Achieving Sustainability: Reform or Transformation?

Journal of Planning Literature

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 1995, Pages 343-361

  Rees, William E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC GROWTH; GLOBAL ECONOMY; PLANNING; PLANNING IMPLICATION; RESOURCES DEMAND; SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 0029480975     PISSN: 08854122     EISSN: 15526593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/088541229500900402     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Ayres, Robert U. 1993. Cowboys, cornucopians and long-run sustainability. Ecological Economics 8: 189-207.
2. Barker, Terry. 1994. Is green economic growth possible? In Energy-environment-economy modelling discussion paper no. 7. Cambridge, England: Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge.
3. Bamett, H., and C. Morse. 1963. Scarcity and growth: The economics of natural resource scarcity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
4. Beckerman, W. 1992. Economic growth and the environment: Whose growth? Whose environment? World Development 20, 4: 481-496.
5. Beckerman, W. 1974. In defence of economic growth. London: Jonathan Cape.
6. Binswanger, Mathias. 1993. From microscopic to macroscopic theories: Entropic aspects of ecological and economic processes. Ecological Economics 8, 3: 209-234.
7. Brown, Lester, Christopher Flavin, and Sandra Postel. 1991. Saving the planet: How to shape an environmentally sustainable global economy. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute.
8. Brown, Lester, Sandra Postel, and Christopher Flavin. 1991. From growth to sustainable development. In Environmentally sustainable economic development: Building on Brundtland.See Goodland et al. 1991.
9. Business Council for Sustainable Development. 1993. Getting ecoefficient. Report of the BCSD First Antwerp Eco-Efficiency Workshop, November 1993. Geneva: Business Council for Sustainable Development.
10. Caldwell, Lynton Keith. 1990. Between two worlds: Science, the environmental movement, and policy choice. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
11. Carpenter, R. A. 1994a. Personal communication with the author, November 25.
12. Carpenter, R. A. 1994b. Can we measure sustainability? Ecology International Bulletin 21: 27-36.
13. Carpenter, R. A. 1990. Biophysical measurement of sustainable development. The Environmental Professional 12: 356-359.
14. Catton, Wllliam. 1986. “Carrying capacity and the limits to freedom.” Paper prepared for Social Ecology Session 1, XI World Congress of Sociology, New Delhi, India, August 18.
15. Christensen, Paul. 1991. Driving forces, increasing returns, and ecological sustainability. In Ecological economics: The science and management of sustainability, R. Costanza, ed. New York: Columbia University Press.
16. Costanza, Robert, and Herman E. Daly. 1992. Natural capital and sustainable development. Conservation Biology 6, 1: 37-45.
17. Daly, Herman E. 1992. Steady-state economics: Concepts, questions, policies. Gaia 6: 333-338.
18. Daly, Herman E. 1991a. The circular flow of exchange value and the linear throughput of matter-energy: A case of misplaced concreteness. In Steady-state economics. See Daly 1991d.
19. Daly, Herman E. 1991b. The concept of a steady-state economy. In Steady-state economics. See Daly 1991d.
20. Daly, Herman E. 1991. From empty world economics to full world economics: Recognizing an historic turning point in economic development. In Environmentally sustainable economic development.See Goodland et al. 1991.
21. Daly, Herman E. 1991d. Steady-state economics. 2d ed. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
22. Daly, Herman E. 1990. Sustainable development: From concept and theory towards operational principles. As reprinted in Steady state economics. See Daly 1991d.
23. Dasgupta, P., and D. Heal. 1979. Economic theory and exhaustible resources. London: Cambridge University Press.
24. de Bruyn, S. M., and J. B. Opschoor. 1993. “De-or re-linking economic development with the environment.” Draft manuscript, Department of Spatial and Environmental Economics, Free University and limbergen Institute, The Netherlands. The Economist. 1994. November 5-11.
25. Ekins, Paul. 1993. “Limits to growth” and “sustainable development”: Grappling with ecological realities. Ecological Economics 8, 3: 269-288.
26. Ekins, Paul, and Michael Jacobs. 1994. Are environmental sustainability and economic growth compatible? In Energy-environment-economy modelling discussion paper no. 7. Cambridge, England: Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge.
27. Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas. 1980. The entropy law and the economic problem. In Economics, ecology, ethics: Essays towards a steady-state economy, Herman E. Daly, ed. San Francisco: Freeman.
28. Girardet, Herbert. 1992. The Gaia atlas of cities: New directions for sustainable urban living. New York: Anchor/Doubleday.
29. Goodland, Robert. 1991. The case that the world has reached limits. In Environmentally sustainable economic development.See Goodland et al. 1991.
30. Goodland, R., H. Daly, S. El Sarafy, and B. Von Droster, eds. 1991. Environmentally sustainable economic development: Building on Brundtland. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
31. Gurr, Ted R. 1985. On the political consequences of scarcity and economic decline. International Studies Quarterly 29: 51-75.
32. Hardin, Garrett. 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162: 1243-1248.
33. Holling, Crawford S. 1994. New science and new investments for a sustainable biosphere. In Investing in natural capital.See Jansson et al. 1994.
34. Homer-Dixon, Thomas E., Jeffrey H. Boutwell, and George W. Rathjens. 1993. Environmental change and violent conflict. Scientific American 268, 2: 38-45.
35. IUCN/UNEP/WWF (World Conservation Union/United Nations Environment Program/World Wide Fund for Nature). 1991. Caring for the Earth: A strategy for sustainable living. Gland, Switzerland: World Conservation Union/United Nations Environment Program/World Wide Fund for Nature.
36. Jacobs, Michael. 1991. The green economy. London: Pluto.
37. Jansson, A. M., M. Hammer, C. Folker, and R. Constanza, eds. 1994. Investing in natural capital: The ecological economics approach to sustainability. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
38. Jung, Hwa Yol, and Petee Jung. 1993. Francis Bacon's philosophy of nature: A postmodern critique. The Trumpeter 10, 3: 86-89.
39. Kay, James, and Erik Schneider. 1994. Embracing complexity: The challenge of the ecosystem approach. Alternatives 20, 3: 32-39.
40. Ludwig, Donald, Ray Hilbom, and Carl Walters. 1993. Uncertainty, resource exploitation, and conservation: Lessons from history. Science 260: 17-36.
41. Maturana, Humberto R., and Francisco J. Varela. 1988. The tree of knowledge. Boston: New Science Library.
42. Meadows, Donella H., Dennis L. Meadows, and Jorgen Randers. 1992. Beyond the limits. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.
43. Milbrath, Lester. 1989. Envisioning a sustainable society (Learning our way out). Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press.
44. Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning, and Envirornment. 1988. To choose or lose: National environmental policy plan. The Hague, The Netherlands: Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning, and Environment.
45. Mollison, Bill. 1990. Permaculture: A designer's manual. New South Wales, Australia: Tagari.
46. Nicolis, G., and I. Prigogine. 1977. Self-organization in nonequilibrium systems. Chichester, England: Wiley.
47. Nordhaus, William D. 1992. Lethal Model 2: The limits to growth revisited. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2: 1-43.
48. Ophuls, William, and A. Stephen Boyan, Jr. 1992. Ecology and the politics of scarcity revisited: The unraveling of the American dream. New York: Freeman.
49. Pearce, David. 1994a. “Sustainable consumption through economic instruments.” Paper prepared for the Government of Norway Symposium on Sustainable Consumption, Oslo, January 19-20.
50. Pearce, David. 1994b. Valuing the environment: Past practice, future prospect. CSERGE Working Paper no. PA94-02. London: University College Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment.
51. Pearce, David W., and Giles D. Atkinson. 1993. Capital theory and the measurement of sustainable development: An indicator of weak sustainability. Ecological Economics 8, 2: 103-108.
52. Pearce, David W., and Giles D. Atkinson. 1992. Are national economies sustainable? Measuring sustainable development. CSERGE Discussion Paper no. GEC 92-11. London: University College Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment.
53. Pearce, David, Edward Barbier, and Anil Markandya. 1990. Sustainable development: Economics and environment in the third world. Aldershot, U.K.: Edward Algar.
54. Pearce, David, Anil Markandya, and Edward Barbier. 1989. Blueprint for a green economy. London: Earthscan.
55. Pezzey, John. 1989. Economic analysis of sustainable growth and sustainable development. Environment Department Working Paper no. 15. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
56. Quarrie, Joyce, ed. 1992. Earth Summit '92. London: Regency Press. See United Nations 1992.
57. Rees, William E. 1994a. “Revisiting carrying capacity: Area-based indicators of sustainability.” Proceedings, the International Workshop on Evaluation Criteria for a Sustainable Economy, Institut fdr Verfahrenstechnik, Technische Universitat Graz, Graz, Austria, April 6-7.
58. Rees, William E. 1994b. “Sustainability, growth, and employment: Toward an ecologically sustainable, economically secure, and socially satisfying future.” Paper prepared for the IISD Employment and Sustainable Development Project. Winnipeg International Institute for Sustainable Development.
59. Rees, William E. 1992. Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: What urban economics leaves out. Environment and Urbanization 4, 2: 121-130.
60. Rees, William E. 1991. Economics, ecology, and the limits of conventional analysis. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association 41, 10: 1323-1327.
61. Rees, William E. 1990. The ecology of sustainable development. The Ecologist 20, 1: 18-23.
62. Also published as Sustainable development and the biosphere: Concepts and principles. Teilhard studies number 23. 1990. Chambersburg, Pa.: Anima Books (for American Teilhard Association for the Future of Man).
63. Rees, William, and Mark Roseland. 1991. Sustainable communities: Planning for the 21st century. Plan Canada 31, 3: 15-26.
64. Rees, William E., and Mathis Wackernagel. 1994. Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: Measuring the natural capital requirements of the human economy. In Investing in natural capital.See Jansson et al. 1994.
65. RMNO (Advisory Council for Research on Nature and Environment). 1994a. Sustainable resource management and resource use: Policy questions and research needs. Publication no. 97. Rijswijk, The Netherlands: Advisory Council for Research on Nature and Environment.
66. RMNO (Advisory Council for Research on Nature and Environment). 1994b. Toward environmental perfnnance indicators based on the notion of environmental space. Publication no. 96. Rijswijk, The Netherlands: Advisory Council for Research on Nature and Environment.
67. Roseland, Mark. 1992. Toward sustainable communities. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy.
68. Schmidt-Bleek, Friedrich. 1993a. MIPS—A universal ecological measure. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 1: 306-311.
69. Schmidt-Bleek, Friedrich. 1993b. MIPS revisited. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 2: 407-412.
70. Schneider, Eric D., and James J. Kay. 1994. Life as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics. Ontario: Department of Environment and Resource Studies, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo.Also forthcoming in Advances in Mathematics and Computers in Medicine.
71. Schulze, Peter C. 1994. Cost-benefit analysis and environmental policy. Ecological Economics 9, 3: 197-199.
72. Solow, Robert. 1986. On the intergenerational allocation of natural resources. Scandinavian Journal of Economics 88: 1.
73. Solow, Robert. 1974. The economics of resources or the resources of economics. American Economics Review 64, 2: 1-14.
74. Stackhouse, John. 1994. Rio Summit little more than a memory. Globe and Mail, December 10, p. A13.
75. Stahel, Walter, and Tim Jackson. 1993. Optimal utilization and durability. In Clean production strategies, Tim Jackson, ed. London: Lewis (for the Stockholm Environment Institute).
76. United Nations. 1992. Agenda 21. New York: United Nations (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development).
77. Vancouver. 1990. Clouds of change: Final Report of the City of Vancouver Task Force on Atmospheric Change. Vancouver, B.C.: City of Vancouver.
78. Vatn, Arild, and Daniel W. Bromley. 1993. Choices without prices without apologies. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 26: 129-148.
79. Victor, Peter A. 1991. Indicators of sustainable development: Some lessons from capital theory. Ecological Economics 4, 3: 191-213.
80. Victor, Peter A., Edward Hanna, and Atif Kubursi. 1994. “How strong is weak sustainability?” Paper prepared for a symposium on Models for Sustainable Development, Paris, March.Forthcoming in Sustainable development: Analysis and public policy, Silvie Faucheux, Jan van der Straaten, and Martin O'Connor, eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
81. Vitousek, Peter, Paul R. Ehrlich, Anne H. Ehrlich, and P. Matson. 1986. Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. BioScience 36, 6: 368-374.
82. von Weizsacker, Ernst U. 1994. Earth politics. London: Zed Books.
83. Wilson, E. O. 1988. The current state of biological diversity. In Biodiversity, E. O. Wilson, ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
84. WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). 1987. Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
85. Young, John, and Aaron Sachs. 1994. The next efficiency revolution: Creating a sustainable materials economy. Worldwatch Paper no. 121. Washington, D.C.: The Worldwatch Institute.