Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS): A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries

Circulation

Volumn 92, Issue 7, 1995, Pages 1758-1764

  Salonen, Riitta ^a   Nyyssönen, Kristiina ^a   Porkkala, Elina ^a   Rummukainen, Juha ^a   Belder, Rene ^b   Park, Jong Soon ^b   Salonen, Jukka T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN FINLAND   (Finland)

^b BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB   (United States)

Author keywords

atherosclerosis; clinical trials; lipoproteins; smoking

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PRAVASTATIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CAROTID ARTERY; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMORAL ARTERY; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING;

EID: 0029096765     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.92.7.1758     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Blankenhorn D, Hodis HN. Arterial imaging and atherosclerosis reversal. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:177-192.
2. Levy RI, Brensike JF, Epstein SE, et al. The influence of changes in lipid values induced by cholestyramine and diet on progression of coronary artery disease: results of the NHLBI Type II Coronary Intervention Study. Circulation. 1984;69:325-337.
3. Brown BG, Albers JJ, Fisher LD, et al. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B. N Engl J Med. 1990:323: 1289-1298.
4. Blankenhorn DH, Nessim SA, Johnson RL, Sanmarco ME, Azen SP, Cashin-Hemphill L. Beneficial effects of combined colestipolniacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts. JAMA. 1987;257:3233-3240.
5. Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, et al. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Lancet. 1990;336:129-133.
6. Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Ports TA, Phillips NR, Diehl JC, Havel RJ. Regression of coronary atherosclerosis during treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia with combined drug regimens. JAMA. 1990; 264:3007-3012.
7. Watts GF, Lewis B, Brunt JN, et al. Effects on coronary artery disease of lipid-lowering diet, or diet plus cholestryramine, in the St Thomas' Atherosclerosis Regression Study (STARS). Lancet. 1992; 339:563-569.
8. Salonen R, Seppänen K, Rauramaa R, Salonen JT. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland. Arteriosclerosis. 1988;8:788-792.
9. Grouse JR, Harpold GH, Kahl FR, Toole JF, McKinney WM. Evaluation of a scoring system for extracranial carotid atherosclerosis extend with B-mode ultrasound. Stroke. 1986;17:270-275.
10. Salonen R, Haapanen A, Salonen JT. Measurement of intimamedia thickness of common carotid arteries with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography: inter and infra-observer variability. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1991;17:225-230.
11. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression. Circulation. 1993; 87(suppl II):II-56-II-65.
12. Salonen JT. Is there a continuing need for longitudinal epidemiologic research: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Ann Clin Res. 1988;20:46-50.
13. Salonen JT, Salonen R, Nyyssönen K, Korpela H, Voutilainen E, Ylitalo P. Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. CVD Epidemiology Newsletter. American Heart Association 1992, Winter 1991/1992, No. 47:6.
14. Salonen JT, Korpela H, Nyyssönen K, Salonen R. Precision and reproducibility of ultrasonographic measurement of progression of common carotid artery atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1993;341:1158-1159.
15. Wickstrand J, Wendelhag L. Methodological considerations of ultrasound investigation of intima-media thickness and lumen diameter. J Int Med. 1994;236:555-559.
16. Salonen R, Salonen JT. Intima-media changes in a population study: KIHD. In: Boccalon H, ed. Vascular Medicine. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishers BV; 1993.
17. 2+ /dextran sulfate in its enzymic measurement. Clin Chem. 1978:24:931-933.
18. Clauss A. Geringungsphysiologische Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung des Fibrinogens. Acta Haematol. 1957;17:237-246.
19. Nyyssönen K, Porkkala E, Salonen R, Korpela H, Salonen JT. Increase in oxidation resistance of atherogenic serum lipoproteins following antioxidant supplementation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994;48:633-642.
20. Finney DJ. Statistical Method in Biological Assay. London, England: Griffin; 1978:80-82.
21. Salonen JT, Puska P, Kottke TE. Smoking, blood pressure and serum cholesterol as risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and death among men in Eastern Finland. Eur Heart J. 1981;2:365-373.
22. Salonen R, Salonen JT. Progression of carotid atherosclerosis and its determinants: a population-based ultrasonography study. Atherosclerosis. 1990;81:33-40.
23. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogcnicity. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:915-924.
24. Salonen JT, Ylä-Herttuala S, Yamamoto R, et al. Autoantibody against oxidised LDL and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1992;339:883-887.
25. Furberg CD, Adams HP, Applegate WB, et al. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Circulation. 1994;90:1679-1687.
26. Crouse JR III, Byington RP, Bond MG, Espeland MA, Craven TE, Sprinkle JW, McGovern ME, Furberg CD. Pravastatin, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis in the Carotid Arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:455-459.
27. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Risk factors for carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic men. J Int Med. 1994;236: 561-566.
28. Salonen JT, Salonen R. Ultrasonographically assessed carotid morphology and the risk of coronary heart disease. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991;11:1245-1249.
29. Solberg LA, Strong JP. Risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions: a review of autopsy studies. Arteriosclerosis. 1983;3:187-198.
30. Craven TE, Ryu JE, Espeland MA, et al. Evaluation of the associations between carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis: a case control study. Circulation. 1990;82:1230-1242.
31. Salonen R, Salonen JT. Determinants of carotid intima-media thickness: a population-based ultrasonography study in Eastern Finnish men. J Int Med. 1991;229:225-231.
32. The Pravastatin Multinational Study Group for Cardiac Risk Patients. Effects of pravastatin in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/liter (200 to 300 mg/dl) plus two additional atherosclerotic risk factors. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72: 1031-1037.
33. Furberg CD, Byington RP, Crouse JR, Espeland MA. Pravastatin, lipids and major coronary events. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:1133.