Distribution of Industrial Air Emissions by Income and Race in The United States: An Approach Using the Toxic Release Inventory

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1995, Pages 69-80

  Perlin, Susan A ^a   Setzer, R Woodrow ^a   Creason, John ^a   Sexton, Ken ^a  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; DEMOGRAPHIC DATA; EMISSION DISTRIBUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; INDUSTRIAL EMISSION; METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; TOXIC RELEASE INVENTORY;

USA;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; JUSTICE; RACE DIFFERENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 0029020066     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es00001a008     Document Type: Article

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36. The TRI database has several key limitations: (a) Reported releases cannot be equated directly to exposure, since each chemical in each release scenario undergoes a different fate and transport
37. Because TRI chemicals vary greatly by toxicity, it cannot be assumed that large releases equate with high risk
38. The current list of TRI chemicals does not include all toxic chemicals of environmental health concern
39. Because of the reporting criteria for the number of employees and quantities of chemicals used, not all manufacturing facilities are required to report
40. Many facilities, which may be substantial sources of exposure, are not currently required to report, including utilities, warehouses, dry cleaners, mining operations, and Federal facilities (including those operated by the Department of Defense)
41. Facilities are only required to report data that are already known or reasonably ascertainable, and they are not required to verify the data they submit. Therefore, much of the reported data is estimated with unknown accuracy
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47. EPA's 33/50 program targeted the reduction of release (by 1992 of 33% and by 1995 of 50%) of the following 17 high-priority industrial chemicals: benzene, cadmium and compounds, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chromium and compounds, cyanides, lead and compounds, mercury and compounds, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methylene chloride, nickel and compounds, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and xylenes. Chemicals were listed because of concerns over human toxicity, large volume usage by industry, and high potential for reduction in emissions through pollution prevention measures. In 1988, these 17 chemicals accounted for 22% of the total releases reported in the TRI.