Open water production in arctic sea ice: Satellite measurements and model parameterizations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 100, Issue C10, 1995, Pages 20,601-20,612

  Stern, H L ^a   Rothrock, D A ^a   Kwok, R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ICE MOTION; MODEL PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL PARAMETERIZATIONS; OPEN WATER PRODUCTION; SAR IMAGE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENT; SEA ICE; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0029502620     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/95JC02306     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Chapman, W. L., W. J. Welch, K. P. Bowman, J. Sacks, and J. E. Walsh, Arctic sea ice variability: Model sensitivities and a multidecadal simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 919-935, 1994.
2. Fetterer, F., D. Gineris, and R. Kwok, Sea ice type maps from Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility imagery: An assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,443-22,458, 1994.
3. Fily, M., and D. A. Rothrock, Opening and closing of sea ice leads: Digital measurements from synthetic aperture radar, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 789-796, 1990.
4. Flato, G. M., and W. D. Hibler III, An initial numerical investigation of the extent of sea-ice ridging, Ann. Glaciol., 15, 31-36, 1991.
5. Flato, G. M., and W. D. Hibler III, Modeling pack ice as a cavitating fluid, J Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 626-651, 1992.
6. Flato, G. M., and W. D. Hibler III, Ridging and strength in modeling the thickness distribution of Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,611-18,626, 1995.
7. Gray, L. M. N. T., and L. W. Morland, A two-dimensional model for the dynamics of sea ice, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 347, 219-290, 1994.
8. Hibler, W. D, III, A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 815-846, 1979.
9. Hibler, W. D, III Modeling a variable thickness sea ice cover, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1943-1973, 1980.
10. 2 increases, in Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 29, edited by J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi, pp. 238-253, Washington, D. C, 1984.
11. Holland, D. M., L. A. Mysak, D. K. Manak, and J. M. Oberhuber, Sensitivity study of a dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model, J Geophys. Res., 98, 2561-2586, 1993.
12. Kwok, R., J. C. Curlander, R. McConnell, and S. S. Pang, An ice-motion tracking system at the Alaska SAR Facility, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 15, 44-54, 1990.
13. Kwok, R., E. Rignot, and B. Holt, Identification of sea ice types in spaceborne synthetic aperture radar data, J Geophys. Res., 97, 2391-2402, 1992.
14. Kwok, R., D. A. Rothrock, H. L. Stern, and G. F. Cunningham, Determination of the age distribution of sea ice from Lagrangian observations of ice motion, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 33, 392-400, 1995.
15. Maykut, G. A., Energy exchange over young sea ice in the central Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3646-3658, 1978.
16. Rothrock, D. A., The energetics of the plastic deformation of pack ice by ridging, J Geophys. Res., 80, 4514-4519, 1975.
17. Thorndike, A. S., Kinematics of Sea Ice, in The Geophysics of Sea Ice, NATO A SI Ser. B, vol. 146, edited by N. Untersteiner, chap. 7, pp. 489-549, Plenum, New York, 1986.
18. Thorndike, A. S., A random discontinuous model of sea ice motion, J Geophys. Res., 92, 6515-6520, 1987.
19. Thorndike, A. S., D. A. Rothrock, G. A. Maykut, and R. Colony, The thickness distribution of sea ice, J Geophys. Res., 80, 4501-4513, 1975.
20. Walsh, J. E., and H. J. Zwally, Multiyear sea ice in the Arctic: Model- and satellite-derived, J Geophys Res., 95, 11,613-11,628, 1990.