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0027939318
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Products, genetic linkage and limb patterning activity of a murine hedgehog gene
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Describes cloning, characterization and functional analysis of a mouse hh homologue that is identical to Shh. Like the zebrafish shh, the mouse gene is active in Drosophila and also has polarizing activity in the chick limb.
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Development
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Chang1
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A functionally conserved homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog is expressed in tissues with polarising activity in zebrafish embryos
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Krauss1
Concordet2
Ingham3
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6
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23444440157
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Floor plate and motor neuron induction by vhh-1, a vertebrate homolog of hedgehog expressed by the notochord
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An indepehdent search for homologues of hh in rat and zebrafish yielded genes that appear to be identical to Shh on the basis of their sequence, expression patterns and biological activity. This study also shows that COS cells expressing the vhh-1 (Shh) gene can induce floorplate and motor neuron differentiation in neural plate explants in vitro.
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Cell
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Roelink1
Augsburger2
Heemskerk3
Korzh4
Norlin5
Ruiz i Altaba6
Tanabe7
Placzek8
Edlund9
Jessell10
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7
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0029010669
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Restrictions to floor plate induction by hedgehog and winged-helix genes in the neural tube of frog embryos.
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in press, This paper describes the sequence and expression pattern of the Xenopus Shh gene. The induction of floorplate by ectopic Shh expression is temporally and spatially constrained.
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Mol Cell Neurosci
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Ruiz i Altaba1
Roelink2
Jessell3
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8
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0028917814
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Activin induces the expression of the Xenopus homolog of sonic hedgehog during mesoderm formation in Xenopus explants
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Describes the PCR cloning of a fragment of the Xenopus Shh gene and demonstrates that its expression can be induced by activin in isolated animal caps in the absence of protein synthesis.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
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Yokota1
Mukasa2
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Odaka4
Muroya5
Uchiyama6
Eto7
Asahima8
Momoi9
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0029146659
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Cloning, expression and chromosomal location of shh and ihh two human homologues of the Drosophila segment polarity gene hedgehog
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in press, Northern analysis shows that human ihh is expressed in adult kidney and liver, whereas Shh is expressed in these organs and the lung and intestine of the fetus. Shh is closely linked to, but distinct from, the polysyndactyly locus.
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Genomics
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Marigo1
Roberts2
Lee3
Tsukurov4
Levi5
Gastier6
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Copeland9
Seidman10
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10
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0028410349
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Hedgehog points the way
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Mini-review comparing and contrasting the likely roles of Shh in vertebrate embryos with the function of hh in Drosophila.
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Curr Biol
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Ingham1
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0026201001
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Segment polarity genes and cell patterning within the Drosophila body segment
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Curr Opin Genet Dev
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Ingham1
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0024254534
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Requirements for hedgehog, a segment polarity gene, in patterning larval and adult cuticle of Drosophila
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Genetics
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Mohler1
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0026474841
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Molecular organisation and embryonic expression of the hedgehog gene involved in cell-cell communication in segmental patterning in Drosophila
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Development
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Mohler1
Vani2
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15
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0001265983
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Secretion and localised transcription suggests a role in positional signalling for products of the segmentation gene hedgehog
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Cell
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Lee1
Von Kessler2
Parks3
Beachy4
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16
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0027096741
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The Drosophila hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation
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Genes Dev
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Tabata1
Eaton2
Kornberg3
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18
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0028008784
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Drosophilahedgehog acts as a morphogen in cellular patterning
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This paper presents an analysis of the role of hh in the patterning of the dorsal cuticle of the Drosophila embryo. The authors show that this is temporally distinct from its role in regulating wg transcription and adduce evidence, based on the manipulation of temperature-sensitive hh alleles and a heat-shock hh construct, that in this context hh acts directly to specify cell fate in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Cell
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Heemskerk1
Dinardo2
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0027408032
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Regulation of wingless transcription in the Drosophila embryo
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Development
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Ingham1
Hidalgo2
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0027761917
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Localised hedgehog activity controls spatially restricted transcription of wingless in the Drosophila embryo
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Nature
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Ingham1
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38249011532
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Midline signals that control the dorso-ventral polarity of the neural tube
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Jessell1
Dodd2
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Induction of floor plate differentiation by contact dependent, homeogenetic signals
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Development
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Placzek1
Jessell2
Dodd3
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24
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0028630689
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Patterning of mammalian somites by the surface ectoderm and the notochord: evidence for scleretome induction by Sonic hedgehog/Vhh-1
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Establishment of an in vitro assay for sclerotome induction in presomitic mesoderm demonstrates that notochord produces a long-range diffusible activity that can be mimicked by COS cells expressing Shh.
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(1994)
Cell
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Fan1
Tessier-Lavigne2
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25
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-
0028651869
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Ectopic expression of Sonic hedgehog alters dorsal-ventral patterning of somites
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Localized expression of Shh mediated by recombinant retroviruses causes the dorsal expansion of Pax1, a marker of ventral fate, and elimination of Pax3 expression, a marker of dorsal fate, in developing somites, suggesting that Shh is the endogenous inducer of sclerotome differentiation.
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Cell
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Johnson1
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26
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0029311276
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Induction of motor neurons by Sonic hedgehog is independent of floor plate differentiation
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COS cells expressing Shh can induce both floorplate and motor neuron differentiation in neural tube explants, the latter, but not the former, occurring when a filter is interposed between the COS cells and the tissue. When Shh is expressed ectopically in vivo, floorplate and motor neurons differentiate simultaneously, suggesting that they are independently induced by Shh activity.
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Curr Biol
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Tanabe1
Roelink2
Jessell3
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27
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0028641336
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Autoproteolysis in hedgehog protein biogenesis
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Analysis of the protein products of certain hh mutant alleles and of deletion derivatives generated in vitro reveals that the proteolytic cleavage of the hh protein is autocatalyzed and depends exclusively upon sequences within the carboxy-terminal portion of the protein. At least two vertebrate hh family proteins are processed in a similar manner. Antisera specific for either the amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal fragments of the Drosophila protein reveal different distributions in embryos, suggesting that the two products of autoproteolysis may mediate short-range and long-range effects of hh, respectively.
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Science
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Lee1
Ekker2
Von Kessler3
Porter4
Sun5
Beachy6
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28
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0028966517
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Proteolytic processing yields two secreted forms of Sonic hedgehog
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Analysis of chick and mouse Shh expressed in Xenopus oocytes and tissue culture cells reveals that they are processed similarly to Drosophila hh. The carboxy-terminal derivative is readily secreted into the medium, whereas the amino-terminal derivative remains closely associated with the cell surface except in the presence of heparin or when derived from a truncated cDNA lacking the carboxy-terminal portion of the coding region.
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Mol Cell Biol
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Burncrot1
Takada2
McMahon3
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29
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0028948811
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The product of hedgehog autoproteolytic cleavage active in local and long-range signalling
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Identifies the precise site of autoproteolytic cleavage of hh by direct sequencing of the cleavage product; deletion derivatives that produce only one or other of the normal cleavage products reveal that the amino-terminal portion mediates both ‘short-range’ and ‘long-range’ activities of hh in Drosophila. The association of the amino-terminal portion with the cell surface depends upon autoproteolysis. All hh mutant alleles examined affect either the generation or structure of the amino-terminal portion.
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Nature
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Porter1
Von Kessler2
Ekker3
Young4
Lee5
Moses6
Beachy7
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31
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0029004233
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Floor plate and motor neuron induction by different concentrations of the amino terminal cleavage product of Sonic hedgehog autoproteolysis
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Bacterially produced amino-terminal Shh or medium conditioned by cells expressing a truncated cDNA encoding only this portion of the protein can act in a concentration-dependent manner on neural tube explants to induce both floorplate and motor neuron differentiation. In rat, mouse and chick embryos, as in Drosophila, the amino-terminal portion of the protein is closely associated with the surface of cells that secrete it.
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(1995)
Cell
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Roelink1
Porter2
Chiang3
Tanabe4
Chang5
Beachy6
Jessell7
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32
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0029019627
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Requirement of 19 kDalton form of Sonic hedgehog for induction of distinct ventral cell types in vertebrate CNS explants
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Recombinant amino-terminal, but not carboxy-terminal, Shh can induce floorplate and motor neuron differentiation in neural tube explants. Floorplate is induced only when the protein is presented coupled to a bead, whereas motor neurons are induced by protein dissolved in the medium. An antibody specific for the amino-terminal portion of Shh blocks motor neuron induction by notochord in vitro.
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Nature
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Marti1
Bumcrot2
Takada3
McMahon4
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33
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0029041177
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Long-range sclerotome induction by Sonic hedgehog: direct role of the amino terminal cleavage product and modulation by the cyclic AMP signaling pathway
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Recombinant amino-terminal Shh can induce expression of the sclerotome-specific marker Pax1 in presomitic mesoderm in vitro. This effect is efficiently suppressed by drugs that increase PKA activity.
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(1995)
Cell
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Fan1
Porter2
Chiang3
Chang4
Beachy5
Tessier-Lavigne6
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34
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0029311316
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Secretion of the amino-terminal fragment of the Hedgehog protein is necessary and sufficient for hedgehog signalling in Drosophila
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A mutation in Drosophila hh blocking signal peptide cleavage does not affect autoproteolysis, but the protein lacks all signalling activity, whereas deletion of the carboxy-terminal portion of the protein has little effect on signalling activity in either embryos or imaginal discs. Increasing the levels of hh expression within its normal domain has no effect on dorsal cuticle pattern, arguing against a direct dependence on hh concentration.
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Curr Biol
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Fietz1
Jacinto2
Taylor3
Alexandre4
Ingham5
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35
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0028329349
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Compartment boundaries and the control of Drosophila limb pattern by hedgehog protein
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Clones of cells constitutively expressing hh have no effect if located in the posterior compartment of imaginal discs, but in the anterior compartment induce the generation of large duplications of structures; these effects on patterning are preceded by ectopic induction of wg and dpp expression, suggesting that hh acts via these two signalling proteins.
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Nature
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Basler1
Struhl2
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36
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0027983638
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Targeted expression of the signalling molecule decapentaplegic induces pattern duplications and growth alterations in Drosophila wings
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Ectopic expression of hh driven by GAL4 enhancer trap lines causes pattern duplications and ectopic activation of dpp. Expression of dpp driven by similar GAL4 enhancers has comparable effects on patterning, implying that hh acts exclusively via dpp in the wing.
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EMBO J
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Capdevila1
Guerrero2
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37
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0028075795
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Cell-interaction between compartments establishes the proximal-distal axis of Drosophila legs
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Expression of the Distalless gene in leg imaginal discs requires hh activity. Ectopic expression of dpp in the ventral compartment of the disc induces the same kinds of leg bifurcations generated by ectopic hh expression.
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Nature
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Diaz-Benjumea1
Cohen2
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38
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0029278749
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Quantitative effects of hedgehog and decapentaplegic activity on the patterning of the Drosophila wing
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Ectopic expression of hh or dpp driven by the same GAL4 enhancer results in almost identical pattern defects. The effects of both genes vary with temperature, indicating a dose dependence of both proteins. Very high levels of hh activate ptc, but not dpp.
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Curr Biol
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Ingham1
Fietz2
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39
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0028019505
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Induction of a mirror-image duplication of anterior wing structures by localized hedgehog expression in the anterior compartment of Drosophila melanogaster wing imaginal discs
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Ectopic expression of hh in the wing imaginal discs because of random insertion of a hh transgene results in wing duplications and inappropriate expression of dpp.
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Gene
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Kojima1
Michiue2
Orihara3
Saigo4
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40
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0028178786
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Hedgehog is a signalling protein with a key role in patterning Drosophila imaginal discs
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The hh protein is found associated with engrailed-expressing cells and their neighbours, indicating that it is secreted. This distribution is modified by treatment with monesin or by a mutant that blocks endocytosis. Overexpression of hh has similar effects to mutations in ptc in both the embryo and the imaginal discs.
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Cell
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Tabata1
Kornberg2
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Organising activity of wingless protein in Drosophila
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Struhl1
Basler2
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42
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0028898615
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Dual functions of wingless in the Drosophila leg imaginal disc
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High-level expression of wg by GAL4 enhancers results in partial ventralization of cells in the leg discs and increased proliferation of dorsal cells. These results argue against a simple morphogen model for wg action.
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Wilder1
Perrimon2
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43
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0027788042
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The TGFβ homolog dpp and the segment polarity gene hedgehog are required for propagation of a morphogenetic wave in the Drosophila retina
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Heberlein1
Wolff2
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The segment polarity gene hedgehog is required for progression of the morphogenetic furrow in the developing Drosophila eye
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Ma1
Zhou2
Beachy3
Moses4
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0028910516
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Growth and differentiation in the Drosophila eye coordinated by hedgehog
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Clones of cells constitutively expressing hh in the Drosophila retinal field induce new foci of differentiation, presaged by the induction of dpp and hairy expression in cells surrounding the clone.
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Nature
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Heberlein1
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Luk3
Donohoe4
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0028041418
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Ectopic expression of Hoxb-8 causes duplication of the ZPA in the forelimb and homeotic transformation of axial structures
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Transgenic mouse embryos in which the Hox-b8 gene is misexpressed exhibit ectopic expression of Shh in the anterior mesenchyme of their hindlimbs and a concomitant duplication of digits.
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Cell
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Charite1
De Graaff2
Shen3
Deschamps4
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47
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0028930947
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Interaction between the signaling molecules wnt7a and shh during vertebrate limb development — dorsal signals regulate anteroposterior patterning
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Recombinant FGF4 can maintain Shh expression in proximal limb buds and induces BMP2, BMP4 and Hox-d13 expression. Removal of dorsal ectoderm results in down-regulation of Shh transcription, an effect that can be reversed by expression of Wnt7a.
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Cell
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Yang1
Niswander2
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48
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0028569704
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Sonic hedgehog and Fgf-4 act through a signalling cascade and feedback loop to integrate growth and patterning of the developing limb bud
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Ectopic Shh expression in the chick limb induces BMP2 and Hox-d11 and Hox-d13 expression. The effects of Shh on these genes depend upon FGF4 activity; in addition, FGF4 expressed in the AER controls the maintenance of Shh transcription. FGF4 expression in the AER also depends upon Shh.
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Cell
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Laufer1
Nelson2
Johnson3
Morgan4
Tabin5
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49
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A positive feedback loop coordinates growth and patterning in the vertebrate limb
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Removal of the AER leads to loss of Shh expression, an effect that can be reversed by recombinant FGF4. FGF4 and retinoic acid act in concert to induce Shh transcription.
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Nature
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Niswander1
Jeffrey2
Martin3
Tickle4
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50
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0028951117
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Dorsalizing signal wnt-7a required for normal polarity of d-v and a-p axes of mouse limb
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Mouse embryos lacking Wnt7a activity fail to maintain Shh expression in posterior limb mesenchyme. BMP2 is similarly affected.
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Parr1
McMahon2
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51
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Bone morphogenetic proteins and a signalling pathway that controls patterning in the developing chick limb
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The gene encoding BMP2 is expressed in the posterior AER and in the posterior limb mesenchyme. Expression is ectopically induced by ZPA grafts, but recombinant BMP2 does not have polarizing activity.
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Francis1
Richardson2
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The Drosophila patched gene encodes a putative membrane protein required for segmental patterning
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Hooper1
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55
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The Drosophila segment polarity gene patched interacts with decapentaplegic in wing development
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Viable mutations of the ptc gene cause ectopic expression of dpp in the anterior compartments of wing imaginal discs.
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Capdevila1
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Distinct pathways for autocrine and paracrine Wingless signalling in Drosophila embryos
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Genetic epistasis analyses suggest that fused, ci and smoothened act downstream of ptc to activate wg transcription.
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Hooper1
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0028809104
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Mutations that alter the timing and pattern of cubitus interruptus gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster
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Presents an analysis of the spatial distribution of ci protein in Drosophila embryos and imaginal discs and the effects of various mutations on its deployment and stability.
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Genetics
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Slusarski1
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Signal transduction by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in Drosophila limb patterning
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A viable allele of pka causes wing duplications similar to those induced by ectopic hh, preceded by ectopic dpp and ptc expression. Clones of cells lacking pka or ptc activity cause wing and leg duplications.
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Nature
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Lepage1
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase and hedgehog act antagonistically in regulating decapentaplegic transcription in Drosophila imaginal discs
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Clones of cells lacking PKA activate dpp inappropriately in the anterior compartment of the wing disc and anterior to the morphogenetic furrow in the eye disc, inducing wing duplications or ectopic furrows. A dominant-negative PKA allele has a similar effect in the wing and suppresses the hh mutant phenotype in the eye.
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Pan1
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Protein kinase A and hedgehog signaling in Drosophila limb development
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Clones of cells lacking PKA activity in the anterior compartments of wings and legs cause pattern duplications similar to those induced by ectopic hh and induce ectopic expression of dpp and wg. Constitutively active PKA has no effect on normal dpp expression, nor does it suppress the ptc mutant phenotype.
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Function of protein kinase A in hedgehog signal transduction and Drosophila imaginal disc development
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Similar analysis to [65∗∗], but these authors show that high levels of a constitutively active PKA can rescue the ptc mutant phenotype.
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Regulation of furrow progression in the Drosophila eye by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A
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Clones of cells lacking PKA activity in the developing retina have similar effects to clones expressing hh in that they initiate morphogenetic furrow migration ectopically. In contrast to those expressing hh, however, the PKA clones themselves initially activate dpp expression.
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Nature
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Strutt1
Wiersdorff2
Mlodzik3
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