Logical Foundations of Object-Oriented and Frame-Based Languages

Journal of the ACM (JACM)

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 1995, Pages 741-843

  Kifer, Michael ^a   Lausen, George ^b   Wu, James ^c  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^c Renaissance Software Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

deductive databases; frame based languages; logic programming; nonmonotonic inheritance; Object oriented programming; proof theory; semantics; typing

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS; DATABASE SYSTEMS; FORMAL LOGIC; LOGIC PROGRAMMING; QUERY LANGUAGES; THEOREM PROVING;

DEDUCTIVE DATABASES; FRAME-BASED LANGUAGES; MONOTONIC INHERITANCE; SEMANTICS;

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING;

EID: 0029333530     PISSN: 00045411     EISSN: 1557735X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/210332.210335     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Abiteboul, S.Beeri, C. On the power of languages for manipulation of complex objects. VLDB 7., to appear.
2. Abiteboul, S.Grumbach, S. 1987. COL: A logic-based language for complex objects. In Workshop on Database Programming Languages, (Roscoff, France, Sept.), pp. 253–276.
3. Abiteboul, S.Kanellakis, P. C. 1989. Object identity as a query language primitive. In Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (Portland, Ore., May 31-June 2). ACM, New York, pp. 159–173.
4. Abiteboul, S., Lausen, G., Uphoff, H., and Waller, E. 1993. Methods and rules. In Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, (Washington, D.C., May 26–28). ACM, New York, pp. 32–41.
5. Abiteboul, S.Vianu, V. 1988. Procedural and declarative database update languages. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Austin, Tex., Mar. 22–23). ACM, New York, pp. 240–250.
6. Ait-Kaci, H. 1986. an algebraic semantics approach to the effective resolution of type equations. Theorct. Comput. Sen 45, 293–351.
7. Ait-Kaci, H.Nasr, R. 1986. LOGIN: A logic programming language with built-in inheritance.J. Logic Prog. 3. 185 – 215 ajt-kaci, H., and podelski, A. 1993. Towards a meaning of LIFE.J. Logic Prog. 16 196 234.
8. Anderson, R.Bledsoe, W. W. 1970. A linear format resolution with merging and a new technique for establishing completeness. /, ACM 17,3 (July), 525–534.
9. Atkinson, M., Bancilhon, F., Dewitt, D., Dittrich, K., Maier, D., and Zdonik, S. 1989. The object-oriented database system manifesto. In International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases (DOOD). North Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 40–57.
10. Balaban, M. 1986. The generalized concept formalism—A frames and logic based representation model. In Proceedings of the Canadian Artificial Intelligence Conference. pp. 215–219.
11. Balaban, M.Strack, S. 1988. LOGSTER—A relational, object-oriented system for knowledge representation. In International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems (ISMIS). North Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 210–219.
12. Bancilhon, F. 1988. Object-oriented database systems. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Austin, Tex., Mar. 21–23). ACM, New York, pp. 152–162.
13. Bancilhon, F.Khoshafian S. N. 1989. A calculus of complex objects. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 38, 2 (Apr.), 326–340.
14. Banerjee, J,, kim, W., and kim, K. C. 1988. Queries in object-oriented databases. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, Calif., (Feb.). IEEE, New York, pp. 31–39.
15. Beeri, C. 1989. Formal models for object-oriented databases. In International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases {DOOD). Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 370–395.
16. Beeri, C., naqvi, S„ shmueli, O., and tsur, S. 1987. Sets and negation in a logic database language (LDL). Tech. rep. MCC, Austin, Tex.
17. Beeri, C., Nasr, R., and Tsur, S. 1988. Embedding i/r-terms in a horn-clause logic language. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Data and Knowledge Bases: Improving Usability and Responsiveness, Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif., pp. 374 359.
18. Beeri C.Ramakrishnan, R. 1991. On the power of magic. J. Logic Prog. 10 255–300.
19. Berstein B.P. A., dayal|dewitt|gawlick|gray|jarke|j, Jarke, M„ lindsay, B. g., lockemann, P. C., maier, d., neuhold, e. j., reuter, A., rowe, l. A., schek, h. J., schmidt, j. W., schrefl, M., and stonebreaker, M. 1989. Future directions in DBMS research (The Laguna Beach report). SIGMOD Record 18, 1 (Mar.), 17–26.
20. Blair B.H. A., and subrahmanian, V. S. 1989. Paraconsistent logic programming. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 68, 135–154.
21. Bonner B.A. J., and kifer, M. 1995. Transaction logic programming (or a logic of declarative and procedural knowledge). Tech. Rep. CSRI-323. Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Apr. 1995. Available in csri-technical-reports/323/report.ps by anonymous ftp to csri.toronto.edu.
22. bonner, a. J., and kifer, M. 1993. Transaction logic programming. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP) (Budapest, Hungary). June. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 251–282.
23. Bonner B.A., and kifer, M. 1994. An overview of transaction logic, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 133 205 265.
24. Brass, S.Lipeck, U. W. 1991. Semantics of inheritance in logical object specifications. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases {DOOD) (Dec.). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 411–430.
25. Brewka, G. 1987. The logic of inheritance in frame systems. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI). Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif., pp. 483–488.
26. Bugliesi, M.Jamil, H. M. 1994. A logic for encapsulation in object-oriented languages. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Programming Language Implementation and Logic Programming (Madrid, Spain, Sept.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 215–229.
27. Buneman, P.Frankel, R. E. 1979. FQL—A functional query language. In Proceedings of the 1979 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (Boston, Mass., May 30-June 1). ACM, New York, pp. 52–58.
28. Buneman, P.Ohori, A. 1991. Using powerdomains to generalize relational databases. Theoret. Comput. Sci., 9L 1, 23–55.
29. Cardelli, L. 1988. A semantics of multiple inheritance. Inf. Comput. 76, 2 (Feb.), 138–164. carey, M, dewitt, D., and vanderberg, S. 1988. A data model and query language for EXODUS. In Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (Chicago, III, June 1 3). ACM, New York, pp. 413 423.
30. Chang, C.C. L., and lee, R. C. T. 1973. Symbolic Logic and Mechanical Theorem Proving. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla.
31. Chen, W. 1987. A theory of modules based on second-order logic. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Logic Programming (SLP) (Sept.) IEEE, New York, pp. 24–33.
32. Chen, W., and kifer, M. 1993. Polymorphic types higher-order logic programming. Tech. Rep. 93/20. Dept. Computer Science, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, N.Y., Dec. 93
33. chen, w., kifer, M., and warren, D. S. 1993. HiLog: A foundation for higher-order logic programming. J. Logic Prog. 15, 3 (Feb.), 187–230.
34. chen, w., and warren, D. S. 1989. C-logic for complex objects. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-S1GART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Philadelphia, Pa,, Mar. 29–31). ACM, New York, pp. 369–378.
35. Clocksin, C.W. F., and mellish, C. S. 1981. Programming in Prolog. Sprmger-Verlag, New York.
36. Cook, C.W. R., hill, W. L., and canning, P. S. 1990. Inheritance is not subtyping. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (San Francisco, Calif., Jan, 17–19). ACM, New York, pp. 125–136.
37. Dietrich D.S. W. 1987. Extension tables: Memo relations in logic programming. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Logic Programming (SLP) (Sept.). IEEE, New York, pp. 264–273.
38. Dobbie, G.Topor, R. 1995. On the declarative and procedural semantics of deductive object-oriented systems.J. Int. Inf, Syst. 4 193 219.
39. Enderton, E.H. B. 1972. A Mathematical Introduction to Logic. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla
40. Etherington, E.D. W., and rieter, r. 1983. On inheritance hierarchies with exceptions. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (A4AI) (Washington, D.C.). AAAI Press, Menlo Park, Calif, pp. 104–108.
41. Flkes, R.Kehler, T. 1985. the role of frame-based representation in reasoning. Commun. ACM 28, 9 (Sept.), 904–920.
42. Frohn, J., Lausen, G., and Uphoff, H. 1994. Access to objects by path expressions and rules. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) (Santiago, Chile). Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif., pp. 273–284.
43. Garey G.M. R., and Johnson, D S. 1978. Computers and Intractability. A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, Freeman and Company, San Francisco, Calif.
44. Geffner, H.Verma, T. 1989. Inheritance = chaining + defeat. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems (ISMIS). pp. 411–418.
45. Gelfond, M.Lifschitz, V, 1988. The stable model semantics for logic programming. In Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 5th Conference and Symposium, pp. 1070 1080.
46. Hall, H.R. P. 1989. Computational approaches to analogical reasoning: A comparative study. Artif. Int. 30, 39–120.
47. Hayes, H.P. J. 1979. The logic for frames. In Frame Conception and Text Understanding. D. Metzing, ed. Walter de Gruyter and Co., pp. 46–61.
48. Hill, P.Topor, R. 1992. A semantics for typed logic programs. In Types in Yogic Programming. F. Pfenning, ed. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp, 1–62.
49. Horty, H.J. F., thomason, R. H., and touretzky, D. S. 1987. A skeptical theory of inheritancenonmonotonic semantic nets. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). AAAI Press, Menlo Park, Calif., pp. 358–363.
50. Hull, Ryoshikawa, M. 1990. ILOG: Declarative creation and manipulation of object identifiers. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) (Brisbane, Australia). Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif., pp 455–468.
51. Kesim, F. N., and Sergot, M. 1992. On the evolution of objects in a logic programming framework. In (Tokyo, Japan, North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. kesim, f. N., and sergot, m. 1052 1992. Proceedings of the International Conference on 5th Generation Computer Systems
52. Khoshafian K.S. and Copeland, G. P. 1986. Proceedings of the International Conference on Object-Onented Programming Systems and Languages (OOPSLA) (Portland. and copeland, G. P. Object identity. In Ore., Sept. 29- 2). ACM, New York, pp. 406 416 1986.
53. Kifer, M., Kim, W., and Sagiv, Y. 1992. Querying object-oriented databases. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data (San Diego, Calif., June 2–5). ACM, New York, pp. 393–402.
54. Kifer, M.Lausen, G. 1989. F-logic: A higher-order language for reasoning about objects, inheritance, and schema. In Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (Portland, Ore., May 31-June 2) ACM, New York, pp. 134–146. kifer, M., and lozinskii, E. L. 1992. A logic for reasoning with inconsistency.J. Autom. Reos. 9, 2 (Nov.), 179–215.
55. Kifer, M.Subrahmanian, V. S. 1992. Theory of generalized annotated logic programming and its applications. J. Logic Prog. 12, 4 (Apr.), 335–368.
56. Kifer, M., and wu, J. 1989. A logic for object-oriented logic programming (Maier's O-logic: Revisited), fn Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Philadelphia, Pa., Mar. 29–31). ACM, New York, pp. 379–393.
57. Kifer, M., and W., J. 1990/1991. A first-order theory of types and polymorphism in logic programming. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS) (Amster-dam, The Netherlands, July) pp. 310–321, July 1991. (Expanded version: TR 90/23 under the same title, Department of Computer Science, University at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, N.Y., 1990/
58. Kifer, M., and W., J. 1993. A logic for programming with complex objects. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 47, 1 (Aug.), 77–120.
59. Kim, W., Banerjee, J., chou, H-T., garza, J. F., and woelk, D. 1987. Composite object support in an object-oriented database system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems and Languages (OOPSLA) (Orlando, Fla., Oct. 4–8), ACM. New York, pp. 118–125.
60. Kolaitis K.P. and papadimitriou, C. H. 1988. Why not negation by fixpoint. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Austin, Tex., Mar. 21–23). ACM, New York, pp. 231–239.
61. Krishnamurthy, R.Naqvi, S. 1988. Towards a real horn clause language. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB). Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif., pp. 252–263.
62. Krishnaprasad, T., Kifer, M., and Warren, D. S. 1989a. On the circumscriptive semantics of inheritance networks. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligence Systems. North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 448–457.
63. Krishnaprasad, T., Kifer, M., and Warren, D. S. 1989b. On the declarative semantics of inheritance networks. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). pp. 1099 1103.
64. Kuper K.G. 1987. An extension of LPS to arbitrary sets. Tech. rep. IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York.
65. Kuper K.G. 1990. Logic programming with sets. /. Comput. Syst. Sci. 41, 1 (Aug.), 44–64.
66. Kuper, G„ and Vardi, M. Y. 1984. A new approach to database logic. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Waterloo, Ont., Canada, Apr. 2–4). ACM, New York, pp. 86–96.
67. Laenens, E., Sacca, D., and Vermeir, D. 1990. Extending logic programming. In Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (Atlantic City, N.J., May 23–25). ACM, New York, pp. 184–193.
68. Laenens, E.Vermeir, D. 1990. A fixpoint semantics for ordered logic. J. Logic Comput. /, 2, 159–185.
69. Lecluse, C.Richard, P. 1989. The 0 2 database programming language. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Vety Large Data Bases (Aug.). Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif., pp. 411–422.
70. Lloyd, L.J. W. 1987. Foundations of Logic Programming (Second Edition). Springer-Verlag, New York.
71. Maier, D. 1986. A logic for objects. In Workshop on Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming (Washington, D.C., Aug.) pp. 6–26.
72. Maier, D. 1987. Why database languages are a bad idea (position paper). In Proceedings of the Workshop on Database Programming Languages (Roscoff, France, Sept.).
73. Maier, D. 1989. Why isn't there an object-oriented data model? Tech, rep., Oregon Graduate Center, OGI, Beaverton, Ore., May.
74. mccabe, f. G. 1992. Logic and Objects. Prentice-Hall International, London, England.
75. Mccarthy, J. 1979. First-order theories of individual concepts and propositions. In Machine Intelligence, Vol. 9, J. E. Hayes and D. Michie, eds. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 129—147.
76. Meyer, B. 1988. Object-Oriented Software Construction. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
77. Miller, D. 1989. A logical analysis of modules in logic programming. J. Logic Prog. 6, 79–108.
78. Minsky, M. 1981. A framework for representing knowledge.Mind Design, J. Haugeland, ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 95 – 128. mishra, P. 1984. Towards a theory of types in Prolog. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Logic Programming {SLP). IEEE, New York, pp. 289–298.
79. Mitchell, M.J. C. 1990. Toward a typed foundation for method specialization and inheritance. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Svmposmm on Principles of Programming Languages (San Francisco, Calif. Jan. 17–19). ACM, New York, pp. 109–124.
80. Morris, K., Naughton, J., Saraiya, Y., Ullman, J., and van gelder, A. 1989. YAWN! (Yet another window on NAIL!). IEEE Database Engineering 6, 221–226.
81. Motro, A. 1986. BAROQUE: A browser for relational databases. ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst. 4, 2, 164–181.
82. Naqvi, S.Tsur, S. 1989. A Logical Language for Data and Knowledge Bases. Computer Science Press, Rockville, Md.
83. Phipps, G., Derr, M. A., and Ross, K. A. 1991. Glue-Nail: A deductive database system. In Proceedings of the 1991 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (Denver, Colo., May 29–31). ACM, New York, pp. 308–317.
84. Przymusinska, H.Gelfond, M. 1989. Inheritance hierarchies and Auto-epistemic logic. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems. North-Hol-land, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 919–929.
85. Przvmusinski, P.T. C. 1988. On the declarative semantics of deductive databases and logic programs. In Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming, J. Minker, ed. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif., pp. 193–216.
86. Przymusinski. T. C. 1989. Every logic program has a natural stratification and an iterated least fixed point model. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Philadelphia, Pa., Mar. 29–31). ACM, New York, pp. 11–21.
87. Ramakrishnan, R. 1988. Magic Templates. A spellbinding approach to logic programs. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Logic Programming. IEEE, New York, pp. 140–159.
88. Ross, K. 1992. Relations with relation names as argument: Algebra and calculus. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (San Diego, Calif, June 2–4). ACM, New York, pp. 346–353.
89. Roth, R.M. A, Korth, H. f„ and batory, D. S. 1987. SQL/NF: A query language for -i INF relational databases. Inf. Syst. 12, 1, 99–114.
90. Schmidt, S.J. W. 1977. Some high-level language constructs for data of type relation. ACM Trans. Datab. Syst. 2, 3 (Sept.), 247–261.
91. Shipman, S.D. W. 1981. The functional data model and the data language DAPLEX. ACM Trans. Datab. Syst. 140–173.
92. Stefik, Mbobrow, D. G. 1986. Object-oriented programming: Themes and variations. 40–62.AI Mag.
93. Stroustrup, B. 1986. The C++ Programming Language. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
94. Tamaki, Hsato, T. 1986. OLD resolution with tabulation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP). MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 84–98.
95. Thirunarayan, K.Kifer, M. 1993. A theory of nonmonotonic inheritance based on annotated logic. Artif. Int. 60, 1, (Mar.), 23–50.
96. Touretzky, T.D. S. 1986. The Mathematics of Inheritance. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, Calif.
97. Touretzky, T.D. S, Horty, J. F., and Thomason, R. H. 1987. A clash of intuitions: The current state of nonmonotonic multiple inheritance systems. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). pp. 476–482.
98. Ullman, U.J. D. 1987. Database theory—Past and future. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (San Diego, Calif, Mar. 23–25). ACM, New York, pp. 1–10.
99. Ullman, J. F. 1988.Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems, vol, 1. Computer Science Press, Rockville, Md.
100. Van Gelder, A. 1989. The alternating fixpoint of logic programs with negation. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (Philadelphia, Pa., Mar. 29–31). ACM, New York, pp. 1–10.
101. Van Gelder, A, Ross, K. A.Schlipf, J. S. 1991. The well-founded semantics for general logic proprams. J. ACM 38, 3, 620–650.
102. Warren, W.D. S. 1992. Memoing for logic programming. Commun. ACM, 35, 3 (Mar.) 93–111.
103. Wegner, P. 1987. The object-oriented classification paradigm. In Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming, B. Shriver and P. Wegner, eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, pp. 479–560. Wu, J. 1992. A theory of types and polymorphism in logic programming. Ph.D. dissertation, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, N.Y.
104. Xu, J. 1989. A theory of types and type inference in logic programming languages. Ph.D. dissertation, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, N.Y.
105. Yardent, E., Fruehwirth, T., and Shapiro, E. 1991. Polymorphic ally typed logic programs. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP) (Paris, France, June). MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 379–398.
106. Yardeni, E.Shapiro, E. 1987. A type system for logic programs. In Concurrent Prolog, vol. 2, E. Shapiro, ed. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
107. Zaniolo, C. 1983. The database language GEM. In Proceedings of the 1983 ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, (San Jose, Calif., May 23–26), ACM, New York, pp. 207–214
108. Zaniolo, C., Ait-Kaci, H., Beech, D., Cammarata, S., Kerschberg, L., and Maier, D. 1985. Object-oriented database and knowledge systems. Tech. Rep. DB-038-85, MCC, Austin, Tex.