Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management

BMJ

Volumn 311, Issue 6998, 1995, Pages 158-

  Lean, M E J ^a   Han, T S ^a   Morrison, C E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIET RESTRICTION; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MALE; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; AGED; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY CONSTITUTION; BODY MASS INDEX; BODY WEIGHT; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; OBESITY; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T;

EID: 0029015738     PISSN: 09598138     EISSN: 14685833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.6998.158     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Gregory J Foster K Tyler H Wiseman M. The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults. London: HMSO, 1990.
2. Bennett N Dodd T Flatley J Freeth S Bolling K. Health survey for England 1993: a survey carried out by the social survey division of OPCS on behalf of the Department of Health. London: HMSO, 1995.
3. Secretary of State for Health. The health of the nation: a consultative document. London: HMSO, 1991. (Cm 1583.)
4. Scottish Office. Scotland's health. A challenge to us all. Edinburgh: HMSO, 1992.
5. Cardiovascular Review Group Committee on Medical Aspects of Food. Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease: report of food policy. London: HMSO, 1994.
6. Health Education Authority. Obesity and overweight. London: HEA, 1991.
7. Bjorntorp P. Classification of obese patients and complications related to the distribution of surplus fat. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45(suppl 5):1120–5.
8. Seidell JC Hautvast JGAJ Deurenberg P. Overweight: fat distribution and health risk. Epidemiological observations. Infusionstherapie 1989; 16: 276–81.
9. Casimirri F Pasquali R Cesari MP Melchionda N Babara L. Interrelationships between body weight, body fat distribution and insulin in obese women before and after hypocaloric feeding and weight loss. Ann Nutr Metab 1989; 33: 79–87.
10. Den Besten C Vansant G Weststrate JA Deurenberg P. Resting metabolic rate and diet induced thermogenesis in abdominal and gluteal femoral obese women before and after weight reduction. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 840–7.
11. Dennis KE Goldberg AP. Differential effects of body fatness and body fat distribution on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 1487–94.
12. Kanaley JA Andersen-Reid ML Oenning L Kottle BA Jensen MD. Differential health benefits of weight loss in upper-body and lower-body obese women. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57: 20–6.
13. Van Gaal LF. Body fat distribution: endocrine, metabolic and therapeutic aspects related to atherosclerosis. Antwerp: Universiteit Antwerpen, 1990.
14. Van der Kooy K Leenen R Seidell JC Deurenberg P Hautvast GAJ. Effect of a weight cycle on visceral fat accumulation. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 58: 853–7.
15. World Health Organisation. Measuring obesity: classification and distribution of anthropometric data. Copenhagen: WHO, 1989. (Nutr UD, EUR/ICP/NUT 125.)
16. Khosla T Lowe CR. Indices of obesity derived from body weight and height. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 1967; 21: 122–8.
17. Norusis MJ. Base system user's guide. SPSS for Windows: Release 6. Chicago, IL: SPSS, 1993.
18. Hanson P. Clinical exercise testing. In: BlairSNPainterPPateRRSmithLKTaylorCBeds. Resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1988.
19. Larsson B Svardsudd K Welin L Wilhelmsen L Bjorntorp P Tibbin G. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. BMJ 1984; 288: 1401–4.
20. Lapidus L Bengtsson C Larsson B Pennert K Rybo E Sjostrom L. Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. BMJ 1984; 289: 1257–61.
21. Sonnichsen AC Richter WO Schwandt P. Benefit from hypocaloric diet in obese men depends on the extent of weight loss regarding cholesterol, and on a simultaneous change in body fat distribution regarding insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Metabolism 1992; 41: 1035–9.
22. Houmard JA McCulley C Roy LK Bruner KR McCammon MR Israel RG. Effects of exercise training on absolute and relative measurements of regional adiposity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1994; 18: 243–8.
23. Wing RR Jefferey RW Burton LR Kuller LH Folsom AR. Change in waisthip ratio with weight loss and its association with change in cardiovascular risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 1086–92.
24. Davey Smith G Song F Sheldon TA. Cholesterol lowering and mortality: the importance of considering initial level of risk. BMJ 1993; 306: 1367–73.
25. Yudkin JS. How can we best prolong life? Benefits of coronary risk factor reduction–non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. BMJ 1993; 306: 1313–8.
26. Rimm EB Stampfer MJ Colditz GA Chute GC Litin LB Willet WC. Validity of self-reported waist and hip circumferences in men and women. Epidemiology 1990; 1: 466–73.
27. Chan JM Stampfer MJ Rimm EB Walter CW Colditz GA. Obesity, fat distribution, and weight gain as risk factors for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1994; 9: 961–9.
28. Flodmark CE Sveger T Nilsso-Ehle P. Waist measurement correlates to a potential atherogenic lipoprotein profile in obese 12–14 year-old children. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83: 941–5.
29. Pouliot M-C Despres J-P Lemieux S Moorjanii S Bouchard C Tremblay A, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 460–8.
30. Higgins M Kannel W Garrison R Pinsky J Stokes J III. Hazards of obesity–the Framingham experience. Acta Medic Scandinavica (suppl) 1988; 723: 23–36.
31. Must A Jaques PF Dallal GE Bajema CJ Dietz WH. Long term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: a follow-up of the Harvard growth study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1350–5.