Ferromagnetic interactions in organic/ Molecular materials

Advanced Materials

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 221-225

  Veciana, Jaume ^a   Cirujeda, Joan ^a   Rovira, Concepció ^a   Vidal Gancedo, José ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIA DE MATERIALS DE BARCELONA ICMAB CSIC   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE TRANSFER; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; FERROMAGNETISM; FREE RADICALS; HYDROGEN BONDS; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; VAN DER WAALS FORCES;

CRYSTAL PACKING; INTERMOLECULAR MAGNETIC EXCHANGE; MCCONNELL I MECHANISM; MOLECULAR SYSTEMS;

DERIVATIVES;

EID: 0029255952     PISSN: 09359648     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/adma.19950070227     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. For recent overviews, see a) Molecular Magnetic Materials (Eds: D. Gatteschi, O. Kahn, J. S. Miller, F. Palacio), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1991. b) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, Special Issue (Eds: H. Iwamura, J. S. Miller). c) O. Kahn, Molecular Magnetism, VCH, Weinheim 1993. d) J. S. Miller, A. J. Epstein, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385.
2. For recent overviews, see a) Molecular Magnetic Materials (Eds: D. Gatteschi, O. Kahn, J. S. Miller, F. Palacio), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1991. b) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, Special Issue (Eds: H. Iwamura, J. S. Miller). c) O. Kahn, Molecular Magnetism, VCH, Weinheim 1993. d) J. S. Miller, A. J. Epstein, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385.
3. For recent overviews, see a) Molecular Magnetic Materials (Eds: D. Gatteschi, O. Kahn, J. S. Miller, F. Palacio), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1991. b) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, Special Issue (Eds: H. Iwamura, J. S. Miller). c) O. Kahn, Molecular Magnetism, VCH, Weinheim 1993. d) J. S. Miller, A. J. Epstein, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385.
4. For recent overviews, see a) Molecular Magnetic Materials (Eds: D. Gatteschi, O. Kahn, J. S. Miller, F. Palacio), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 1991. b) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, Special Issue (Eds: H. Iwamura, J. S. Miller). c) O. Kahn, Molecular Magnetism, VCH, Weinheim 1993. d) J. S. Miller, A. J. Epstein, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 385.
5. The three first publications on purely organic ferromagnets are: a) H. Tamura, Y. Nakazawa, D. Shiomi, K. Nozawa, Y. Hosokoshi, M. Ishikawa, M. Takahashi, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 186, 401. b) P.-M. Allemand, K. C. Khemani, A. Koch, F. Wudl, K. Holczer, S. Donovan, G. Grüner, J. D. Thompson, Science 1991, 253, 301. c) R. Chiarelli, A. Rassat, P. Rey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1081. R. Chiarelli, M. A. Novak, A. Rassat, J. L. Tholence, Nature 1993, 363, 147.
6. The three first publications on purely organic ferromagnets are: a) H. Tamura, Y. Nakazawa, D. Shiomi, K. Nozawa, Y. Hosokoshi, M. Ishikawa, M. Takahashi, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 186, 401. b) P.-M. Allemand, K. C. Khemani, A. Koch, F. Wudl, K. Holczer, S. Donovan, G. Grüner, J. D. Thompson, Science 1991, 253, 301. c) R. Chiarelli, A. Rassat, P. Rey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1081. R. Chiarelli, M. A. Novak, A. Rassat, J. L. Tholence, Nature 1993, 363, 147.
7. The three first publications on purely organic ferromagnets are: a) H. Tamura, Y. Nakazawa, D. Shiomi, K. Nozawa, Y. Hosokoshi, M. Ishikawa, M. Takahashi, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 186, 401. b) P.-M. Allemand, K. C. Khemani, A. Koch, F. Wudl, K. Holczer, S. Donovan, G. Grüner, J. D. Thompson, Science 1991, 253, 301. c) R. Chiarelli, A. Rassat, P. Rey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1081. R. Chiarelli, M. A. Novak, A. Rassat, J. L. Tholence, Nature 1993, 363, 147.
8. The three first publications on purely organic ferromagnets are: a) H. Tamura, Y. Nakazawa, D. Shiomi, K. Nozawa, Y. Hosokoshi, M. Ishikawa, M. Takahashi, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1991, 186, 401. b) P.-M. Allemand, K. C. Khemani, A. Koch, F. Wudl, K. Holczer, S. Donovan, G. Grüner, J. D. Thompson, Science 1991, 253, 301. c) R. Chiarelli, A. Rassat, P. Rey, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1081. R. Chiarelli, M. A. Novak, A. Rassat, J. L. Tholence, Nature 1993, 363, 147.
9. For examples of the use of crystal engineering tools to control the crystal packing and the resulting magnetic properties of organic molecular solids, see: K. Awaga, T. Sugano, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 41, 540. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9391. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, Synth. Met. 1991, 41-43, 3245 . K. Awaga, T. Inabe, Y. Maruyama, T. Nakamura, M. Matsumoto, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 195, 21. J. Veciana, C. Rovira, E. Hernández, E. Molins, M. Mas, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, 163.
10. For examples of the use of crystal engineering tools to control the crystal packing and the resulting magnetic properties of organic molecular solids, see: K. Awaga, T. Sugano, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 41, 540. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9391. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, Synth. Met. 1991, 41-43, 3245 . K. Awaga, T. Inabe, Y. Maruyama, T. Nakamura, M. Matsumoto, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 195, 21. J. Veciana, C. Rovira, E. Hernández, E. Molins, M. Mas, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, 163.
11. For examples of the use of crystal engineering tools to control the crystal packing and the resulting magnetic properties of organic molecular solids, see: K. Awaga, T. Sugano, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 41, 540. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9391. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, Synth. Met. 1991, 41-43, 3245 . K. Awaga, T. Inabe, Y. Maruyama, T. Nakamura, M. Matsumoto, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 195, 21. J. Veciana, C. Rovira, E. Hernández, E. Molins, M. Mas, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, 163.
12. For examples of the use of crystal engineering tools to control the crystal packing and the resulting magnetic properties of organic molecular solids, see: K. Awaga, T. Sugano, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 41, 540. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9391. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, Synth. Met. 1991, 41-43, 3245 . K. Awaga, T. Inabe, Y. Maruyama, T. Nakamura, M. Matsumoto, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 195, 21. J. Veciana, C. Rovira, E. Hernández, E. Molins, M. Mas, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, 163.
13. For examples of the use of crystal engineering tools to control the crystal packing and the resulting magnetic properties of organic molecular solids, see: K. Awaga, T. Sugano, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 41, 540. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9391. P.-M. Allemand, G. Srdanov, F. Wudl, Synth. Met. 1991, 41-43, 3245 . K. Awaga, T. Inabe, Y. Maruyama, T. Nakamura, M. Matsumoto, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1992, 195, 21. J. Veciana, C. Rovira, E. Hernández, E. Molins, M. Mas, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1993, 232, 163.
14. For precedents on the transmission of FM interactions in transition metal complexes, see: T. Culvahouse, C. L. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 1079. E. J. Laskowki, D. N. Hendrickson, Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 457 . R. Butcher, C. J. O'Connor, E. Sinn, Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3486. H. Muhonen, Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4692. B. N. Figgis, E. S. Kucharski, M. Vrtis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 176. D. Bodeaux, J. X. Boucherle, B. Delley, B. Gillon, E. Ressouche, J. Schweizer, Z. Naturforsch. A 1993, 48, 117.
15. For precedents on the transmission of FM interactions in transition metal complexes, see: T. Culvahouse, C. L. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 1079. E. J. Laskowki, D. N. Hendrickson, Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 457 . R. Butcher, C. J. O'Connor, E. Sinn, Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3486. H. Muhonen, Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4692. B. N. Figgis, E. S. Kucharski, M. Vrtis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 176. D. Bodeaux, J. X. Boucherle, B. Delley, B. Gillon, E. Ressouche, J. Schweizer, Z. Naturforsch. A 1993, 48, 117.
16. For precedents on the transmission of FM interactions in transition metal complexes, see: T. Culvahouse, C. L. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 1079. E. J. Laskowki, D. N. Hendrickson, Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 457 . R. Butcher, C. J. O'Connor, E. Sinn, Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3486. H. Muhonen, Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4692. B. N. Figgis, E. S. Kucharski, M. Vrtis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 176. D. Bodeaux, J. X. Boucherle, B. Delley, B. Gillon, E. Ressouche, J. Schweizer, Z. Naturforsch. A 1993, 48, 117.
17. For precedents on the transmission of FM interactions in transition metal complexes, see: T. Culvahouse, C. L. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 1079. E. J. Laskowki, D. N. Hendrickson, Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 457 . R. Butcher, C. J. O'Connor, E. Sinn, Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3486. H. Muhonen, Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4692. B. N. Figgis, E. S. Kucharski, M. Vrtis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 176. D. Bodeaux, J. X. Boucherle, B. Delley, B. Gillon, E. Ressouche, J. Schweizer, Z. Naturforsch. A 1993, 48, 117.
18. For precedents on the transmission of FM interactions in transition metal complexes, see: T. Culvahouse, C. L. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 1079. E. J. Laskowki, D. N. Hendrickson, Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 457 . R. Butcher, C. J. O'Connor, E. Sinn, Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3486. H. Muhonen, Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4692. B. N. Figgis, E. S. Kucharski, M. Vrtis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 176. D. Bodeaux, J. X. Boucherle, B. Delley, B. Gillon, E. Ressouche, J. Schweizer, Z. Naturforsch. A 1993, 48, 117.
19. For precedents on the transmission of FM interactions in transition metal complexes, see: T. Culvahouse, C. L. Francis, J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 66, 1079. E. J. Laskowki, D. N. Hendrickson, Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 457 . R. Butcher, C. J. O'Connor, E. Sinn, Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 3486. H. Muhonen, Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4692. B. N. Figgis, E. S. Kucharski, M. Vrtis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 176. D. Bodeaux, J. X. Boucherle, B. Delley, B. Gillon, E. Ressouche, J. Schweizer, Z. Naturforsch. A 1993, 48, 117.
20. For a description of the different mechanisms of ferromagnetic couplings in molecular solids, see: H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 1990, 26, 179. C. Kollmar, O. Kahn, Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 259. O. Kahn, D. N. Hendrickson, H. Iwamura, J. Veciana, in [1a], p.385.
21. For a description of the different mechanisms of ferromagnetic couplings in molecular solids, see: H. Iwamura, Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 1990, 26, 179. C. Kollmar, O. Kahn, Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 259. O. Kahn, D. N. Hendrickson, H. Iwamura, J. Veciana, in [1a], p.385.
22. H. M. McConnell, J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 39, 1910. J. B. Goodenough, Magnetism and the Chemical Bond, Interscience, New York 1963.
23. H. M. McConnell, J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 39, 1910. J. B. Goodenough, Magnetism and the Chemical Bond, Interscience, New York 1963.
24. H. M. McConnell, Proc. R. A. Welch Found. Conf. Chem. Res. 1967, 11, 144. K. Awaga, T. Sugano, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 141, 540.
25. H. M. McConnell, Proc. R. A. Welch Found. Conf. Chem. Res. 1967, 11, 144. K. Awaga, T. Sugano, M. Kinoshita, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 141, 540.
26. H. O. Stumpf, L. Ouahab, Y. Pei, D. Grandjean, O. Kahn, Science 1993, 261, 447. A. Canneschi, D. Gatteschi, R. Sessoli, P. Rey, Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 23, 392.
27. H. O. Stumpf, L. Ouahab, Y. Pei, D. Grandjean, O. Kahn, Science 1993, 261, 447. A. Canneschi, D. Gatteschi, R. Sessoli, P. Rey, Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 23, 392.
28. J. J. Novoa, F. Mota, J. Veciana, J. Cirujeda, Mol Cryst. Liq. Cryst., in press.
29. R. W. Kreilick, J. Becher, E. F. Ullman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5124. J. A. D'Anna, J. H. Wharton, J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 4047. M. S. Davis, K. Morokuma, R. W. Kreilick, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 5588.
30. R. W. Kreilick, J. Becher, E. F. Ullman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5124. J. A. D'Anna, J. H. Wharton, J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 4047. M. S. Davis, K. Morokuma, R. W. Kreilick, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 5588.
31. R. W. Kreilick, J. Becher, E. F. Ullman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5124. J. A. D'Anna, J. H. Wharton, J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 4047. M. S. Davis, K. Morokuma, R. W. Kreilick, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 5588.
32. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
33. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
34. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
35. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
36. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
37. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
38. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
39. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
40. For representative examples of supramolecular aggregates with different structural dimensionalities that are linked by means of H-bonds see: Cases with a 3-D character: P. Baxter, J.-M. Lehn, A. DeCian, J. Fisher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 69. R. P. Bonar-Law, J. K. M. Sanders, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 1677. J. P. Mathias, E. Simanek, C. T. Seto, G. M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1766. J. Yang, E. Fan, S. Geib, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5314. Cases with a 2-D character: C. Fouque, J.-M. Lehn, A. M. Levelut, Adv. Mater. 1990, 2, 254. F. García-Tollado, S. J. Geib, S. Goswami, A. D. Hamilton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9265. J. A. Zerkowski, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9025. Cases with 1-D and 0-D characters: J. A. Zerkowski, J. C. MacDonald, C. T. Seto, D. A. Wierda, G. M. Whitesides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2382. R. Wyler, J. de Mendoza, J. Rebek, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1699.
41. M. Etter, J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4601. I. D. Brown, Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32, 24. G. A. Jeffrey, W. Saenger, H-Bonding in Biological Systems, Springer, Berlin 1991. G. R. Desiraju, Crystal Engineering: The Design of Organic Solids, Elsevier, New York 1989. Organic Solid State Chemistry (Ed: G. R. Desiraju), Elsevier, New York 1987.
42. M. Etter, J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4601. I. D. Brown, Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32, 24. G. A. Jeffrey, W. Saenger, H-Bonding in Biological Systems, Springer, Berlin 1991. G. R. Desiraju, Crystal Engineering: The Design of Organic Solids, Elsevier, New York 1989. Organic Solid State Chemistry (Ed: G. R. Desiraju), Elsevier, New York 1987.
43. M. Etter, J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4601. I. D. Brown, Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32, 24. G. A. Jeffrey, W. Saenger, H-Bonding in Biological Systems, Springer, Berlin 1991. G. R. Desiraju, Crystal Engineering: The Design of Organic Solids, Elsevier, New York 1989. Organic Solid State Chemistry (Ed: G. R. Desiraju), Elsevier, New York 1987.
44. M. Etter, J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4601. I. D. Brown, Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32, 24. G. A. Jeffrey, W. Saenger, H-Bonding in Biological Systems, Springer, Berlin 1991. G. R. Desiraju, Crystal Engineering: The Design of Organic Solids, Elsevier, New York 1989. Organic Solid State Chemistry (Ed: G. R. Desiraju), Elsevier, New York 1987.
45. M. Etter, J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 4601. I. D. Brown, Acta Crystallogr. A 1976, 32, 24. G. A. Jeffrey, W. Saenger, H-Bonding in Biological Systems, Springer, Berlin 1991. G. R. Desiraju, Crystal Engineering: The Design of Organic Solids, Elsevier, New York 1989. Organic Solid State Chemistry (Ed: G. R. Desiraju), Elsevier, New York 1987.
46. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 320. P. Murray-Rust, J. P. Glusker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 1018. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, W. Versichel, Acta Crystallogr. B 1984, 40, 280. A. Vedani, J. D. Dunitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7653.
47. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 320. P. Murray-Rust, J. P. Glusker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 1018. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, W. Versichel, Acta Crystallogr. B 1984, 40, 280. A. Vedani, J. D. Dunitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7653.
48. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 320. P. Murray-Rust, J. P. Glusker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 1018. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, W. Versichel, Acta Crystallogr. B 1984, 40, 280. A. Vedani, J. D. Dunitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7653.
49. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 320. P. Murray-Rust, J. P. Glusker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 1018. R. Taylor, O. Kennard, W. Versichel, Acta Crystallogr. B 1984, 40, 280. A. Vedani, J. D. Dunitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7653.
50. a) E. Hernández, M. Mas, E. Molins, C. Rovira, J. Veciana, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 882.
51. b) J. Cirujeda, E. Hernández, C. Rovira, J. L. Stanger, P. Turek, J. Veciana, J. Nat. Chem., in press.
52. c) J. Cirujeda, M. Mas, E. Molins, C. Rovira, J. Veciana, F. Lanfranc de Panthou, J. Laugier, P. Rey, unpublished.
53. d) J. Cirujeda, L. E. Ochando, J. M. Amigó, C. Rovira, J. Rius, J. Veciana, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 55.