Epidemiologic studies of antioxidants and cancer in humans

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 1995, Pages 419-427

  Flagg, Elaine W ^a   Coates, Ralph J ^a   Greenberg, Raymond S ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Antioxidant; Breast neoplasms; Cancer; Carotenoids; Colonic neoplasms; Lung neoplasms; Mouth neoplasms; Pharyngeal neoplasms; Prostatic neoplasms; Uterine cervical neoplasms; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; CAROTENOID;

BREAST CANCER; CANCER PREVENTION; COLON CANCER; DIETARY INTAKE; FEMALE; HUMAN; LUNG CANCER; MALE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; PHARYNX CANCER; PROSTATE CANCER; REVIEW; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

ANTIOXIDANTS; ASCORBIC ACID; BIAS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); CAROTENOIDS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NEOPLASMS; NUTRITION SURVEYS; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; RESEARCH DESIGN; RISK FACTORS; VITAMIN E;

EID: 0029165426     PISSN: 07315724     EISSN: 15411087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1995.10718532     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Byers T, Perry G: Dietary carotenes, vitamin C, and vitamin E as protective antioxidants in human cancer. Ann Rev Nutr 12:139-159, 1992.
2. Gey KF, Moser UK, Jordan P, Stahelin HB, Eichholzer M, Ludin E: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants: An epidemiological update with special attention to carotene and vitamin C. Am J Clin Nutr 57(suppl):7875-7895, 1993.
3. Schlach W: Carotenoids in the retina—a review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen. In Emerit I, Chance B (eds): “Free Radicals and Aging,” Basel: Binkhauser Verlag, pp 280-298, 1992.
4. Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Study Group: The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 330:1029-1035, 1994.
5. Greenberg ER, Baron JA, Tosteson TD, Freeman DH, Beck GJ, Bond JH, Colacchio TA, Coller JA, Frank HD, Haile RW, Mandel JS, Nierenberg DW, Rothstein R, Snover DC, Stevens MM, Summers RW, van Stolk RU: A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma. N Engl J Med 331:141-147, 1994.
6. van Poppel G: Carotenoids and cancer: An update with emphasis on human intervention studies. Eur J Cancer 29A: 1335-1344, 1993.
7. Sun Y: Free radicals, antioxidant enzymes, and carcinogenesis. Free Rad Biol Med 8:583-599, 1990.
8. Cerutti PA: Oxidant stress and carcinogenesis. Eur J Clin Invest 21:1-5, 1991.
9. Cerutti PA, Trump BF: Inflammation and oxidative stress in carcinogenesis. Cancer Cells 3:1-7, 1991.
10. Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM: Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseasaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci 90:7915-7922, 1993.
11. Machlin LJ, Bendich A: Free radical tissue damage: Protective role of antioxidant nutrients. FASEB J 1:441-445, 1987.
12. Wolff SP, Garner A, Dean RT: Free radicals, lipids and protein degradation. TIBS 11:27-31, 1986.
13. Sevanian A, Hochstein P: Mechanisms and consequences of lipid peroxidation in biological systems. Ann Rev Nutr 5:365-390, 1985.
14. Cross CE, Halliwell B, Borish ET, Pryor WA, Ames BN, Saul RL, McCord JM, Harman D: Davis Conference. Oxygen radicals and human disease. Ann Int Med 107:526-545, 1987.
15. Sies H, Stahl W, Sundquist AR: Antioxidant functions of vitamins: Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene and other carotenoids. Ann NY Acad Sci 669:7-20, 1992.
16. Mascio PD, Murphy ME, Sies H: Antioxidant defense systems: The role of carotenoids, tocopherols, and thiols. Am J Clin Nutr 53:194S-200S, 1991.
17. Bendich A, Olson JA: Biological actions of carotenoids. FASEB J 3:1927-1932, 1989.
18. Schwartz JL, Antoniades DZ, Zhao S: Molecular and biochemical reprogramming of oncogenesis through the activity of prooxidants and antioxidants. Ann NY Acad Sci 686:262-279, 1993.
19. Maiorino M, Zamburlini A, Roveri A, Ursini F: Prooxidant role of vitamin E in copper induced lipid peroxidation. FEBS 330:174-176, 1993.
20. Ziegler RG: Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and the risk of cancer. Am I Clin Nutr 53:251S-259S, 1991.
21. National Research Council: “Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk.” Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989.
22. Ziegler RG, Subar AF: Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and the risk of cancer. In Bendich A, Butterworth CE (eds): “Micronutrients in Health and in Disease Prevention,” New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc, pp 97-126, 1991.
23. Peto R, Doll R, Buckley JD, Sporn MB: Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature 290:201-208, 1981.
24. Norum R, Blomhoff R: McCollum Award Lecture, 1992: Vitamin A absorption, transport, cellular uptake, and storage. Am J Clin Nutr 56:735-744, 1992.
25. Jaffe GM: Vitamin C. In Machlin LJ (ed): “Handbook of Vitamins.” New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc, pp 199-234, 1984.
26. Niki E: Action of ascorbic acid as a scavenger of active and stable oxygen radicals. Am J Clin Nutr 54:1119S—1124S, 1991.
27. Block G: Vitamin C and cancer prevention: The epidemiologic evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 53:270S-282S, 1991.
28. Frei B, England L, Ames BN: Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci 86:6377-6381, 1989.
29. Block G: Epidemiologic evidence regarding vitamin C and cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 54:1310S-1314S, 1991.
30. Block G, Menkes M: Ascorbic acid in cancer prevention. In Moon TE, Micozzi MS (eds): “Diet and Cancer Prevention. Investigating the Role of Micronutrients.” New York:Marcel Dekker, Inc, pp 341-388, 1989.
31. Food and Nutrition Board: “How Should the Recommended Dietary Allowances be Revised?” Washington, DC:National Academy Press, 1994.
32. Willett WC: “Nutritional Epidemiology.” New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
33. Friedenreich CM, Howe GR, Miller AB: An investigation of recall bias in the reporting of past food intake among breast cancer cases and controls. Ann Epidemiol 1:439-453, 1991.
34. Hammar N, Norell SE: Retrospective versus original information on diet among cases of colorectal cancer and controls. Int J Epidemiol 20:621-627, 1991.
35. Wilkens LR, Hankin JH, Yoshizawa CN, Kolonel LN, Lee J: Comparison of long-term dietary recall between cancer cases and noncases. Am J Epidemiol 136:825-835, 1992.
36. Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Rosner BA, Longnecker M, Speizer FE, Willett WC: A comparison of prospective and retrospective assessments of diet in the study of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 137:502-511, 1993.
37. Coates RJ, Weiss NS, Daling JR, Rettmer RL, Warnick GR: Cancer risk in relation to serum copper levels. Cancer Res 49: 4353-4356, 1989.
38. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD: Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. II. Mechanisms. Cancer Causes Control 2:427-442, 1991.
39. Candelora EC, Stockwell HG, Armstrong AW, Pinkham PA: Dietary intake and risk of lung cancer in women who never smoked. Nutr Cancer 17:263-270, 1992.
40. Knekt P: Vitamin E and smoking and the risk of lung cancer. Ann NY Acad Sci 686:280-287, 1993.
41. Knekt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, Aaran RK, Nikkari T, Hakama M, Hakulinen T, Peto R, Saxen E, Teppo L: Serum vitamin E and risk of cancer among Finnish men during a 10-year follow-up. Am J Epidemiol 127:28-41, 1988.
42. Knekt P, Aromaa A, Maatela J, Aaran RK, Nikkari T, Hakama M, Hakulinen T, Peto R, Teppo L: Serum vitamin A and subsequent risk of cancer: Cancer incidence follow-up of the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 132:857-870, 1990.
43. Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Seppanen R, Rissanen A, Aromaa A, Hei- nonen OP, Albanes D, Heinonen M, Pukkala E, Teppo L: Dietary antioxidants and the risk of lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol 134:471-479, 1991.
44. Kromhout D: Essential micronutrients in relation to carcinogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr 45:1361-1367, 1987.
45. LeMarchand L, Yoshizawa CN, Kolonel LN, Hankin JH, Goodman MT: Vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: A population-based case-control study in Hawaii. J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 1158-1164, 1989.
46. Menkes MS, Comstock GW, Vuilleumier JP, Helsing KJ, Rider AA, Brookmeyer R: Serum beta-carotene, vitamins A and E, selenium, and the risk of lung cancer. N Engl J Med 315:1250-1254, 1986.
47. Nomura A, Heilbrun LK, Morris JS, Stemmermann GN: Serum selenium and the risk of cancer, by specific sites: Case-control analysis of prospective data. J Natl Cancer Inst 79:103-108, 1987.
48. Nomura AMY, Stemmermann GN, Heilbrun LK, Salkeld RM, Vuilleumier JP: Serum vitamin levels and the risk of cancer of specific sites in men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii. Cancer Res 45:2369-2372, 1985.
49. Orentreich N, Matias JR, Vogelman JH, Salkeld RM, Bhagavan H, Friedman GD: The predictive value of serum beta-carotene for subsequent development of lung cancer. Nutr Cancer 16:167-169, 1991.
50. Salonen JT, Salonen R, Lappelelainen, Maenpaa PH, Alfthan G, Puska P: Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: Matched case-control analysis of prospective data. Br Med J 290:417-420, 1985.
51. Samet JM, Skipper BJ, Humble CG, Pathak DR: Lung cancer risk and vitamin A consumption in New Mexico. Am Rev Respir Dis 131:198-202, 1985.
52. Shibata A, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE: Intake of vegetables, fruits, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin supplements and cancer incidence among the elderly: A prospective study. Br J Cancer 66:673-679, 1992.
53. Stahelin HB, Gey F, Eichholzer M, Ludin E, Bernasconi F, Thur- neysen J, Brubacher G: Plasma antioxidant vitamins and subsequent cancer mortality in the 12-year follow-up of the prospective Basel Study. Am J Epidemiol 133:766-775, 1991.
54. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD, Folsom AR: Vegetables, fruit, and lung cancer in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Cancer Res 53:536-543, 1993.
55. Wald NJ, Thompson SG, Densem JW, Boreham J, Bailey A: Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer: Results from the BUPA Study. Br J Cancer 57:428-433, 1988.
56. Zeigler RG, Mason TJ, Stemhagen A, Hoover R, Schoenberg JB, Gridley G, Virgo PW, Fraumeni JF: Carotenoid intake, vegetables, and the risk of lung cancer among white men in New Jersey. Am J Epidemiol 123:1080-1093, 1986.
57. Gridley G, McLaughlin JK, Block G, Blot WJ, Winn DM, Greenberg RS, Schoenberg JB, Preston-Martin S, Austin DF, Fraumeni JF: Diet and oral and pharyngeal cancer among blacks. Nutr Cancer 14:219-225, 1990.
58. Gridley G, McLaughlin JK, Block G, Blot WJ, Gluch M, Fraumeni JF: Vitamin supplement use and reduced risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Am J Epidemiol 135:1083-1092, 1992.
59. Kune GA, Kune S, Field B, Watson LF, Cleland H, Merenstein D, Vitetta L: Oral and pharyngeal cancer, diet, smoking, alcohol, and serum vitamin A and beta-carotene levels: A case-control study in men. Nutr Cancer 20:61-70, 1993.
60. McLaughlin JK, Gridley G, Block G, Winn DM, Preston-Martin N, Schoenberg JB, Greenberg RS, Stemhagen A, Austin DF, Ershow AG, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF: Dietary factors in oral and pharyngeal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:1237-1243, 1988.
61. Zheng W, Blot WJ, Shu X-O, Gao Y-T, Ji B-T, Ziegler RG, Fraumeni JF: Diet and other risk factors for laryngeal cancer in Shanghai, China. Am J Epidemiol 136:178-191, 1992.
62. Zheng W, Blot WJ, Diamond EL, Norkus EP, Spate V, Morris JS, Comstock GW: Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 53:795-798, 1993.
63. Batieha AM, Armenian HK, Norkus EP, Morris JS, Spate VE, Comstock GW: Serum micronutrients and the subsequent risk of cervical cancer in a population-based nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 2:335-339, 1993.
64. Brock KE, Berry G, Mock PA, MacLennan R, Truswell AS, Brinton LA: Nutrients in diet and plasma and risk of in situ cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:580-585, 1988.
65. Herrero R, Potischman N, Brinton LA, Reeves WC, Brenes MM, Tenorio F, de Britton RC, Gaitan E: A case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer. I. Dietary indicators. Am J Epidemiol 134:1335-1346, 1991.
66. Knekt P: Serum vitamin E level and risk of female cancers. Int J Epidemiol 17:281-286, 1988.
67. Slattery ML, Abbott TM, Overall JC, Robison LM, French TK, Jolles C, Gardner JW, West DW: Dietary vitamins A, C, and E and selenium as risk factors for cervical cancer. Epidemiol 1:8-15, 1990.
68. Ziegler RG, Brinton LA, Hamman RF, Lehman HF, Levine RS, Mallin K, Norman SA, Rosenthal JF, Trumble AC, Hoover RN: Diet and the risk of invasive cervical cancer among white women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 132:432-445, 1990.
69. Ziegler RG, Jones CJ, Brinton LA, Norman SA, Mallin K, Levine RS, Lehman HF, Hamman RF, Trumble AC, Rosenthal JF, Hoover RN: Diet and the risk of in situ cervical cancer among white women in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 2:17-29, 1991.
70. Bostick RM, Potter JD, McKenzie DR, Sellers TA, Kushi LH, Steinmetz KA, Folsom AR: Reduced risk of colon cancer with high intake of vitamin E: The Iowa Women’s Health Study. Cancer Res 53:4230-4237, 1993.
71. Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ, Bush TL: Prediagnostic scram levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington County, Maryland. Am J Clin Nutr 53:260S-264S, 1991.
72. Heilbrun LK, Nomura A, Hankin JH, Stemmermann GN: Diet and colorectal cancer with special reference to fiber intake. Int J Cancer 44:1-6, 1989.
73. Knekt P, Aromaa A, Maatela I, Alfthan G, Aaran RK, Teppo L, Hakama M: Serum vitamin E, serum selenium and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer. Int J Cancer 42:846-850, 1988.
74. Kune S, Kune GA, Watson LF: Case-control study of dietary etiological factors: The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Nutr Cancer 9:21-42, 1987.
75. Peters RK, Pike MC, Garabrant D, Mack TM: Diet and colon cancer in Los Angeles County, California. Cancer Causes Control 3:457-473, 1992.
76. Potter JD, McMichael AJ: Diet and cancer of the colon and rectum: A case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 76:557-569, 1986.
77. Schober SE, Comstock GW, Helsing KJ, Salkelo RM, Morris JS, Rider AA, Brookmeyer R: Serologic precursors of cancer: I. Prediagnostic serum nutrients and colon cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 126:1033-1041, 1987.
78. West DW, Slattery ML, Robison LM, Schuman KL, Ford MH, Mahoney AW, Lyon JL, Sorensen AW: Dietary intake and colon cancer: Sex- and anatomic site-specific associations. Am J Epidemiol 130:883-894, 1989.
79. Ewertz M, Gill C: Dietary factors and breast-cancer risk in Denmark. Int J Cancer 46:779-784, 1990.
80. Graham S, Zielezny M, Marshal J, Priore R, Freudenheim J, Brasure J, Haughey B, Nasca P, Zdeb M: Diet in the epidemiology of postmenopausal breast cancer in the New York State Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 136:1327-1337, 1992.
81. Hunter DJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE, Willett WC: A prospective study of the intake of vitamin C, E and A and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 329:234-240, 1993.
82. Hunter DJ, Morris JS, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC: A prospective study of selenium status and breast cancer risk. JAMA 264:1128-1131, 1990.
83. Rohan TE, Howe GR, Friedenreich CM, Jain M, Miller AB: Dietary fiber, vitamins A, C and E and risk of breast cancer: A cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 4:29-37, 1993.
84. Rohan TE, McMichael AJ, Baghurst PA: A population-based case-control study of diet and breast cancer in Australia. Am J Epidemiol 128:478-489, 1988.
85. Russell MJ, Thomas BS, Bulbrook RD: A prospective study of the relationships between serum vitamins A and E and risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 57:213-215, 1988.
86. Kolonel LN, Hinds MW, Nomura AMY, Hankin JH, Lee J: Relationship of dietary vitamin A and ascorbic acid intake to the risk for cancers of the lung, bladder and prostate in Hawaii. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 69:137-142, 1985.
87. Kolonel LN, Yoshizawa CN, Hankin JH: Diet and prostatic cancer: A case-control study in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 127:999-1012, 1988.
88. LeMarchand L, Hankin JH, Kolonel LN, Wilkens LR: Vegetable and fruit consumption in relation to prostate cancer risk in Hawaii: A reevaluation of the effect of dietary beta-carotene. Am J Epidemiol 133:215-19, 1991.