Japan and the Asian Development Bank

Pacific Affairs

Volumn 68, Issue 4, 1995, Pages 509-528

  Wan, Ming ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK; BANKING ROLE; FINANCIAL PROVISION; INSTITUTIONAL LINKAGE;

JAPAN;

EID: 0029474639     PISSN: 0030851X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2761274     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Before ADF was established in 1974, there had been the Agricultural Special Fund and the Multi-Purpose Special Fund. Now besides the ADF, there are the Technical Assistance Special Fund for technical assistance and the Japan Special Fund created and funded by Japan in 1990.
2. In addition, the Technical Assistance Special Fund had received $427.5 million and the Japan Special Fund $348.9 million. The statistics regarding the ADB in this paper are from ADB, Asian Development Bank Annual Report, various years, unless indicated otherwise.
3. For the creation of the ADB, see Po-wen Huang, Jr., The Asian Development Bank (New York: Vantage, 1975), pp. 19-120; Takeshi Watanabe, Towards a New Asia (Singapore: ADB, 1977), pp. 1-25; and R. Krishnamurti, ADB: The Seeding Days (Manila: ADB, 1977), pp. 1-41.
4. For the creation of the ADB, see Po-wen Huang, Jr., The Asian Development Bank (New York: Vantage, 1975), pp. 19-120; Takeshi Watanabe, Towards a New Asia (Singapore: ADB, 1977), pp. 1-25; and R. Krishnamurti, ADB: The Seeding Days (Manila: ADB, 1977), pp. 1-41.
5. For the creation of the ADB, see Po-wen Huang, Jr., The Asian Development Bank (New York: Vantage, 1975), pp. 19-120; Takeshi Watanabe, Towards a New Asia (Singapore: ADB, 1977), pp. 1-25; and R. Krishnamurti, ADB: The Seeding Days (Manila: ADB, 1977), pp. 1-41.
6. Watanabe, Towards a New Asia, p. 91.
7. Dennis Yasutomo, Japan and the Asian Development Bank (New York: Praeger, 1983), p. 91-118, and Watanabe, Towards a New Asia, pp. 26-99.
8. Dennis Yasutomo, Japan and the Asian Development Bank (New York: Praeger, 1983), p. 91-118, and Watanabe, Towards a New Asia, pp. 26-99.
9. Stephen Krasner, "Power Structures and Regional Development Banks," International Organization, vol. 35, no. 2 (Spring 1981), p. 319.
10. Robert Wihtol, ADB and Rural Development (Oxford: Macmillan, 1988), pp. 38-42.
11. Watanabe, Towards a New Asia, p. 19.
12. He opposed the conditions the Japanese government attached to the Agricultural Special Fund. Yasutomo, Japan and ADB, p. 110-11. He later proposed to establish a unified special fund with no attached conditions, which would be "inconvenient" for Japan's immediate commercial interests. Watanabe, Towards a New Asia, p. 93.
13. He opposed the conditions the Japanese government attached to the Agricultural Special Fund. Yasutomo, Japan and ADB, p. 110-11. He later proposed to establish a unified special fund with no attached conditions, which would be "inconvenient" for Japan's immediate commercial interests. Watanabe, Towards a New Asia, p. 93.
14. Quoted in Yasutomo, Japan and ADB, p. 111.
15. Far Eastern Economic Review, 16 May 1985, p. 63.
16. For the U.S. position, see a Treasury Report, U.S. Participation in the Multilateral Development Banks in the 1980s, 1982.
17. Wihtol, ADB and Rural Development, p. 46.
18. Jonathan Sanford and Margaret Goodman, "Congressional Oversight and the Multilateral Development Banks," International Organization, vol. 29, no. 4 (Autumn 1975), pp. 1055-64.
19. Asian Finance, 15 April 1986, p. 74.
20. The members of ASEAN, for instance, did not coordinate their policies towards the bank (an interview with a senior diplomat from an ASEAN nation in April 1992).
21. Far Eastern Economic Review, 19 May 1983, p. 55.
22. Yasutomo, Japan and ADB, pp. 127-29. The Administration Department was later divided into the Budget, Personnel and Management Systems Department, and the Office of Administrative Services.
23. This point was confirmed in an interview with MOF officials in March 1992.
24. Quoted in Dick Wilson, A Bank for Half the World (ADB, 1987), p. 283.
25. Ibid., p. 86.
26. Yasutomo, Japan and ADB, p. 152.
27. "Why does Japan need a bigger voice in the Bank?" he asks. "It [Japan's contribution] is a cost-saving way to expand the national purpose of giving more help to developing countries," he reasons. Quoted in Wilson, A Bank for Half the World, p. 283.
28. Ekonomisuto, 30 March 1982, pp. 46-17.
29. Quoted in Dennis Yasutomo, "Japan and the Asian Development Bank," in Bruce M. Koppel and Robert M. Orr, Jr., eds., Japan's Foreign Aid: Power and Policy in a New Era (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993), p. 318.
30. Kinzai Weekly, 26 April 1982, p. 53.
31. An interview with MOF officials in Tokyo in August 1992.
32. See Ming Wan, "Spending Strategies in World Politics: How Japan Has Used its Economic Power in the Past Decade," International Studies Quarterly, vol. 39, no. 1 (March 1995), pp. 85-108.
33. Yasutomo, "Japan and the Asian Development Bank," p. 330.
34. Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 May 1993, pp. 52-53.
35. The Reuter European Business Report, 5 May 1994, and Far Eastern Economic Review, 19 May 1994, p. 47.
36. The Reuter European Business Report, 5 May 1994, and Far Eastern Economic Review, 19 May 1994, p. 47.
37. The Reuter European Business Report, 5 May 1994.
38. Japan Economic Newswire, 4 May 1995; International Herald Tribune, 6 May 1995; The Straits Times, 6 May 1995, p. 6; Institutional Investor, June 1995, p. 17; and Business Times, 10 May 1995, pp. 6-7.
39. Japan Economic Newswire, 4 May 1995; International Herald Tribune, 6 May 1995; The Straits Times, 6 May 1995, p. 6; Institutional Investor, June 1995, p. 17; and Business Times, 10 May 1995, pp. 6-7.
40. Japan Economic Newswire, 4 May 1995; International Herald Tribune, 6 May 1995; The Straits Times, 6 May 1995, p. 6; Institutional Investor, June 1995, p. 17; and Business Times, 10 May 1995, pp. 6-7.
41. Japan Economic Newswire, 4 May 1995; International Herald Tribune, 6 May 1995; The Straits Times, 6 May 1995, p. 6; Institutional Investor, June 1995, p. 17; and Business Times, 10 May 1995, pp. 6-7.
42. Japan Economic Newswire, 4 May 1995; International Herald Tribune, 6 May 1995; The Straits Times, 6 May 1995, p. 6; Institutional Investor, June 1995, p. 17; and Business Times, 10 May 1995, pp. 6-7.
43. The Reuter Asia-Pacific Business Report, 3 May 1995.
44. Asian Finance, 15 April 1988, p. 34.
45. ADB Annual Report, 1988 through 1992.
46. The Weekly Tayo Keizai, 2 May 1987, p. 54, and Nihon Keizai Kenkyu Senta Kaiho, 1 November 1987, pp. 23-24.
47. The Weekly Tayo Keizai, 2 May 1987, p. 54, and Nihon Keizai Kenkyu Senta Kaiho, 1 November 1987, pp. 23-24.
48. Nikkei, 4 November 1991, p. 9.
49. Japan Economic Newswire, 5 May 1995, and Mainichi News, 30 September 1994, pp. 3-4.
50. Japan Economic Newswire, 5 May 1995, and Mainichi News, 30 September 1994, pp. 3-4.
51. Far Eastern Economic Review, 18 May 1989, p. 82.