, The Islamic Resistance Movement in Palestine (Cairo, Sina, 1990), pp. 32-3.
5. See Rema Hammami, ‘Women, the hijab and the intifada’, Middle East Report (May-August 1990).
6. See Ze'ev Schiff and Ehud Ya'ari, Intifada: the Palestinian Uprising: Israel's third front (New York, 1990), p. 23.
7. Quoted in Jean-François Legrain, ‘A defining moment: Palestinian Islamic fundamentalism’ in J. Piscatori (ed.), Islamic Fundamentalism and the Gulf Crisis, The Fundamentalism Project: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (USA, 1991) pp. 70-88.
8. Jerusalem Media and Communications Centre: opinion poll (Jerusalem, January 1993).
9. 'Although the Islamic movement rejects the DOP, it has no interest in defeating it by force. It sees its role as one of trying to convince Palestinians of the agreement's shortcomings, and of dealing with its negative aspects on both the Arab and Islamic levels. It does not seek confrontation with the transitional [Palestinian] authority, because confrontation will not promote these objectives,' says Islamist intellectual Bassam Jarrar. See my interview with him, ‘The Islamist movement and the Palestinian authority’ in Middle East Report (July-August 1994).
10. Quoted in Andrew Gowers and Tony Walker, Arafat: the Biography (London, 1994), p. 129.
11. Israel Shahak, ‘Hamas and Arafat: the balance of power’, Middle East International (4 February 1994).
12. Such attacks on civilian targets inside the Green Line undermined a tacit consensus, held by all the PLO factions since around the mid-1970s, that military operations inside Israel and the occupied territories should be confined to military targets. See Jean-François Legrain, ‘Hamas, legitimate heir of Palestinian nationalism?’, in Political Islam in the Middle East (Washington, United States Institute of Peace, March 1994).
13. See Ehud Ya'ari, ‘Can Arafat govern?’, Jerusalem Report (13 January 1994).
14. Ha'aretz (21 December 1993).
15. Interview with Yasin in Yizhar Be'er and Saleh Abdl Jawad, Collaborators in the Occupied Territories: human rights abuses and violations (Jerusalem, B'tselem, January, 1994) pp. 219-28.
16. An-Nahar (18 May 1994).
17. Al-Wasat (London, 1 November 1993).
18. An-Nahar (Jerusalem, 10 January 1994).
19. See Amira Hess, ‘What if an Israeli Jew I knew had been in Hadera?’, Ha'aretz (26 April 1994).
20. Khalid Amayreh, ‘Hamas debates its next move’, Middle East International (27 May 1994).
21. Quoted in Yossi Torfstein, ‘Despite the sword’, Ha'aretz (26 April 1994).
22. Quoted in Jerusalem Post (29 October 1994).
23. Quoted in Graham Usher, ‘Hamas after the Tel Aviv bombing’, Middle East International (4 November 1994).
24. Lamis Andoni, ‘Islamist group signals shift in strategy’, Christian Science Monitor (13 September 1994).
25. Jamil Hilal, ‘PLO institutions: the challenge ahead’, Journal of Palestine Studies (Autumn 1993).