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1
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84916508722
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Descriptive information and data on this fishery are primarily from the annual reports on the fishery, the most recent of which is Dollar, R.A., Annual Report of the 1994 Western Pacific Lobster Fishery, Southwest Fisheries Science Center Administrative Report H-95-06, 1995, 33 pp. The regulatory structure is described in Amendment 8: Fishery Management Plan for the Crustacean Fisheries of the Western Pacific Region, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, HI, 1994.
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2
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84916474264
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This decline has subsequently been attributed to a deterioration of the carrying capacity of the environment, which was caused by changes in nutrient levels associated with atmospheric and oceanographic cycles. See Polovina, J. J. & Mitchum, G. T., Variability in spiny lobster Panulirus marginatus recruitment and sea level in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Fishery Bulletin, 90 (1992) 483–493; and Polovina, J. J., Mitchum, G. T., Graham, N. E., Craig, M. P., Martini, E. E. &i Flint, E. N., Physical and biological consequences of a climate event in the central North Pacific. Fisheries Oceanography, 3(1) (1994) 15–21.
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3
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84916520080
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To simplify enforcement, the quota is measured as the total number of both species that are landed. Most of the product is processed into frozen tails on board. To state a quota in live weight terms would require the use of conversions from frozen tail weight to live weight for each species, which would complicate enforcement for both the industry and the government.
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10
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0001932799
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Conceptual origins of rights based fishing
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P.A. Neher, R. Arnason, N. Mollett, Kluwer, Boston
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(1989)
Rights Based Fishing
, pp. 11-38
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Scott1
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11
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84916523578
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While the reasons for this narrowing of the concept are difficult to pinpoint, it seems that the analogy of the fisheries owner to the farm owner was a powerful metaphor that shaped the analyses.
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14
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85086607382
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Compare with the analysis of Edwards, S. S., Ownership of renewable ocean resources
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(1994)
Marine Resource Economics
, vol.9
, pp. 253-273
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15
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0025626139
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Entry restrictions in the fishery: a survey of the evidence
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See, for example
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(1990)
Land Economics
, vol.66
, pp. 359-378
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Townsend1
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16
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0024422189
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Fisheries co-management: delegating government responsibility to fishermen's organizations
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See, for example
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(1989)
Marine Policy
, vol.13
, pp. 137-154
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Jentoft1
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18
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0001932799
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Conceptual origins of rights based fishing
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P.A. Neher, R. Arnason, N. Mollett, Kluwer, Boston, suggests distribution of ownership rights in a governance institution in proportion to some existing ITQ program
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(1989)
Rights Based Fishing
, pp. 116
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Scott1
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19
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0024422189
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Fisheries co-management: delegating government responsibility to fishermen's organizations
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See, for example
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(1989)
Marine Policy
, vol.13
, pp. 137-154
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Jentoft1
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