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Current Opinion in Biotechnology
Volumn 6, Issue 3, 1995, Pages 292-297
Discovering novel bacteria, with an eye to biotechnological applications
Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]
Indexed keywords

ACID; ALKALI; BACTERIAL ENZYME; ORGANIC SOLVENT;
EID: 0029008010     PISSN: 09581669     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0958-1669(95)80050-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)
References (45)
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    • of outstanding interest, An anaerobic and thermophilic alkaliphile, strain JW/YL23-2T (where T indicates type strain), is isolated from sewage sludge obtained from a sewage plant in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. At pH 10.1 and 50°C, the doubling time of this strain is 19 min. This motile rod-shaped bacterium, which has 2–12 peritrichous flagella, exhibits a negative Gram-stain reaction, but is Gram-positive on the basis of the polymyxin B test. No heat-stable (85°C for 15 min) endospores are detected. At 50°C, growth occurs at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 11.0; the optimum pH is 9.6–10.1. Growth can take place at temperatures ranging from 27°C to 57.5°C; the optimum temperature is 48–51°C (pH 10.1). The DNA G+C content is 32%mole (as determined by chemical analysis). 16s rRNA sequence analysis reveals a 2% inferred evolutionary distance to Clostridium paradoxum. On the basis of the [[Truncated]]
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    • Alkaliphilic anaerobic community at pH 10
    • of outstanding interest, A bacterial community of an alkaline lake is investigated. The diversity of bacteria found indicates that the two conditions of autonomy and phylogenetic variety are fulfilled for anaerobic bacteria growing at pH 10. Representatives of proteolytic, bacteriolytic, cellulolytic, saccharolytic, acetogenic, sulphate-reducing, methanogenic bacteria were isolated.
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    • Thermophilic alkaline xylanase from newly isolated alkaliphilic and thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1
    • of special interest, An alkaliphilic and thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain TAR-1, isolated from soil, is shown to produce a xylanase extracellularly. The xylanase is most active over a pH range of 5.0–9.5 at 50°C. Optimum temperatures of the crude xylanase preparation are 75°C at pH 7.0 and 70°C at pH 9.0. The molecular mass of the xylanase preparation is 40 kDa and the isolelectric point is pH 4.1. The predominant products of xylan hydrolysis are xylobiose, xylotriose and higher oligosaccharides, indicating that the enzyme is an endoxylanase.
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    • Xylanases in bleaching from an idea to the industry
    • of outstanding interest, In the traditional pulping process, residual lignin is degraded by chlorine-based chemicals or other oxidizing agents and extracted by alkaline solutions in successive steps to increase pulp brightness. Lignin is thought to be linked to hemicellulose in pulps. Under alkaline conditions, xylan is first dissolved and then reprecipitated into the fibres. It has been suggested that the xylan is present in the fibres in different forms: loosely bound in the pulp, crystallized onto the cellulose fibres, or chemically linked to cellulose. Cleavage of hemicellulose bonds near the points of attachment between lignin and hemicelluose may also facilitate the extraction of residual lignin. This review describes the utilization of xylanase in the bleaching process, an approach that can significantly decrease the amount of chlorine consumption. Using xylanases, lignin content, usually expressed as kappa number, was reduced in pine and [[Truncated]]
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    • Protease-producing psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from Antartica
    • of special interest, The extracellular protease production capacity of 840 bacterial strains isolated during the austral summers of 1989/90 and 1991/92 from different niches in the Antartic ecosystem is analyzed using skimmed-milk agar plates. Thirty four psychrotrophic strains were selected, classified at genus level and tested for proteolytic activity by the azocasin method from the cell-free supernatant of submerged cultures. Thirty two of the selected strains were Gram-negative bacteria and Pseudomonas was the predominant genus. Three Pseudomonas maltophilia strains showed the highest levels of proteolytic activity estimated by the ring of hydrolysis in skimmed-milk agar plates and the activity measured by the azocasein method. The results suggest that these psychrotrophic strains are a potentially useful source of proteases with high activity at moderate temperatures.
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    • Purification and Properties of Extracellular Amylase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus profundus DT5432.
    • r = 42 000). The enzyme exhibits maximal activity at pH 5.5–6.0 and is stable in the range pH 5.9–9.5. The optimum temperature is 80°C. The half-life of the enzyme is 3 h at 80°C and 15 min at 90°C. The amylase hydrolyzes soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen to produce maltose and maltotriose in the α-configuration as the main products. Smaller amounts [[Truncated]]
    • (1995) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.61 , pp. 1502-1506
    • Chung1    Koybashi2    Kanai3    Akiba4    Kudo5
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    • Isolation of deep-sea barophilic bacterium and some of its growth characteristics
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    • Isolation and properties of barophilic and barotolerant bacteria from deep-sea mud samples
    • of outstanding interest, Several barophilic and barotolerant bacteria were isolated from deep-sea mud samples of Suraga Bay (2485 m depth), the Ryukyu Trench (5110m depth), and the Japan Trench (land-side and sea-side depths of 6356 m and 6292 m, respectively). The barophilic bacteria (strains DB5501, DB6101, DB6705 and DB6906) grow better under high hydrostatic pressures than under atomospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). The optimal growth pressure for the barophilic bacteria is ∼50 MPa at 10°C. The barotolerant strains DSK1 and DSS12 are psychrophilic and have optimal growth temperatures of 10°C and 8°C, respectively. The degree of barophily and barotolerance is shown to be highly dependent on temperature. For example, at 4°C, the barophilic strains are indistinguishable from barotolerant strains, whereas at 15°C, the barotolerant strains behave less like barophilic strains. On the basis of sequence analysis [[Truncated]]
    • (1995) Biodiversity Conservation , vol.4 , pp. 1-9
    • Kato1    Sato2    Horikoshi3
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    • A Pseudomonas thrives in high concentrations of toluene
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    • Isolation of a benzene-tolerant bacterium and its hydrocarbon degradation
    • of special interest, This paper describes an improved method for isolating solvent-tolerant microorganisms. After deep-sea sediment samples (collected from a depth of 1945 m in Suruga Bay) were treated with 20% (v/v) benzene, followed by 50% (v/v) kerosene, 56 halotolerant bacteria were isolated as candidate hydrocarbon degraders that also possess th characteristic of benzene tolerance. One of these isolates shows halotolerant growth and tolerance to various kinds of organic solvent, such as 5% (v/v) benzene, 10% (v/v) toluene and 10% (v/v) p-xylene. These characteristics, as well as its morphological and biochemical characteristics, suggest that this solvent-tolerant bacteria is a variant strain of Flavobacterium sp. The strain shows a strong n-alkane degrading ability (〉90% degradation of n-alkanes in kerosene) compared with other bacteria so far reported.
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    • Preparation of organic solvent-tolerant mutants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01161
    • of special interest, A spontaneous mutant of P. aeruginosa that is tolerant to p-xylene is derived from a solvent-sensitive parental strain PAO 1161. A ‘host-vector system’ is used to investigate organic-solvent tolerance.
    • (1994) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , vol.58 , pp. 1754-1755
    • Komatsu1    Moriya2    Horikoshi3

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.