메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 10, 1995, Pages 1017-1028

Measuring the functional status of patients with low back pain: Assessment of the quality of four disease-specific questionnaires

Author keywords

Activities of daily living; Disability evaluation; Low back pain; Psychometrics; Questionnaires

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DISABILITY; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; LOW BACK PAIN; MEDICAL INFORMATION; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY;

EID: 0028961245     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199505000-00008     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (249)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0024847216 scopus 로고
    • Quality of life assessment in clinical trials: Méthodologie issues
    • Aaronson NK. Quality of life assessment in clinical trials: méthodologie issues. Controlled Clin Trials 1989;10(Suppl): 195-208.
    • (1989) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.10 , pp. 195-208
    • Aaronson, N.K.1
  • 2
    • 0027446960 scopus 로고
    • Heliövaara M. Fat content of lumbar extensor muscles and low back disability: A radiographic and clinical comparison
    • Alaranta H, Tallroth K, Soukka A, Heliövaara M. Fat content of lumbar extensor muscles and low back disability: A radiographic and clinical comparison. Journal of Spinal Dis-orders 1993;6:137-140.
    • (1993) Journal of Spinal Dis-Orders , vol.6 , pp. 137-140
    • Alaranta, H.1    Tallroth, K.2    Soukka, A.3
  • 3
    • 0002992597 scopus 로고
    • The Oswestry dis-ability index revisited: Its reliability, repeatability and validity, and a comparison with the St Thomas’s disability index
    • In: Roland MO, Jenner JR, eds., England: University Press
    • Baker JD, Pynsent PB, Fairbank JCT. The Oswestry dis-ability index revisited: Its reliability, repeatability and validity, and a comparison with the St Thomas’s disability index. In: Roland MO, Jenner JR, eds. Backpain: New Approaches to Rehabilitation and Education. Manchester, England: University Press, 1989:174-186.
    • (1989) Backpain: New Approaches to Rehabilitation and Education. Manchester , pp. 174-186
    • Baker, J.D.1    Pynsent, P.B.2    Fairbank, J.3
  • 4
    • 0019827980 scopus 로고
    • Sickness Impact Profile: Development and final revision of health status measure
    • Bergner M, Bobbitt RA, Carter WB, Gilson BS. Sickness Impact Profile: Development and final revision of health status measure. Med Care 1981;19:787-805.
    • (1981) Med Care , vol.19 , pp. 787-805
    • Bergner, M.1    Bobbitt, R.A.2    Carter, W.B.3    Gilson, B.S.4
  • 5
    • 0023065573 scopus 로고
    • Health status measures: An overview and guide for selection
    • Bergner M, Rothman ML. Health status measures: An overview and guide for selection. Annu Rev Public Health 1987;8:191-210.
    • (1987) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.8 , pp. 191-210
    • Bergner, M.1    Rothman, M.L.2
  • 6
    • 0020182001 scopus 로고
    • A methodological framework to develop and select indices for clinical trials: Statistical and judgment approaches
    • Bombardier C, Tugwell P. A methodological framework to develop and select indices for clinical trials: Statistical and judgment approaches. J Rheumatol 1982;9:753-775.
    • (1982) J Rheumatol , vol.9 , pp. 753-775
    • Bombardier, C.1    Tugwell, P.2
  • 7
    • 0023262638 scopus 로고
    • Methodological considerations in functional assessment
    • Bombardier C, Tugwell P. Methodological considerations in functional assessment. J Rheumatol 1987;15(Suppl):6—10.
    • (1987) J Rheumatol , vol.15 , pp. 6-10
    • Bombardier, C.1    Tugwell, P.2
  • 9
    • 0024840426 scopus 로고
    • Independent evaluation of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for chronic low back pain
    • Cassisi JE, Sypert GW, Salamon A, Kapel L. Independent evaluation of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for chronic low back pain. Neurosurgery 1989;25:877-883.
    • (1989) Neurosurgery , vol.25 , pp. 877-883
    • Cassisi, J.E.1    Sypert, G.W.2    Salamon, A.3    Kapel, L.4
  • 10
    • 0027396872 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the St. Thomas and Oswestry disability scores and the severity of low back pain
    • Co YY, Eaton S, Maxwell MW. The relationship between the St. Thomas and Oswestry disability scores and the severity of low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1993;16:14-18.
    • (1993) J Manipulative Physiol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 14-18
    • Co, Y.Y.1    Eaton, S.2    Maxwell, M.W.3
  • 11
    • 0027232525 scopus 로고
    • Distraction manipulation reduction of an L5-S1 disk herniation
    • Cox JM, Hazen LJ, Mungovan M. Distraction manipulation reduction of an L5-S1 disk herniation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1993;16:342—346.
    • (1993) J Manipulative Physiol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 342-346
    • Cox, J.M.1    Hazen, L.J.2    Mungovan, M.3
  • 12
    • 0027506296 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for use of an extension-mobilization category in acute low back syndrome: A prescriptive validation pilot study
    • Delitto A, Cibulka MT, Erhard RE, Bowling RW, The- huia JA. Evidence for use of an extension-mobilization category in acute low back syndrome: A prescriptive validation pilot study. Phys Ther 1993;73:216—222.
    • (1993) Phys Ther , vol.73 , pp. 216-222
    • Delitto, A.1    Cibulka, M.T.2    Erhard, R.E.3    Bowling, R.W.4    The- Huia, J.A.5
  • 13
    • 0021149133 scopus 로고
    • Measuring functional outcomes in therapeutic trials for chronic disease
    • Deyo RA. Measuring functional outcomes in therapeutic trials for chronic disease. Controlled Clin Trials 1984;5:223— 240.
    • (1984) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.5
    • Deyo, R.A.1
  • 14
    • 0022903475 scopus 로고
    • Comparative validity of the sickness impact profile and shorter scales for functional assessment in low- back pain
    • Deyo RA. Comparative validity of the sickness impact profile and shorter scales for functional assessment in low- back pain. Spine 1986;11:951—954.
    • (1986) Spine , vol.11 , pp. 951-954
    • Deyo, R.A.1
  • 15
    • 0024231011 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the functional status of patients with low back pain
    • Deyo RA. Measuring the functional status of patients with low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988;69:1044—1053.
    • (1988) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.69 , pp. 1044-1053
    • Deyo, R.A.1
  • 16
    • 0025873919 scopus 로고
    • The quality of life, research, and care
    • Deyo RA. The quality of life, research, and care. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:695-697.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.114 , pp. 695-697
    • Deyo, R.A.1
  • 17
    • 0022829003 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the responsiveness of functional scales to clinical change: An analogy to diagnostic test performance
    • Deyo RA, Centor RM. Assessing the responsiveness of functional scales to clinical change: An analogy to diagnostic test performance. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1986;39:897— 906.
    • (1986) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.39
    • Deyo, R.A.1    Centor, R.M.2
  • 18
    • 0025851102 scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility and re-sponsiveness of health status measures. Statistics and strategies for evaluation
    • Deyo RA, Diehr P, Patrick DL. Reproducibility and re-sponsiveness of health status measures. Statistics and strategies for evaluation. Controlled Clin Trials 1991;12(Suppl):142—158.
    • (1991) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.12 , pp. 142-158
    • Deyo, R.A.1    Diehr, P.2    Patrick, D.L.3
  • 19
    • 0021474879 scopus 로고
    • Toward clinical applications of health status measures: Sensitivity of scales to clinically important changes
    • Deyo RA, Inui TS. Toward clinical applications of health status measures: Sensitivity of scales to clinically important changes. Health Serv Res 1984;19:275-289.
    • (1984) Health Serv Res , vol.19 , pp. 275-289
    • Deyo, R.A.1    Inui, T.S.2
  • 21
    • 0017691113 scopus 로고
    • Hard science, soft data, and the challenge of choosing clinical variables in research
    • Feinstein AR. Clinical biostatistics XLI. Hard science, soft data, and the challenge of choosing clinical variables in research. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977;22:485—498.
    • (1977) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.22 , pp. 485-498
    • Feinstein, A.R.1    Clinical Biostatistics, X.2
  • 24
    • 0026776640 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of outcome in patients with low-back pain
    • Greenough CG, Fraser RD. Assessment of outcome in patients with low-back pain. Spine 1992;17:36-41.
    • (1992) Spine , vol.17 , pp. 36-41
    • Greenough, C.G.1    Fraser, R.D.2
  • 25
    • 0027283875 scopus 로고
    • Intercor-relation and test-retest reliability of the pain disability index (PDI) and the Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with pain intensity in low back pain patients
    • Grönblad M, Hupli M, Wennerstrand P, et al. Intercor-relation and test-retest reliability of the pain disability index (PDI) and the Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with pain intensity in low back pain patients. Clinical Journal of Pain 1993;9:189-195.
    • (1993) Clinical Journal of Pain , vol.9 , pp. 189-195
    • Grönblad, M.1    Hupli, M.2    Wennerstrand, P.3
  • 27
    • 0002339892 scopus 로고
    • Measurement in clinical trials: Choosing the appropriate approach
    • In: Spilker B, eds., New York: Raven Press Ltd
    • Guyatt GH, Jaeschke R. Measurement in clinical trials: Choosing the appropriate approach. In: Spilker B, eds. Quality of Life Assessment in Clinical Trials. New York: Raven Press Ltd, 1990:37-46.
    • (1990) Quality of Life Assessment in Clinical Trials , pp. 37-46
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Jaeschke, R.2
  • 28
    • 0027087013 scopus 로고
    • Measuring health status: What are the necessary measurement properties?
    • Guyatt GH, Kirshner B, Jaeschke R. Measuring health status: What are the necessary measurement properties? J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:1341—1345.
    • (1992) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.45 , pp. 1341-1345
    • Guyatt, G.H.1    Kirshner, B.2    Jaeschke, R.3
  • 30
    • 0023154612 scopus 로고
    • Measuring change over time: Assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments
    • Guyatt G, Walter S, Norman G. Measuring change over time: Assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1987;40:171-178.
    • (1987) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.40 , pp. 171-178
    • Guyatt, G.1    Walter, S.2    Norman, G.3
  • 32
    • 0023411259 scopus 로고
    • A benefit of spinal manipulation as adjunctive therapy for acute low-back pain: A stratified controlled trial
    • Hadler NM, Curtis P, Gillings DB, Stinnett S. A benefit of spinal manipulation as adjunctive therapy for acute low-back pain: A stratified controlled trial. Spine 1987;12:703-705.
    • (1987) Spine , vol.12 , pp. 703-705
    • Hadler, N.M.1    Curtis, P.2    Gillings, D.B.3    Stinnett, S.4
  • 33
    • 0024533635 scopus 로고
    • Functional restoration with behavioral support. A one-year prospective study of patients with chronic low-back pain
    • Hazard RG, Fenwick JW, Kalisch SM, et al. Functional restoration with behavioral support. A one-year prospective study of patients with chronic low-back pain. Spine 1989;14: 157-161.
    • (1989) Spine , vol.14 , pp. 157-161
    • Hazard, R.G.1    Fenwick, J.W.2    Kalisch, S.M.3
  • 34
    • 0028855004 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of lumbar traction: A ran-domized clinical trial. Design and results of a pilot study
    • Heijden vander GJMG, Beurskens AJHM, Dirx MJM, Terpstra-Lindeman E. The efficacy of lumbar traction: A ran-domized clinical trial. Design and results of a pilot study. Physiotherapy 1995;81:29-35.
    • (1995) Physiotherapy , vol.81 , pp. 29-35
    • Heijden Vander, G.1    Beurskens, A.2    Dirx, M.3    Terpstra-Lindeman, E.4
  • 36
    • 0026477075 scopus 로고
    • Functional outcomes of low back pain: Comparison of four treatment groups in a randomized controlled trial
    • Hsieh CJ, Phillips RB, Adams AH, Pope MH. Functional outcomes of low back pain: Comparison of four treatment groups in a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992;15:4-9.
    • (1992) J Manipulative Physiol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 4-9
    • Hsieh, C.J.1    Phillips, R.B.2    Adams, A.H.3    Pope, M.H.4
  • 38
    • 0027400505 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of two multimodal back treatment programs with and without intensive physical training
    • Järvikoski A, Mellin G, Estländer A, et al. Outcome of two multimodal back treatment programs with and without intensive physical training. Journal of Spinal Disorders 1993; 6:93-98.
    • (1993) Journal of Spinal Disorders , vol.6 , pp. 93-98
    • Järvikoski, A.1    Mellin, G.2    Estländer, A.3
  • 39
    • 0026666281 scopus 로고
    • Validity of the sickness impact profile Roland scale as a measure of dysfunction in chronic pain patients
    • Jensen MP, Strom SE, Turner J, Romano JM. Validity of the sickness impact profile Roland scale as a measure of dysfunction in chronic pain patients. Pain 1992;50:157-162.
    • (1992) Pain , vol.50 , pp. 157-162
    • Jensen, M.P.1    Strom, S.E.2    Turner, J.3    Romano, J.M.4
  • 41
    • 0018832283 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and impact of low back pain
    • Kelsey JL, White AA. Epidemiology and impact of low back pain. Spine 1980;5:133-142.
    • (1980) Spine , vol.5 , pp. 133-142
    • Kelsey, J.L.1    White, A.A.2
  • 42
    • 0021982047 scopus 로고
    • A methodological framework for assessing health indices
    • Kirshner B, Guyatt GH. A methodological framework for assessing health indices. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1985;38: 27-36.
    • (1985) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.38 , pp. 27-36
    • Kirshner, B.1    Guyatt, G.H.2
  • 43
    • 0025191076 scopus 로고
    • Low-energy laser treatment and exercise for chronic low back pain: Double-blind controlled trial
    • Klein RG, Eek BC. Low-energy laser treatment and exercise for chronic low back pain: Double-blind controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71:34-37.
    • (1990) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.71 , pp. 34-37
    • Klein, R.G.1    Eek, B.C.2
  • 48
    • 0022573564 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management of low back pain: A feasibility study
    • Meade TW, Browne W, Mellows S. (Report of a working group) Comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management of low back pain: A feasibility study. J Epidemiol Community Health 1986;40:12-17.
    • (1986) J Epidemiol Community Health , vol.40 , pp. 12-17
    • Meade, T.W.1    Browne, W.2    Mellows, S.3
  • 49
    • 0025364492 scopus 로고
    • Low back pain of mechanical origin: Randomised comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient treatment
    • Meade TW, Dyer S, Browne W, Townsend J, Frank AO. Low back pain of mechanical origin: Randomised comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient treatment. BMJ 1990; 300:1431-1436.
    • (1990) BMJ , vol.300 , pp. 1431-1436
    • Meade, T.W.1    Dyer, S.2    Browne, W.3    Townsend, J.4    Frank, A.O.5
  • 50
    • 0021678770 scopus 로고
    • Outcome as-sessment in clinical trials. Evidence for the sensitivity of a health status measure
    • Meenan RF, Anderson JJ, Kazis LE, et al. Outcome as-sessment in clinical trials. Evidence for the sensitivity of a health status measure. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:1344-1352.
    • (1984) Arthritis Rheum , vol.27 , pp. 1344-1352
    • Meenan, R.F.1    Erson, J.J.2    Kazis, L.E.3
  • 52
    • 0027173904 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of a multimodal treatment including intensive physical training of patients with chronic low back pain
    • Mellin G, Härkäpää K, Vanharanta H, Hupli M, Heino- nen R, Järvikoski A. Outcome of a multimodal treatment including intensive physical training of patients with chronic low back pain. Spine 1993;18:825-829.
    • (1993) Spine , vol.18 , pp. 825-829
    • Mellin, G.1    Härkäpää, K.2    Vanharanta, H.3    Hupli, M.4    Heino- Nen, R.5    Järvikoski, A.6
  • 53
    • 0016725211 scopus 로고
    • The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods
    • Melzack R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods. Pain 1975;1:277-299.
    • (1975) Pain , vol.1 , pp. 277-299
    • Melzack, R.1
  • 54
    • 0026053006 scopus 로고
    • Construct validity of practical questionnaires for assessing disability of low-back pain
    • Millard RW, Jones RH. Construct validity of practical questionnaires for assessing disability of low-back pain. Spine 1991;16:835-838.
    • (1991) Spine , vol.16 , pp. 835-838
    • Millard, R.W.1    Jones, R.H.2
  • 56
    • 0019785613 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of low back pain and assessment of lumbar corsets with and without back supports
    • Million R, Nilsen KH, Jayson MIV, Baker RD. Evaluation of low back pain and assessment of lumbar corsets with and without back supports. Ann Rheum Dis 1981 ;40:449—457.
    • (1981) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.40 , pp. 449-457
    • Million, R.1    Nilsen, K.H.2    Jayson, M.3    Baker, R.D.4
  • 59
    • 0027199376 scopus 로고
    • Altering beliefs about pain and impairment in a functionally oriented treatment program for chronic low back pain
    • Rainville J, Ahern DK, Phalen L. Altering beliefs about pain and impairment in a functionally oriented treatment program for chronic low back pain. Clinical Journal of Pain 1993;9:196-201.
    • (1993) Clinical Journal of Pain , vol.9 , pp. 196-201
    • Rainville, J.1    Ahern, D.K.2    Phalen, L.3
  • 60
    • 0020583112 scopus 로고
    • A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: Development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain
    • Roland M, Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: Development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. Spine 1983;8:141-144.
    • (1983) Spine , vol.8 , pp. 141-144
    • Roland, M.1    Morris, R.2
  • 61
    • 0020640402 scopus 로고
    • A study of the natural history of back pain. Part II: Development of guidelines for trials of treatment in primary care
    • Roland M, Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part II: Development of guidelines for trials of treatment in primary care. Spine 1983;8:145-150.
    • (1983) Spine , vol.8 , pp. 145-150
    • Roland, M.1    Morris, R.2
  • 62
    • 0025644182 scopus 로고
    • Spine rehabilitation by work tolerance based on objective physical capacity assessment of dysfunction. A prospective study with control subjects and twelve-month review
    • Sachs BL, David JAF, Olimpio D, Scala AD, Lacroix M. Spine rehabilitation by work tolerance based on objective physical capacity assessment of dysfunction. A prospective study with control subjects and twelve-month review. Spine 1990;15:1325-1332.
    • (1990) Spine , vol.15 , pp. 1325-1332
    • Sachs, B.L.1    David, J.2    Olimpio, D.3    Scala, A.D.4    Lacroix, M.5
  • 63
    • 0027279291 scopus 로고
    • Autotraction versus passive traction: An open controlled study in lumbar disc herniation
    • Tesio L, Merlo A. Autotraction versus passive traction: An open controlled study in lumbar disc herniation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993;74:871-876.
    • (1993) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.74 , pp. 871-876
    • Tesio, L.1    Merlo, A.2
  • 64
    • 0027460551 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of outcome measures for use with back pain patients: Results of a feasibility study
    • Triano JJ, McGregor M, Cramer GD, Emde D. A comparison of outcome measures for use with back pain patients: Results of a feasibility study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1993;16:67-73.
    • (1993) J Manipulative Physiol Ther , vol.16 , pp. 67-73
    • Triano, J.J.1    McGregor, M.2    Cramer, G.D.3    Emde, D.A.4
  • 65
    • 0023626342 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of objective measure of trunk motion and muscle function with low-back disability ratings
    • Triano JJ, Schultz AB. Correlation of objective measure of trunk motion and muscle function with low-back disability ratings. Spine 1987;12:561—565.
    • (1987) Spine , vol.12 , pp. 561-565
    • Triano, J.J.1    Schultz, A.B.2
  • 66
    • 0023184055 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of lumbar impairment
    • Waddell G. Clinical assessment of lumbar impairment. Clin Orthop 1987;221:110-120.
    • (1987) Clin Orthop , vol.221 , pp. 110-120
    • Waddell, G.1
  • 67
    • 0021277028 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of severity in low-back disorders
    • Waddell G, Main CJ. Assessment of severity in low-back disorders. Spine 1984;9:204-8.
    • (1984) Spine , vol.9 , pp. 204-208
    • Waddell, G.1    Main, C.J.2
  • 68
    • 0021274968 scopus 로고
    • Chronic low-back pain, psychologic distress, and illness be-haviour
    • Waddell G, Main CJ, Morris EW, Paola MD, Gray ICM. Chronic low-back pain, psychologic distress, and illness be-haviour. Spine 1984;9:209—213.
    • (1984) Spine , vol.9 , pp. 209-213
    • Waddell, G.1    Main, C.J.2    Morris, E.W.3    Paola, M.D.4    Gray, I.5
  • 69
    • 0020070304 scopus 로고
    • Normality and reliability in clinical assessment of backache
    • Waddell G, Main CJ, Morris EW, et al. Normality and reliability in clinical assessment of backache. BMJ 1982:284: 1519-1523.
    • (1982) BMJ , vol.284 , pp. 1519-1523
    • Waddell, G.1    Main, C.J.2    Morris, E.W.3
  • 70
    • 0026668261 scopus 로고
    • Objective clinical evaluation of physical impairment in chronic low back pain
    • Waddell G, Somerville D, Henderson I, Newton M. Objective clinical evaluation of physical impairment in chronic low back pain. Spine 1992;17:617-628.
    • (1992) Spine , vol.17 , pp. 617-628
    • Waddell, G.1    Somerville, D.2    Henderson, I.3    Newton, M.4
  • 71
    • 0015536491 scopus 로고
    • Psychological demographic and orthopaedic factors associated with prediction of outcome of spinal fusion
    • Wing PC, Wilfling FJ, Kokan PJ. Psychological demographic and orthopaedic factors associated with prediction of outcome of spinal fusion. Clin Orthop 1973;90:153-160.
    • (1973) Clin Orthop , vol.90 , pp. 153-160
    • Wing, P.C.1    Wilfling, F.J.2    Kokan, P.J.3
  • 72
    • 0026455144 scopus 로고
    • A comparative contrast of clin- imetric and psychometric methods for constructing indexes and rating scales
    • Wright JG, Feinstein AR. A comparative contrast of clin- imetric and psychometric methods for constructing indexes and rating scales. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:1201-1218.
    • (1992) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.45 , pp. 1201-1218
    • Wright, J.G.1    Feinstein, A.R.2
  • 73
    • 0013825623 scopus 로고
    • A self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic
    • Zung WWK. A self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;13:508-515.
    • (1965) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 508-515
    • Zung, W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.