Ubiquitin and the Enigma of Intracellular Protein Degradation

European Journal of Biochemistry

Volumn 231, Issue 1, 1995, Pages 1-30

  Jennissen, Herbert P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

26s protease; isopeptidase; Ubiquitin; ubiquitin calmodulin ligase; ubiquitin protein ligase (E1, E2, E3)

Indexed keywords

CALMODULIN; CELL PROTEIN; MEMBRANE RECEPTOR; PEPTIDASE; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; UBIQUITIN; UBIQUITIN PROTEIN LIGASE;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL METABOLISM; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN METABOLISM; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW;

ANIMAL; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; PROTEINS; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T; UBIQUITINS;

EUKARYOTA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0029067696     PISSN: 00142956     EISSN: 14321033     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20665.x     Document Type: Review

References (353)

1. Guido R. Hartmann
2. Ubiquitin‐protein conjugates
3. Mechanisms of intracellular protein breakdown
4. Ubiquitin: roles in protein modification and breakdown
5. The ubiquitin system: functions and mechanisms
6. Ubiquitin‐mediated pathways for intracellular proteolysis
7. Protein ubiquitination: a regulatory post‐translational modification
8. Molecular evolution of ubiquitin genes
9. Ubiquitin‐mediated protein degradation
10. Ubiquitin: a review on a ubiquitous biofactor in eukaryotic cells
11. How are substrates recognized by the ubiquitin‐mediated proteolytic system
12. The ubiquitin system in higher and lower plants – pathways in protein metabolism
13. Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes: novel regulators of eukaryotic cells
14. New perspectives on the structure and function of ubiquitin
15. The ubiquitin‐mediated proteolytic pathway: Enzymology and mechanisms of recognition of the proteolytic substrates
16. The ubiquitin‐mediated system for intracellular protein degradation
17. Natural substrates of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway
18. Ubiquitin‐mediated processes in erythroid cell maturation
19. The ubiquitin pathway for protein degradation
20. Ubiquitin in health and disease
21. Ubiquitination
22. Ubiquitin‐dependent protein degradation
23. The ubiquitin system for protein degradation
24. Ubiquitin
25. Ubiquitin and intracellular protein degradation
26. The ubiquitin‐conjugation system
27. The mechanisms and functions of ATP‐ dependent proteases in bacterioland animal cells
28. Stress‐induced proteolysis in yeast
29. Regulation of proteolysis: energy‐dependent proteases and their targets
30. Ubiquitin, lysosomes and neurodegenerative diseases
31. Ubiquitin‐mediated protein modification and degradation
32. The N‐end rule
33. Reversible histone modifications and the chromosome cell cycle
34. Ubiquitin in neurodegenerative diseases
35. The ubiquitin‐mediated proteolytic pathway
36. The multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteasome) and intracellular protein degradation: diverse functions of an intracellular particle
37. Proteasomes: Multicatalytic proteinase complexes
38. Citations and the tenor of the times
39. A role for the ubiquitin‐dependent proteolytic pathway in MHC class I‐restricted antigen presentation
40. The synthesis of aldolase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase in the rabbit
41. The synthesis of aldolase and phosphorylase in rabbits
42. The metabolism of myosin, the meromyosins, actin and tropomyosin in the rabbit
43. A statistical analysis of the relationship between degradative rates and molecular masses of proteins
44. Relationship between in vivo degradative rates and isoelectric points of proteins
45. Regulation of mitochondria1 protein concentration: a plausible model which may permit assessing protein turnover
46. Effect of thyroid hormone on the turnover of rat liver pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase
47. Intrazelluläre Proteolyse
48. Control of enzyme levels in animal tissues
49. Principles of the regulation of intracellular proteolysis
50. The pools of tissue constituents and products: proteins
51. The turnover of histones in brain and liver
52. Correlation between the stability of a protein and its dipeptide composition: A novel approach for predicting in vivo stability from its primary structure
53. The biochemistry of muscle
54. Studies on the synthesis and degradation of light and heavy chains of cardiac myosin
55. Comparison of turnover of several myofibrillar proteins and critical evaluation of double isotope method
56. Turnover rates of structural proteins of rabbit skeletal muscle
57. Turnover of cardiac troponin subunits
58. Regulation of phosphorylase kinase activity by calmodulin and troponin
59. Localization and turnover of phosphorylase kinase in rabbit skeletal muscle
60. 2+‐dependent modulator protein as the fourth subunit of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase
61. The subunit turnover of phosphorylase kinase
62. The subunit turnover of phosphorylase kinase: relative turnover rates of the subunits and implications for calmodulin turnover
63. Multisubunit protein turnover: differential turnover of the subunits of phosphorylase kinase and abnormal behavior of the caimodulin subunit
64. The design and analysis of isotope experiments
65. Assessment of protein turnover by use of radioisotopic tracers
66. Further evaluation of cofactor as a turnover label for glycogen phosphorylase
67. Protein structure and intracellular stability
68. Systematic analysis of the total proteins of a mammalian organism: Principles, problems and implications for sequencing the human genome
69. Regulation of intracellular enzyme levels by group specific proteases in various organs
70. Studies on the correlation between size and relative degradation rate of soluble proteins
71. A correlation between turnover rates and lipophilic affinities of soluble rat liver proteins
72. Correlation of degradative rates of proteins with a parameter calculated from amino acid composition and subunit size
73. Is protein turnover thermodynamically controlled
74. Initiation of selective proteolysis by metabolic interconversion
75. Inactivation of key metabolic enzymes by mixed‐function oxidation reactions: possible implication in protein turnover and ageing
76. Role of the α‐amino group of protein in ubiquitin‐mediated protein breakdown
77. In vivo half‐life of a protein is a function of its amino‐terminal residue
78. Ornithine de‐arboxylase is degraded by the 26S proteasome without ubiquitination
79. Degradation of structurally characterized proteins injected into HeLa cells: basic measurements
80. Degradation of structurally characterized proteins injected into HeLa cells: Effects of intracellular location and involvement of lysosomes
81. Degradation of structurally characterized proteins injected into Hela cells: Tests of hypotheses
82. A heat‐stable polypeptide component of an ATP‐dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes
83. Amino acid sequences common to rapidly degraded proteins: The PEST hypothesis
84. Ubiquitin is the ATP‐dependent proteolysis factor of rabbit reticulocytes
85. ATP‐dependent conjugation of reticulocyte proteins with the polypeptide required for protein degradation
86. Ubiquitin‐activating enzyme
87. The mechanism of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme
88. Components of ubiquitin–protein ligase system
89. ATP‐dependent degradation of ubiquitin‐protein conjugates
90. Purification of two high‐molecular‐mass proteases from rabbit reticulocyte lysate
91. Proposed role of ATP in protein breakdown: conjugation of proteins with multiple chains of the polypeptide of ATP‐dependent proteolysis
92. UBA1: An essential yeast gene encoding ubiquitin‐activating enzyme
93. Ubiquitin‐dependent proteolytic pathway in wheat germ: Isolation of multiple forms of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme, E1
94. Multiple forms of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1 from wheat
95. Isoforms of mammalian ubiquitin‐activating enzyme
96. Immunofluorescent localization of the ubiquitin‐activating enzyme, E1, to the nucleus and cytoskeleton
97. The resolution and characterization of putative ubiquitin carrier protein isozymes from rabbit reticulocytes
98. Functional diversity among putative E2 isozymes in the mechanism of ubiquitin‐histone ligation
99. Protein ubiquitination is regulated by phosphorylation. An in vitro study
100. Auto‐ubiquitination of ubiquitin‐activating enzymes from chicken breast muscle
101. The immunochemical detection and quantitation of intracellular ubiquitin‐protein conjugates
102. Ubiquitin is a component of the microtubule network
103. Ubiquitin and microtubule‐associated protein tau immunoreactivity each define distinct structures with differing distributions and solubility properties in Alzheimer brain
104. Proteolysis of mitochondria in reticulocytes during maturation is ubiquitin‐dependent and is accompanied by a high rate of ATP hydrolysis
105. Determination and characteristics of energy‐dependent proteolysis in rabbit reticulocytes
106. Scope of the ATP‐ubiquitin system for intracellular protein degradation
107. Evidence for a particulate location of ubiquitin conjugates and ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes in rabbit brain
108. The Pas2 protein essential for peroxisome biogenesis is related to ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes
109. Immunocytochemical localization of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme in the cell nucleus
110. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1 in HepG2 cells
111. Enzymic modification of proteins I. General characteristics of the arginine‐transfer reaction in rabbit liver cytoplasm
112. Enzymatic modification of proteins II. Purification and properties of the arginyl transfer ribonucleic acid‐protein transferase from rabbit liver cytoplasm
113. Peptide acceptors in the arginine transfer reaction
114. An enzyme with carboxy‐ terminal esterase activity from reticulocytes
115. Detection, resolution and nomenclature of multiple ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal esterases from bovine calf thymus
116. Pituitary multicatalytic proteinase complex. Specificity of components and aspects of pro‐teolytic activity
117. Involvement of the proteasome in various degradative processes in mammalian cells
118. The multicatalytic proteinase of mammalian cells
119. Characterization of active site of human multicatalytic proteinase
120. Separation of yeast proteasome sub‐units. Immunoreactivity with antibodies against ATP‐dependent protease Ti from Escherichia coli
121. ATP‐dependent incorporation of 20S protease into the 26S complex that degrades proteins conjugated to ubiquitin
122. Structural features of the 26S proteasome complex
123. ‘Covalent affinity’ purification of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme
124. The protein substrate binding site of the ubiquitin‐protein ligase system
125. Multiple ubiquitination of vertebrate calmodulin by reticulocyte lysate and inhibition of calmodulin conjugation by phosphorylase kinase
126. Ubiquitin‐calmodulin conjugating activity from cardiac muscle
127. ++ ‐free form of calmodulin
128. Covalent conjugation of mammalian calmodulin with ubiquitin
129. Actin in the merozoite of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum
130. Tumor necrosis factor‐α increases the ubiquitinization of rat skeletal muscle proteins
131. Occurrence of a polyubiquitin structure in ubiquitin‐protein conjugates
132. A multiubiquitin chain is confined to specific lysine in a targeted short‐lived protein
133. Structure of polyubiquitinated histone H2A
134. Changes in the histone H2A variant H2A.Z and polyubiquitinated histone species in developing trout testis
135. A ubiquitin C‐terminal isopeptidase that acts on polyubiquitin chains (role in protein degradation)
136. Multiple ubiquitination of calmodulin results in one polyubiquitin chain linked to calmodulin
137. 2+‐dependent manner
138. Multiubiquitin chains linked through lysine 48 are abundant in vivo and are competent intermediates in the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway
139. Structure of tetraubiquitin shows how multiubiquitin chains can be formed
140. Ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of histone H3 does not require the substrate‐binding ubiquitin protein ligase, E3, or attachment of polyubiquitin chains
141. Ubiquitin conjugation by the yeast RAD6 and CDC34 gene products: comparison to their putative rabbit homologs
142. The yeast ubiquitin gene: Head‐to tail repeats encoding a polyubiquitin precursor protein
143. Multiple ubiquitin mRNAs during Xenopus laevis development contain tandem repeats of the 76 amino acid coding sequence
144. Inhibition of ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis by des‐gly‐gly‐ubiquitin: Implications for the mechanism of polyubiquitin synthesis
145. Levels of active ubiquitin carrier proteins decline during erythroid maturation
146. The resolution and characterization of putative ubiquitin carrier protein isozymes from rabbit reticulocytes
147. Functional heterogeneity of ubiquitin carrier proteins
148. Histone 2A, a heteromorphous family of eight protein species
149. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4
150. Characterization of the heat‐stable polypeptide of the ATP‐dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes
151. Preparation of Iodine‐131 labelled human growth hormone of high specific activity
152. Calmodulin: Development and application of a sensitive radioimmunoassay
153. The activation of brain adenylate cyclase and brain cyclic‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase by seven calmodulin derivatives
154. Structural and functional changes associated with modification of the ubiquitin methionine
155. Role of ubiquitin conformations in the specificity of protein degradation: Iodinated derivatives with altered conformations and activities
156. 125I‐containing acylating agent
157. Iodination of tyrosine 59 of ubiquitin selectively blocks ubiquitin's acceptor activity in diubiquitin synthesis catalyzed by E2 25K
158. Maturation of rabbit reticulocytes: susceptibility of mitochondria to ATP‐dependent proteolysis is determined by the maturational state of reticulocyte
159. Affinity purification of ubiquitin‐protein ligase on immobilized protein substrates
160. Multiple forms of ubiquitin‐protein ligase. Binding of activated ubiquitin to protein substrates
161. 2‐terminal residue of proteins to ubiquitin‐protein ligase
162. A ubiquitin‐protein ligase specific for type III protein substrates
163. Binding sites of ubiquitin‐protein ligase
164. Inhibitory effect of nonenzymatic glycation on ubiquitination, and ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of lysozyme
165. Methylated ubiquitin inhibits cyclin degradation in clam embryo extracts
166. A 26S protease subunit that binds ubiquitin conjugates
167. RAD6 gene product of saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a putative ubiqutin protein ligase (E3) for the ubiquitination of certain proteins
168. Transfer RNA is required for conjugation of ubiquitin to selective substrates of the ubiquitin‐and ATP‐dependent proteolytic system
169. Degradation of nuclear oncoproteins by the ubiquitin system in vitro
170. Ubiquitin conjugation of cytochromes c
171. Conjugation of ubiquitin to denatured hemoglobin is proportional to the rate of hemoglobin degradation in HeLa cells
172. Red blood cells contain a pathway for the degradation of oxidant‐damaged hemoglobin that does not require ATP or ubiquitin
173. Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase activity associated with the 26S protease complex
174. Microinjection of ubiquitin: Intracellular distribution and metabolism in HeLa cells maintained under normal physiological conditions
175. Metabolism of ubiquitinated histones
176. Catabolism of rat serum albumin in vitro by mitochondrial, preparations of rat liver – pH effect
177. Resolution of the ATP‐dependent proteolytic systeme from reticulocytes: A component that interacts with ATP
178. Stimulation of ATP‐dependent proteolysis requires ubiquitin with the COOH‐terminal sequence Arg‐Gly‐Gly
179. Ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis of native and alkylated bovine serum albumin: Effects of protein structure and ATP concentration on selectivity
180. Inhibition of ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis by non‐ubiquitinatable proteins
181. ATP‐dependent proteolysis and the role of ubiquitin in rabbit cardiac muscle
182. Role of arginine‐tRNA in protein degradation, by the ubiquitin pathway
183. 2 termini of proteins is required for their recognition by ubiquitin‐protein ligase
184. Post‐translational modificatlon of proteins catalyzed by aminoacyl‐tRNA‐protein transferases
185. Serine protease inhibitors block N‐terminal arginylation of proteins by inhibiting the arginylation of tRNA in rat brains
186. Universality and structure of the N‐end rule
187. Controlled deamidation of peptides and proteins: an experimental hazard and a possible biological timer
188. Evolution and distribution of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues in proteins
189. Relationship between the catalytic center and the primary degradation site of triosephosphate isomerase: Effects of active site modification and deamidation
190. A multiubiquitin chain is confined to specific lysine in a targeted short‐lived protein
191. Cis‐trans recognition and subunit‐specific degradation of short‐lived proteins
192. The degradation signal in a short‐lived protein
193. The recognition component of the N‐end rule pathway
194. Yeast RAD6 encoded ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme mediates protein degradation dependent on the N‐end recognizing E3 enzyme
195. The N‐end rule is mediated by the UBC2 (RAD6) ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme
196. A soluble ATP‐dependent proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of abnormal proteins in reticulocytes
197. Immunochemical analysis of the turnover of ubiquitin‐protein conjugates in intact cells
198. Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes UBC4 and UBC5 mediate selective degradation of short‐lived and abnormal proteins
199. Ubiquitin dependence of selective protein degradation demonstrated in the mammalian cell cycle mutant ts85
200. Ubiquitin is conjugated with amino‐terminally processed tau in paired helical filaments
201. Tau‐ubiquitin protein conjugates in a human cell line
202. Degradation of proteins with acetylated amino termini by the ubiquitin system
203. ATP‐dependent proteolysis in erythroid and muscle cells
204. Post‐translational chemical modification(s) of proteins
205. Role for the adenosine triphosphate‐dependent proteolytic pathway in reticulocyte maturation
206. The effect of phenylhydrazine on protein breakdown in rabbit reticulocytes
207. Effect of heat shock on protein degradation in mammalian cells: Involvement of the ubiquitin system
208. UBC1 encodes a novel member of an essential subfamily of yeast ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes involved in protein degradation
209. The Ubiquitin‐activating enzyme, E1, is required for stress‐induced lysosomal degradation of cellular proteins
210. Red light‐induced formation of ubiquitin‐phytochrome conjugates: identification of possible intermediates of phytochrome degradation
211. Ubiquitin‐phytochrome conjugates
212. Partial purification and peptide mapping of, ubiquitin‐phytochrome conjugates from oat
213. Control of programmed cyclin destruction in a cell‐free system
214. Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B: Evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF
215. Components of a system that ligates cyclin to ubiquitin and their regulation by the protein kinase cdc2
216. Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway
217. The E6 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 promotes the degradation of p53
218. A cellular protein mediates association of p53 with the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus types 16 or 18
219. Uncoupling ubiquitin‐protein conjugation from ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis by use of β,γ‐nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues
220. The HPV‐16E6 and E6‐AP complex functions as a ubiquitin‐protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53
221. Degradation of the tumor suppresssssor protein p53 by the ubiquitin‐mediated proteolytic system requires a novel species of ubiqutin‐carrier protein, E2
222. Accumulation of p53 in a mutant cell line defective in the ubiquitin pathway
223. The short‐lived MATα2 transcriptional regulator is ubi‐quitinated in vivo
224. Multiple ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes participate in the in vivo degradation of the yeast MAT α2 repressor
225. The ‘second codon rule’ and autophosphorylation govern the stability and activity of MOS during meiotic cell cycle in Xenopus oocytes
226. Ubiquitin metabolism in ts85 cells, a mouse carcinoma line that contains a thermolabile ubiquitin‐activating enzyme
227. Specific recognition of calmodulin from Dictyostelium discoideum by the ATP, ubiquitin‐dependent degradative pathway
228. Bacterially synthesized vertebrate calmodulin is a specific substrate for ubiquitination
229. Isolation of ubiquitin‐conjugating activity from cardiac muscle by affinity chromatography on ubiquitin‐agarose
230. Evidence for a novel isopeptidase (uCaM‐isopeptidase) and for a reversible covalent modification of calmodulin with ubiquitin
231. Rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. Decay mechanism during reticulocyte maturation
232. Decay of hexokinase during reticulocyte maturation: Is oxidative damage a signal for destruction
233. 2+‐transport ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle
234. The binding of phosphorylase kinase to immobilized calmodulin
235. Regulatory subunits of cAMP‐dependent protein kinases are degraded after conjugation to ubiquitin: A molecular mechanism underlying long‐term synaptic plasticity
236. CAMP‐triggered proteolysis of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase in brush border membranes
237. Purification and characterization of a novel species of ubiquitin‐carrier protein, E2, that is involved in degradation of non‐‘N‐end rule’ protein substrates
238. Thermolability of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme from the mammalian cell cycle mutant ts85
239. Phosphorylation‐dephosphorylation of enzymes
240. Differentiation of the ATP‐dependent protease proteokinain from other high molecular weight cytosolic proteases in cardiac muscle
241. The inactivation of ubiquitin accounts for the inability to demonstrate ATP, ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis in liver extracts
242. Tissue distribution of ubiquityl‐calmodulin synthetase and proteokinain in rabbit
243. Degradation of microinjected methylated and unmethylated proteins in hepatoma tissue culture cells
244. Loss of ATP‐dependent proteolysis with maturation of reticulocytes and erythrocytes
245. Alterations in components of the ubiquitin–protein ligase system following maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes
246. Degradation of structurally characterized proteins injected into HeLa cells: Comparison with their stability in rabbit reticulocyte lysate
247. Skeletal muscle and liver contain a soluble ATP + ubiquitin‐dependent pro‐teolytic system
248. Skeletal muscle proteasome can degrade proteins in an ATP‐dependent process that does not require ubiquitin
249. Ubiquitination of endogenous calmodulin in rabbit tissues
250. Subcellular localization of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana
251. 2+‐dependent ubiquitination of a calmodulin fragment
252. 2+‐dependent ubiquitination of calmodulin in yeast
253. Selective ubiquitination of calmodulin by UBC4 and a putative ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
254. Base‐atom recognition in protein adsorption to alkyl agaroses
255. Three‐dimensional structure of calmodulin
256. Three‐dimensional structure of ubiquitin at 2.8 Å resolution
257. 2+‐dependent calmodulin binding protein
258. Components of the ubiquitinating system of calmodulin: Further characterization of the calmodulin binding protein
259. Ubiquitylation of calmodulin is reversed by the novel enzyme ubiquityl‐calmodulin isopeptidase
260. Interaction sites on phosphorylase kinase for calmodulin
261. Aminoterminal sequence identity of ubiquitin and the nonhistone component of nuclear protein A24
262. Isolation and characterization of protein A24, a ‘histone‐like’ non‐histone chromosomal protein
263. Isopeptide linkage between nonhistone and histone 2A polypeptides of chromosomal conjugate‐protein A24
264. Histone 2B can be modified by the attachment of ubiquitin
265. The structure of ubiquitinated histone H2B
266. Rapid turnover of the histone‐ubiquitin conjugate, Protein A24
267. Decrease in uH2A (protein A24) of a mouse temperature‐sensitive mutant
268. Protein A24 lyase activity in nucleoli of thioacetamide‐treated rat liver releases histone 2A and ubiquitin from conjugated protein A24
269. Substrate recognition of isopeptidase: Specific cleavage of the E‐(a‐g1ycyl)lysine linkage in ubiquitin‐protein conjugates
270. Ubiquitin carrier protein‐catalyzed ubiquitin transfer to histones
271. Level of ubiquitinated histone H2B in chromatin is coupled to ongoing transcription
272. Regulation of H2A‐specific proteolysis by the histone H3:H4 tetramer
273. Arthrin: A new actin‐like protein in insect flight muscle
274. Arthrin, a myofibrillar protein of insect flight muscle, is an actin‐ubiquitin conjugate
275. The eye lens has an active ubiquitin‐protein conjugation system
276. Aging and cellular maturation cause changes in ubiquitin‐eye lens protein conjugates
277. Bovine lens epithelial cells have a ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis system
278. Ubiquitination of myosin light chains
279. Ubiquitination of smooth muscle calpain II catalytic subunit
280. Cell surface molecule associated with lymphocyte homing is a ubiquitinated branched‐chain glycoprotein
281. Expression cloning of a lymphocyte homing receptor cDNA: Ubiquitin is the reactive species
282. Biosynthesis pathway of gp90Mel–14, the mouse lymph node‐specific homing receptor
283. Cloning of a lymphocyte homing receptor reveals a lectin domain
284. Mouse lymph node homing receptor cDNA clone encodes a glycoprotein revealing tandem interaction domains
285. Activation‐dependent ubiquitination of a T cell antigen receptor subunit on multiple intracellular lysines
286. The MEL 14 antibody binds to the lectin domain of the murine peripheral lymph node homing receptor
287. Growth hormone receptor and serum binding protein: purification, cloning and expression
288. Rabbit liver growth hormone receptor and serum binding protein. Purification, characterization and sequence
289. Structure of the receptor for platelet‐derived growth factor helps define a family of closely related growth factor receptors
290. Ligand‐induced polyubiquitination of the platelet‐derived growth factor α‐receptor
291. Ligand‐induced ubiquitination of the platelet‐derived growth factor α‐receptor plays a negative regulatory role in its mitogenic signalling
292. Tumor necrosis factor: A pleiotropic cytokine and therapeutic target
293. Purification and partial amino acid sequence analysis of two distinct tumor necrosis factor receptors from HL60 cells
294. Activation‐induced ubiquitination of the T cell antigen receptor
295. Cell surface control of the multi‐ubiquitination and deubiquitylation of high‐affinity immunglobulin E receptor
296. Multiple (α‐NH‐ubiquitin) protein endoproteases in cells
297. Partial purification and substrate specificity of a ubiquitin hydrolase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
298. Protein A24 lyase is an isopeptidase
299. Isopeptidase: A novel eukaryotic enzyme that cleaves isopeptide bonds
300. Synthesis and characterization of ubiquitin ethyl ester, a new substrate for ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase
301. Ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase acts on ubiquitin carbonyl‐terminal amides
302. A 25–kilodalton ubiquitin carrier protein (E2) catalyzes multiubiquitin chain synthesis via lysine 48 of ubiquitin
303. Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase activity associated with the 26S protease complex
304. Ubiquitin metabolism in cycling Xenopus egg extracts
305. Purification and characterization of the 26S proteasome complex catalyzing ATP‐dependent breakdown of ubiquitin‐ligated proteins from rat liver
306. Historical perspectives on protein phosphorylation and a classification system for protein kinases
307. Conversion of phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a in muscle extracts
308. The Interferon‐inducible 15‐kDa ubiquitin homolog conjugates to intracellular proteins
309. The multicatalytic and 26S proteases
310. Electron microscopy and image analysis of the multicatalytic proteinase
311. Macroxyproteinase (M. 0. P): A 670 kDa proteinase complex that degrades oxidatively denatured proteins in red blood cells
312. Purification of human erythrocyte proteolytic enzyme responsible for degradation of oxidant‐damaged hemoglobin. Evidence for identifying it as a member of the multicatalytic proteinase family
313. Hydrophobicity as the signal for selective degradation of hydroxyl radical‐modified hemoglobin by multicatalytic proteinase complex, proteasome
314. A multicomponent system that degrades proteins conjugated to ubiquitin
315. Induction of a protein inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase by the end products of its reaction
316. Changes in mouse kidney ornithine decarboxylase activity are brought about by changes in the amount of enzyme protein as measured by radioimmunassay
317. Spermidine mediates degradation of ornithine decarboxylase by a non‐lysosomal, ubiquitin‐independent mechanism
318. Degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in mammalian cells is ATP‐dependent but ubiquitin independent
319. Stabilization of ornithine decarboxylase in erythroleukemia cells depleted of ATP
320. A role for a 70‐kilodaton heat shock protein in lysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins
321. Involvement of the chaperonin dnaK in the rapid degradation of a mutant protein in Eschericha coli
322. ATP‐dependent chaperoning activity of reticulocyte lysate
323. Thennoplasma acidophilum proteasomes degrade partially unfolded and ubiquitin‐associated proteins
324. Ubiquitin has intrinsic proteolytic activity: implications for cellular regulation
325. Ubiquitin: A multifunctional regulatory protein associated with the cytoskeleton
326. A proteolytic artifact associated with the lysis of bacteria by egg white lysozyme
327. Ubiquitin with a non‐ATP‐ dependent slow intrinsic proteolytic activity: A mild and rapid purification procedure
328. Degradation from the endoplasmic reticulum: Disposing of newly synthesized proteins
329. Protein degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum
330. The endoplasmic reticulum as a site of protein degradation
331. A peptide sequence confers retention and rapid degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum
332. Colocalized transmembrane determinants for ER degradation and subunit assembly explain the intracellular fate of TCR chains
333. Membrane‐bound domain of HMG CoA reductase is required for sterol‐enhanced degradation of the enzyme
334. Multivalent control of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Mevalonat‐derived product inhibits translation of mRNA and accelerates degradation of enzyme
335. Inhibition of degradation of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase in vivo by cystein protease inhibitors
336. Mevalonic acid‐dependent degradation of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase in vivo and in vitro
337. Regulated degradation of HMG‐CoA reductase, an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast
338. Proteolysis and lipid‐facilitated translocation are distinct but competetive processes that regulate secretion of apolipoprotein B in Hep G2 cells
339. Regulated intracellular degradation of apolipoprotein B in semipermeable HepG2 cells
340. Endoplasmic reticulum degradation of subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in vitro
341. Two pathways for the degradation of the H2 subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum
342. Purification and characterization of two membrane bound serine proteinases from rat liver microsomes active in the degradation of cytochrome P450
343. Rapid degradation of unassembled immunoglobulin light chain is mediated by a serine protease and occurs in a pre‐golgi compartment
344. Regulation of MHC class I transport by the molecular chaperone, calnexin (p88, IP90)