NGOs, politics, projects and probity: A policy implementation perspective

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 237-256

  Charlton, Roger ^a   May, Roy ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVOCACY; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION; POLICY IMPLEMENTATION; POLITICAL CONTEXT; PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION;

EID: 0029511656     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436599550036112     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. T Carroll, Intermediary ngos: The Supporting Link in Grassroots Development, West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, 1992, p 1.
2. UNDP, Human Development Report, 1993, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, p 93.
3. I Smillie, ‘Changing partners: Northern NGOs, Northern governments’ in I Smillie & H Helmich (eds), Non-Governmental Organisations and Governments: Stakeholders for Development, Paris: OECD, 1993, p 14.
4. Ibid, p 21; UNDP, Human Development Report, p 86; and J Fisher, The Road from Rio: Sustainable Development and the Nongovernmental Movement in the Third World, Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993, pp 5-6. J Borton, ‘Recent trends in the international relief system’, Disasters, 17 (3), 1993, pp 187-201.
5. J Vivian, ‘NGOs and sustainable development in Zimbabwe: no magic bullets’, Development and Change, 25 (1), 1994, p 188.
6. M Edwards & D Hulme, ‘NGOs and development: performance and accountability in the ‘New World Order’ ’, paper presented at the International Workshop on NGOs and Development: Performance and Accountability in the New World Order, University of Manchester, 27-29 June 1994, p 27.
7. Fisher, The Road from Rio, pp 95, 80.
8. M Grindle (ed), Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1 980, p 5, p 1 5, p 1 6.
9. T Smith, ‘The study of policymaking in developing nations’, Policy Studies Journal, 1 (4), 1973, p 247.
10. J Scott, Comparative Political Corruption, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1972, pp 23-28.
11. Smith, ‘The study of policymaking’, p 247.
12. See, in particular, the seminal work of Naomi Chazan summarised in ‘Patterns of state-society incorporation and disengagement’ in D Rothchild & N Chazan (eds), The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988 pp 121-148.
13. G Hyden & S Reutlinger, ‘Foreign aid in a period of democratisation: the case of politically autonomous food funds’, World Development, 20 (9), 1992, p 1256.
14. J Fox, ‘The difficult transition from clientelism to citizenship: lessons from Mexico’, World Politics, 46 (2), 1994, pp 151-152.
15. T Smith, ‘The policy implementation process’, Policy Sciences, 4, 1973, p 204.
16. Fisher, The Road from Rio, p 22.
17. Fox, ‘The difficult transition’, p 154, fn 7.
18. C Graham, ‘From emergency employment to social investment: alleviating poverty in Chile’, Brookings Occasional Papers, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1991, p 21.
19. C Graham, ‘The apra government and the urban poor: the pait programme in Lima's pueblos jovenes’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 23 (1), 1991, p 129.
20. P Ward & S Chant, ‘Community leadership and self-help housing’, Progress in Planning, 27, 1987, p 99. M Bratton & B Liatto-Katundu, ‘A focus group assessment of political attitudes in Zambia’, African Affairs, 93 (373), 1994, pp 553-554, 562.
21. Carroll, Intermediary ngos, p 43.
22. A Batkin, ‘NGOs: the case of RDRS in Bangladesh’, IDS Bulletin, 23 (4), 1992, pp 58-62.
23. J Fisher, ‘Is the iron law of oligarchy rusting away in the Third World?’ World Development, 22 (2), 1994, p 133, citing B Schneider, La Revolution des Pieds Nus: Rapport au Club de Rome, Paris: Fayard, 1985, pp 188-197.
24. G Baldwin, ‘Nongovernmental organisations and African development: an inquiry’, in The Long-Term Perspective Study of Sub-Saharan Africa: Volume 3. Institutional and Sociopolitical Issues, Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1990, p 99.
25. Carroll, Intermediary ngos, p 85.
26. Fisher, ‘Is the iron law of oligarchy?’, p 133.
27. For example, probity remains unmentioned, although clearly implicit, in both Tendler's NGO ‘articles of faith’ and Fowler's examination of the bases of NGO ‘comparative advantage’. See J Tendler, ‘Turning private voluntary organisations into development agencies: questions for evaluation’, Programme Evaluation Discussion Paper No. 12, Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development, 1982, pp 3-7; A Fowler, ‘Non-governmental organisations in Africa: achieving comparative advantage in relief and microdevelopment’, Institute of Development Studies Discussion Paper 249, Brighton: IDS, 1988, pp 5-12. Fisher, The Road from Rio, p 194.
28. J Sarder, 'Support for small enterprise development in Bangladesh by public and private agencies’, paper presented at Development Studies Association, Scotland Study Group Conference, University of Stirling, 30 April 1994, p 2, 10, 14.
29. S Arellano-Lopez & J Petras, ‘Non-governmental organisations and poverty alleviation in Bolivia’, Development and Change, 25 (3), 1994, p 564 fn 10, p 567. The earlier, less critical, overview to which they refer is, C Graham, ‘The politics of protecting the poor during adjustment: Bolivia's emergency social fund’, World Development, 20 (9), 1992, pp 1233-1251.
30. Edwards & Hulme, ‘NGOs and development’, p 22.
31. Y Tandon, ‘Foreign NGOs, uses and abuses: an African perspective’, IFDA Dossier, 81, April-June 1991, pp 69, 74-75.
32. Edwards & Hulme, ‘NGOs and development’, p 23.
33. J Avina, ‘The evolutionary life cycles of non-governmental development organisations’, Public Administration and Development, 13 (5), 1993, p 471.
34. Edwards & Hulme, ‘NGOs and development’, p 19.
35. Bratton & Liatto-Katundu, ‘A focus group assessment’, pp 553-554.
36. M Bratton, ‘The politics of government-NGO relations in Africa’, World Development, 17 (4), 1989, p 572. R Fatton Jr, Predatory Rule: State and Civil Society in Africa, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1992, p 135. Fisher, The Road from Rio, p 80.
37. H Pope, ‘Corruption at the heart of the revolution’, Independent, 14 February 1994, p 19.
38. Avina, ‘The evolutionary life cycles’, p 468.
39. Edwards & Hulme, ‘NGOs and development’, p 19.
40. Fowler, ‘Non-governmental organisations in Africa’, p 14.
41. E Narayana, ‘Bureaucratisation of non-governmental organisations: an analysis of employees’ perceptions and attitudes’, Public Administration and Development, 12 (2), 1992, p 135.
42. Edwards & Hulme, ‘NGOs and development’, p 24.
43. Arellano-Lopez & Petras, ‘Non-governmental organisations’, pp 564-565.
44. Graham, ‘From emergency employment to social investment’, p 24.
45. Arellano-Lopez & Petras, ‘Non-governmental organisations and poverty alleviaton’, p 566, citing H Zaballos, ‘Relato del discurso de Hernan Zaballos…al Panel sobre aspectos positivos del relacionamiento estado-ONGs’, in La Relacion entre el Estado y ongs, La Paz: COTESU/ILDIS/Cooperacion Holandesa, 1992, pp 59-60.
46. Fowler, ‘Non-governmental organisations in Africa’, pp 12-13.
47. Vivian, ‘NGOs and sustainable development in Zimbabwe’, p 169, p 189, p 191.