Somatic hypermutation

Current Opinion in Immunology

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 248-254

  Neuberger, Michael S ^a   Milstein, César ^a  

^a MRC LABORATORY OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; GENE MUTATION; GENE REARRANGEMENT; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SOMATIC MUTATION; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

ANIMAL; B-LYMPHOCYTES; GENES, IMMUNOGLOBULIN; HUMAN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION; MICE; MUTATION;

EID: 0029030027     PISSN: 09527915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0952-7915(95)80010-7     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Somatic generation of diversity in a mammalian primary lymphoid organ: the sheep ileal Peyer's patches
2. A hyperconversion mechanism generates the chicken light chain preimmune repertoire
3. H gene of the chicken with a high incidence in the D region
4. H diversification by gene conversion-like and hypermutation mechanisms
5. Analysis of sequence transfers resembling gene conversion in a mouse antibody transgene
6. Germline variable regions that match hypermutated sequences in genes encoding murine anti-hapten antibodies
7. Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes 5′ boundary is near the promoter and 3′ boundary is ∼1 kb from V(D)J gene
8. H genes expressed by independently generated hybridomas apparently acquired by point mutation and selection rather than by gene conversion
9. k gene family and of the V-J recombination
10. Analysis of individual immunoglobulin λ light chain genes amplified from single cells is inconsistent with variable region gene conversion in germinal-center B cell somatic mutation
11. What limits affinity maturation of antibodies in Xenopus — the rate of somatic mutation or the ability to select mutants?
12. Somatic variation precedes extensive diversification of germline sequences and combinatorial joining in the evolution of immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity
13. Maturation and dispersal of B-cell clones during T cell-dependent antibody responses
14. Germinal centres in T-cell-dependent antibody responses
15. B cell diversification and differentiation in the periphery
16. Somatic mutation and memory
17. Locus-specific somatic hypermutation in germinal centre T cells
18. Analysis of somatic mutation in five B cell subsets of human tonsil
19. Tracing B cell development in human germinal centres by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections
20. Somatic mutation and the maturation of immune response to 2-phenyl oxazolone
21. k genes involved in the response to 2-phenyl-5-oxazolone
22. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. III. The kinetic of V region mutation and selection in germinal center B cells
23. Development of antibody diversity in single germinal centers: selective expansion of high-affinity variants
24. Generation of antibody diversity in the immune response of BALB/c mice to influenza virus hemagglutinin
25. The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire
26. Cyclic re-entry of germinal center B cells and the efficiency of affinity maturation
27. Maturation of the humoral immune response as an optimization problem
28. H gene segments and CDR3 distribution in the expressed C alpha and C gamma repertoires
29. Variable region gene analysis of B cell subsets derived from a 4-year old child: Somatically mutated memory B cells accumulate in the peripheral blood already at young age
30. Age-related decrease in the proportion of germinal center B cells from mouse Peyer's patches is accompanied by an accumulation of somatic mutations in their immunoglobulin genes
31. Antibody engineering for the analysis of affinity maturation of an anti-hapten response
32. Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the maturation of the immune response
33. Accumulation of somatic mutants in the B cell compartment after primary immunization with a T cell-dependent antigen
34. Passenger transgenes reveal intrinsic specificity of the antibody hypermutation mechanism: Clustering, polarity, and specific hot spots
35. κ and occurs on passenger transgenes
36. Affinity maturation leads to differential expression of multiple copies of a κ light-chain transgene
37. Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment region
38. Analysis of somatic hypermutation in mouse Peyer's patches using immunoglobulin κ light-chain transgenes
39. Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin λ chains a segment of the major intron hypermutates as much as the complementarity-determing regions
40. Three-dimensional structure determination of an anti-2 phenyloxazolone antibody: the role of somatic mutation and heavy/light chain pairing in the maturation of an immune response
41. Discriminating intrinsic and antigen-selected mutational hotspots in immunoglobulin V genes
42. H diversity
43. Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis
44. Expressed human immunoglobulin κ genes and their hypermutation
45. H locus completed by analysis of the telomeric region of chromosome 14q
46. H segments
47. Patterns of somatic mutations in immunoglobulin variable genes
48. Distribution of mutations around rearranged heavy-chain antibody variable-region genes
49. Somatic hypermutation of the J-C intron is markedly reduced in unrearranged κ and H alleles and is unevenly distributed in rearranged alleles
50. κ locus
51. Somatic mutation in constant regions of mouse λ1 light chains
52. Clusters of point mutations are found exclusively around rearranged antibody variable genes
53. Defining the nucleic acid substrate for somatic hypermutation
54. Somatic hypermutation in 5′ flanking regions of heavy chain antibody variable regions
55. Mapping the upstream boundary of somatic mutations in rearranged immunoglobulin transgenes and endogenous genes
56. The 5′ boundary of somatic hypermutation in a Cκ gene is in the leader intron
57. Comparison of somatic mutation frequencies among immunoglobulin genes
58. Weber JS, Berry J, Manser T, Claflin JL: Mutations in IgV(D)J genes are distributed asymmetrically and independently of the position of V(D)J. J Immunol 153:3594–3602.
59. Somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin transgene in κ transgenic mice
60. Mutation in a reporter gene depends on proximity to and transcription of immunoglobulin variable transgenes
61. Analysis of a T cell receptor gene as a target of the somatic hypermutation mechanism
62. Mutations of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase transgene driven by the immunoglobulin promoter and intron enhancer
63. A λ1 transgene under the control of a heavy chain promoter and enhancer does not undergo somatic hypermutation
64. Hypermutation is observed only in antibody H chain V region transgenes that have recombined with endogenous immunoglobulin H DNA: implications for the location of cis-acting elements required for somatic mutation
65. Somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin μ heavy chain transgene
66. Human immunoglobulin transgenes undergo rearrangement, somatic mutation and class switching in mice that lack endogenous IgM
67. The diversity of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies from transgenic mice bearing human immunoglobulin miniloci
68. H genes
69. Origin of antibody variation