Prospective study of small LDLs as a risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in elderly men and women

Circulation

Volumn 92, Issue 7, 1995, Pages 1770-1778

  Austin, Melissa A ^a   Mykkänen, Leena ^b   Kuusisto, Johanna ^b   Edwards, Karen L ^a   Nelson, Carrie ^a   Haffner, Steven M ^c   Pyörälä, Kalevi ^b   Laakso, Markku ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

aging; diabetes mellitus; lipoproteins; risk factors

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

AGED; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BODY MASS; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 0029151577     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.92.7.1770     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Uusitupa M. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiological view. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1987:3:463-524.
2. Barren-Connor E, Orchard T. Diabetes and heart disease. In: National Diabetes Data Group. Diabetes in America. Bethesda. Md: National Institutes of Health: 1985: XVI:1-41. NIH publication 85-1468.
3. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Patterson JK. Cardiovascular risk factors in confirmed prediabetic individuals: does the clock for coronary heart disease start ticking before the onset of clinical diabetes? JAMA. 1990;263:2893-2898.
4. McPhillips JB, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. Cardiovascular disease risk factors prior to the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a community of older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131:443-453.
5. Mykkänen L, Kuusisto J, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Cardiovascular disease risk factors as predictors of type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus in elderly subjects. Diabetologia. 1993:36:553-559.
6. Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Willett WS, Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1988:260:1917-1921.
7. Austin MA, Hokanson JE, Brunzell JD. Characterization of lowdensity lipoprotein subclasses: methodologic approaches and clinical relevance. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1994;5:395-405.
8. Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988: Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37:1595-1607.
9. Stout RW. Insulin and atneroma: 20-yr perspective. Diabetes Care. 1990:13:631-654.
10. Laakso M. Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Ann Med. 1992;24:505-509.
11. Stern MP. The insulin resistance syndrome. In: Alberti KGMM, DeFronzo RA, Zimmett P, eds. International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. Chichester, UK: Wiley. In press.
12. Selby JV, Austin MA, Newman B, Zhang D, Quesenberry CP Jr, Mayer EJ, Krauss RM. LDL subclass phenotypes and the insulin resistance syndrome. Circulation. 1993;88:318-387.
13. Reaven GM, Chen Y-DI, Jeppesen J, Maheux P, Krauss RM. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense, low density lipoprotein particles. J Clin Invest. 1993;92: 141-146.
14. Haffner SM, Mykkänen L, Paidi M, Valdez R, Howard BV, Stern MP. Small dense LDL is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome in non-diabetic subjects. Diabetologia. In press.
15. Austin MA, King M-C, Vranizan KM, Krauss RM. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype: a proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk. Circulation. 1990:82:495-506.
16. Swinkels DWL, Demacker PNM, Hendriks JCM, van 't Laar A. Low density lipoprotein subfractions and relationship to other risk factors for coronary artery disease in healthy individuals. Arteriosclerosis. 1989;9:604-613.
17. McNamara JR, Jenner JL. Li Z, Wilson PWF, Schaefer EJ. Change in LDL particle size is associated with change in plasma triglyceride concentration. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992:12:1284-1290.
18. Haffner SM, Mykknen L, Valdez RA, Paidi M, Stern MP, Howard BV. LDL size and subclass pattern in a biethnic population. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993:13:1623-1630.
19. Barakat HA, Carpenter JW, McLendon VD, Khazanie P, Leggett N, Heath J, Marks R. Influence of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and NIDDM on LDL structure and composition: possible link between hyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis. Diabetes. 1990; 39:1527-1533.
20. Peeples LH, Carpenter JW, Israel RG, Barakat HA. Alterations in low-density lipoproteins in subjects with abdominal adiposity. Metabolism . 1989;38:1029-1036.
21. Terry RB, Wood PD, Haskell WL, Stafanick ML, Krauss RM. Regional adiposity patterns in relation to lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein subfraction mass in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68:191-199.
22. Fujimoto WF, Abbate SL, Kahn SE, Hokanson JE, Brunzell JD. The visceral adiposity syndrome in Japanese-American men. Obesity Res. 1994;2:364-371.
23. Feingold KR, Grunfeld C, Pang M, Coerrler W, Krauss RM. LDL subclass phenotypes and triglyceride in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992:12:1496-1502.
24. Stewart MS, Laker MF, Dyer RG, Game F, Mitcheson J, Winocour PH, Alberti KGMM. Lipoprotein compositional abnormalities and insulin resistance in type II diabetic patients with mild hyperlipidemia. Anerioscler Thromb. 1993:13:1046-1051.
25. Mykkänen L, Laakso M, Uusitupa M, Pyörälä K. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly subjects and their association with obesity and family history of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1990:13:1099-1105.
26. Mykkänen L, Laakso M. Penttilä I, Pyörälä K. Asymptomatic hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. Atherosclemsis. 1991:88:153-161.
27. World Health Organization. Diabetes mellitus: report of a WHO Study Group. Technical Report Series No. 727. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization: 1985.
28. Krauss RM, Burke DJ. Identification of multiple subclasses of plasma low-density lipoproteins in normal humans. J Lipid Res. 1982:23:97-104.
29. Nichols AV, Krauss RM, Musliner TA. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. In: Segrest JP, Albers JJ, eds. Methods in Enzymology, Volume 128, Plasma Lipoproteins, Part A. Preparation, Structure and Molecular Biology. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press: 1986:417-431.
30. Rainwater DL, Andres DW, Ford AL, Lowe WF, Blanche PJ, Krauss RM. Production of polyacrylamide gradient gels for the electrophoretic resolution of lipoproteins. J Lipid Res. 1992:33: 1876-1881.
31. Austin MA, King M-C, Vranizan KM, Newman B, Krauss RM. Inheritance of low density lipoprotein subclass patterns: results of complex segregation analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 1988:43:838-846.
32. Winer BJ. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co: 1971.
33. Berenson ML. Intermediate Statistical Methods and Applications. Inglewood, NJ: Prentice-Hall lnc; 1983:102-104.
34. Schlesselman JJ. Case Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press lnc: 1982.
35. Edwards KL, Austin MA, Newman B, Mayer EJ, Krauss RM, Selby JV. Multivariate analysis of the insulin resistance syndrome. Anerioscler Thromb. 1994; 14:1940-1945.
36. Stevens J. Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: 1986.
37. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods. Boston, Mass: Kent Publishing Co; 1988.
38. SAS User's Guide: Version 5 Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute lnc; 1985.
39. Galeano NF, Milne R, Marcel YL, Walsh MT, Levy E, Nguyen TD, Gleeson A. Arad Y, Witte L, Alhaideri M, Runsey SC, Deckelbaum RJ. Apolipoprotein-B structure and receptor recognition of triglyceride-rich low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is modified in small LDL but not in triglyceride-rich LDL of normal size. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269:511-519.
40. Ferrannini E, Haffner SM, Mitchell BD, Stern MP. Hyperinsulinaemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia. 1991;34:416-422.
41. Howard BV. Lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1994;5:216-220.
42. Lahdenperä S, Tilly-Kiesi M, Vuorinen-Markkola H, Kuusi T, Taskinen M-R. Effects of gemfibrozil on low-density lipoprotein particle size, density distribution, and composition in patients with type II diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1993; 16:584-592.
43. West KM, Ahuja MMS, Bennett PH, Czyzyk A, De Acosta OM, Fuller JH, Grab B, Grabauskas V, Jarrett RJ, Kosaka K, Keen H, Krowlewski AS, Miki E, Schliack V, Teuscher A, Watkins PJ, Stober JA. The role of circulating glucose and triglyceride concentrations and their interactions with other 'risk factors' as determinants of arterial disease in nine diabetic population samples from the WHO Multinational Study. Diabetes Care. 1983:6:361-368.
44. Bergstrom RW, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris LL, Shuman WP, Wahl PW, Fujimoto WY. Association of plasma triglyceride and C-peptide with coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men with a high prevalence of glucose intolerance. Diabetologia. 1990; 33:489-496.
45. Fontbonne A, Eschwege E, Cambien F, Richard J-L, Ducimetiere, Thibult N, Warnet J-M, Claude J-R, Rosselin G-E. Hypertriglyceridemia as a risk factor of coronary heart disease mortality in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes: results from the 11-year follow-up of the Paris Prospective Study. Diabetologia. 1989:2:300-304.
46. Laws A, Marcus EB, Grove JS, Curb JD. Lipid and lipoproteins as risk factors for coronary heart disease in men with abnormal glucose tolerance: the Honolulu Heart Program. J Intern Med. 1993; 234:471-478.
47. Laakso M, Lehto S, Penttilä I, Pyörälä K. Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Circulation. 1993;88: 1421-1430.
48. Fisher WR. Heterogeneity of plasma low density lipoproteins: manifestations of the physiologic phenomenon in man. Metabolism. 1983;32:283-291.
49. Grouse JR, Parks JS, Schey HM. Studies of low density lipoprotein molecular weight in human beings with coronary artery disease. J Lipid Res. 1985;26:566-574.
50. Griffin BA, Caslake MJ, Yip B, Tait GW, Packard CJ, Shepherd J. Rapid isolation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions from plasma by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Atherosclerosis. 1990:83:59-67.
51. Tornvall P, Karpe F, Carlson LA, Hamsten A. Relationship of low density lipoprotein subfractions to angiographically defined coronary artery disease in young survivors of myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 1991:90:67-80.
52. Campos H, Genest JJ, Blijlevens E, McNamara JR, Jenner JL, Ordovas JM, Wilson PWF, Schaefer EJ. Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992; 12:187-195.
53. Jaakkola O, Solakivi T, Tertov VV, Orekhov AN, Miettinen TA, Nikkari T. Characteristics of low-density lipoprotein subfractions from patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis. 1993; 4:379-385.
54. Coresh J, Kwiterovich PO, Bachorik P. Association of low density lipoprotein size, density and composition with premature coronary artery disease. J Lipid Res. 1993;34:1687-1697.
55. Griffin BA, Freeman DJ, Tait GW, Thomson J, Caslake MJ, Packard CJ, Shepherd J. Role of plasma triglyceride in the regulation of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions: relative contribution of small, dense LDL to coronary heart disease risk. Atherosclerosis. 1994:106:241-253.
56. Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Mitchell BD, Patterson JK, Ferrannini E. Parental history of diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors. Arteriosclerosis. 1989;9: 928-933.
57. Sarlund H, Pyorala K, Penttila I, Laakso M. Early abnormalities in coronary heart disease risk factors in relatives of subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:657-663.
58. Austin MA. Genetics of low-density lipoprotein subclasses. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1993;4:125-132.
59. Austin MA, Newman B, Selby JV, Edwards K, Mayer E, Krauss RM. Genetics of low-density lipoprotein subclass phenotypes in women twins: concordance, heritability, and commingling analysis. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993;13:687-695.
60. Nishina PM, Johnson JP, Naggert KJ, Krauss RM. Linkage of atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype to the low density lipoprotein receptor locus on the short arm of chromosome 19. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:708-712.