메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 1, 1995, Pages 5-14

Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the west

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MORBIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0028898609     PISSN: 02728087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1007259     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (485)

References (151)
  • 1
    • 0027068086 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States
    • Alter MJ, Margolis HS, Krawczynski K, et al: The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med 327:1899-1905, 1992.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1899-1905
    • Alter, M.J.1    Margolis, H.S.2    Krawczynski, K.3
  • 2
    • 0026620578 scopus 로고
    • Increased detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected blood donors by a multiple-antigen HCV enzyme immunoassay
    • Kleinman S, Alter H, Busch M, et al: Increased detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected blood donors by a multiple-antigen HCV enzyme immunoassay. Transfusion 32:805-813, 1992.
    • (1992) Transfusion , vol.32 , pp. 805-813
    • Kleinman, S.1    Alter, H.2    Busch, M.3
  • 3
    • 0025648208 scopus 로고
    • Specificity of anti-HCV ELISA assessed by reactivity to three immunodominant HCV regions
    • Mimms L, Vallari D, Ducharme L, et al: Specificity of anti-HCV ELISA assessed by reactivity to three immunodominant HCV regions. Lancet 336:1590-1591, 1990.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 1590-1591
    • Mimms, L.1    Vallari, D.2    Ducharme, L.3
  • 4
    • 0026427726 scopus 로고
    • Public Health Service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C
    • Centers for Disease Control: Public Health Service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. MMWR 40(RR-4): 1-17, 1991.
    • (1991) MMWR , vol.40 , Issue.RR-4 , pp. 1-17
  • 5
    • 0027264947 scopus 로고
    • Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus by second-generation enzyme immunoassay
    • Chaudhary R, Bact D, Maclean C: Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus by second-generation enzyme immunoassay. Am J Clin Pathol 99:702-704, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.99 , pp. 702-704
    • Chaudhary, R.1    Bact, D.2    Maclean, C.3
  • 6
    • 0026767028 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age
    • Puro V, Girardi E, Ippolito G, et al: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 99:598-600, 1992.
    • (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.99 , pp. 598-600
    • Puro, V.1    Girardi, E.2    Ippolito, G.3
  • 7
    • 0027756950 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in asymptomatic anti-HIV1 negative pregnant women and their children
    • Marcellin P, Bernuau J, Martinot-Peignoux M, et al: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in asymptomatic anti-HIV1 negative pregnant women and their children. Dig Dis Sci 38:2151-2155, 1993.
    • (1993) Dig Dis Sci , vol.38 , pp. 2151-2155
    • Marcellin, P.1    Bernuau, J.2    Martinot-Peignoux, M.3
  • 8
    • 0027223536 scopus 로고
    • Lack of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative women: A prospective study with hepatitis C virus RNA testing
    • Roudot-Thoraval F, Pawlotsky J-M, Thiers V, et al: Lack of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative women: A prospective study with hepatitis C virus RNA testing. Hepatology 17:722-777, 1993.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 722-777
    • Roudot-Thoraval, F.1    Pawlotsky, J.-M.2    Thiers, V.3
  • 9
    • 0025107267 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in a study of transfusion-associated hepatitis
    • Esteban JI, Gonzalez A, Hernandez JM, et al: Evaluation of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in a study of transfusion-associated hepatitis. N Engl J Med 323:1107-1112, 1990.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.323 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Esteban, J.I.1    Gonzalez, A.2    Hernandez, J.M.3
  • 10
    • 0002619532 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the role of hepatitis C virus in transfusion-associated hepatitis
    • Hollinger FB, Lemon SM, Margolis HS (Eds): Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins
    • Alter HJ, Jett BW, Polito AJ, et al: Analysis of the role of hepatitis C virus in transfusion-associated hepatitis. In: Hollinger FB, Lemon SM, Margolis HS (Eds): Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1991, pp. 396-402.
    • (1991) Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease , pp. 396-402
    • Alter, H.J.1    Jett, B.W.2    Polito, A.J.3
  • 11
    • 0002656574 scopus 로고
    • Post-transfusion hepatitis in the United States
    • Nishioka K, Suzuki H, Mishiro S, Oda T (Eds): Tokyo, Springer-Verlag
    • Alter HJ: Post-transfusion hepatitis in the United States. In: Nishioka K, Suzuki H, Mishiro S, Oda T (Eds): Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Tokyo, Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp. 551-553.
    • (1994) Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease , pp. 551-553
    • Alter, H.J.1
  • 12
    • 0026093808 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in post-transfusion hepatitis. An analysis with firstand second-generation assays
    • Aach RD, Stevens CE, Hollinger FB, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection in post-transfusion hepatitis. An analysis with firstand second-generation assays. N Engl J Med 325:1325-1329, 1991.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1325-1329
    • Aach, R.D.1    Stevens, C.E.2    Hollinger, F.B.3
  • 13
    • 0027480902 scopus 로고
    • Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis: Comparing C and non-C hepatitis
    • Koretz RL, Brezina M, Polito AJ, et al: Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis: Comparing C and non-C hepatitis. Hepatology 17:361-365, 1993.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 361-365
    • Koretz, R.L.1    Brezina, M.2    Polito, A.J.3
  • 15
    • 0026006567 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis after screening blood donors for antibodies for hepatitis C virus and surrogate markers
    • Berrera JM, Brugera M, Guadalupe E, et al: Incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis after screening blood donors for antibodies for hepatitis C virus and surrogate markers. Ann Intern Med 115:596-600, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 596-600
    • Berrera, J.M.1    Brugera, M.2    Guadalupe, E.3
  • 16
    • 0025994329 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in an area of northern Italy
    • Elia GF, Magnani G, Belli L, et al: Incidence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in an area of northern Italy. Infection 19:336-339, 1991.
    • (1991) Infection , vol.19 , pp. 336-339
    • Elia, G.F.1    Magnani, G.2    Belli, L.3
  • 17
    • 0025945878 scopus 로고
    • Seroconversion to hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with acute posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in Sweden
    • Mattsson L, Grillner L, von Sydow M, et al: Seroconversion to hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with acute posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in Sweden. Infection 19:309-312, 1991.
    • (1991) Infection , vol.19 , pp. 309-312
    • Mattsson, L.1    Grillner, L.2    Von Sydow, M.3
  • 18
    • 0347566768 scopus 로고
    • Post-transfusional hepatitis in the city of Campinas SP, Brazil. I. Incidence, etiological agents and clinico-epidemiological aspects of hepatitis C
    • Goncales FL, Jr, Pedro R de J, Da Silva LJ, et al: Post-transfusional hepatitis in the city of Campinas SP, Brazil. I. Incidence, etiological agents and clinico-epidemiological aspects of hepatitis C. Revista do Institute de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 35:53-62, 1993.
    • (1993) Revista do Institute de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo , vol.35 , pp. 53-62
    • Goncales Jr., F.L.1    Pedro, R.D.J.2    Da Silva, L.J.3
  • 19
    • 0027383516 scopus 로고
    • Impact of screening donor blood for alanine aminotransferase and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen on the risk of hepatitis C virus transmission
    • Jullien AM, Courouce AM, Massari V, et al: Impact of screening donor blood for alanine aminotransferase and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen on the risk of hepatitis C virus transmission. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 12:668-672, 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.12 , pp. 668-672
    • Jullien, A.M.1    Courouce, A.M.2    Massari, V.3
  • 20
    • 0026747914 scopus 로고
    • The declining risk of post-transfusion hepatitis C virus infection
    • Donahue JG, Munoz A, Ness PM, et al: The declining risk of post-transfusion hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 327:369-373, 1992.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 369-373
    • Donahue, J.G.1    Munoz, A.2    Ness, P.M.3
  • 22
    • 0025107484 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection
    • Alter MJ, Hadler SC, Judson FN, et al: Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection. JAMA 264:2231-2235, 1990.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.264 , pp. 2231-2235
    • Alter, M.J.1    Hadler, S.C.2    Judson, F.N.3
  • 23
    • 0026057911 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in community-acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis
    • Bortolotti F, Tagger A, Cadrobbi P, et al: Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in community-acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. J Hepatol 12:176-180, 1991.
    • (1991) J Hepatol , vol.12 , pp. 176-180
    • Bortolotti, F.1    Tagger, A.2    Cadrobbi, P.3
  • 24
    • 0026499877 scopus 로고
    • Role of hepatitis C virus in acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Greece: A 5-year prospective study
    • Tassopoulos NC, Hatzakis A, Delladetsima I, et al: Role of hepatitis C virus in acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Greece: A 5-year prospective study. Gastroenterology 102:969-972, 1992.
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.102 , pp. 969-972
    • Tassopoulos, N.C.1    Hatzakis, A.2    Delladetsima, I.3
  • 25
    • 0025743643 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, from different epidemiological categories
    • Rodriguez M, Riestra S, San Roman F, et al: Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, from different epidemiological categories. Liver 11:129-133, 1991.
    • (1991) Liver , vol.11 , pp. 129-133
    • Rodriguez, M.1    Riestra, S.2    San Roman, F.3
  • 26
    • 0024991104 scopus 로고
    • Early appearance of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in community acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis is associated with progression to chronic liver disease
    • Krogsgaard K, Wantzin P, Mathiesen LR, et al: Early appearance of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in community acquired acute non-A, non-B hepatitis is associated with progression to chronic liver disease. Scand J Infect Dis 22:399-402, 1990.
    • (1990) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 399-402
    • Krogsgaard, K.1    Wantzin, P.2    Mathiesen, L.R.3
  • 27
    • 0026410466 scopus 로고
    • Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in a hospital population in Warsaw, Poland: Clinical and epidemiological aspects
    • Laskus T, Lupa E, Cianciara J, Slusarczyk J: Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in a hospital population in Warsaw, Poland: Clinical and epidemiological aspects. Am J Gastroenterol 86:565-569, 1991.
    • (1991) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.86 , pp. 565-569
    • Laskus, T.1    Lupa, E.2    Cianciara, J.3    Slusarczyk, J.4
  • 28
    • 0027434175 scopus 로고
    • The detection, transmission, and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection
    • Alter MJ: The detection, transmission, and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Infect Agents Dis 2:155-166, 1993.
    • (1993) Infect Agents Dis , vol.2 , pp. 155-166
    • Alter, M.J.1
  • 29
    • 0024333680 scopus 로고
    • Importance of heterosexual activity in the transmission of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis
    • Alter MJ, Coleman PJ, Alexander WJ, et al: Importance of heterosexual activity in the transmission of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis. JAMA 262:1201-1205, 1989.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 1201-1205
    • Alter, M.J.1    Coleman, P.J.2    Alexander, W.J.3
  • 30
    • 0027284481 scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study on the incidence and transmission patterns of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among drug users in Amsterdam
    • Van Ameijden EJC, Van den Hoek JAR, Mientjes GHC, Coutinho RA: A longitudinal study on the incidence and transmission patterns of HIV, HBV and HCV infection among drug users in Amsterdam. Eur J Epidemiol 9:255-262, 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.9 , pp. 255-262
    • Van Ameijden, E.J.C.1    Van Den Hoek, J.A.R.2    Mientjes, G.H.C.3    Coutinho, R.A.4
  • 31
    • 0027382193 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among male prison inmates in Maryland
    • Vlahov D, Nelson KE, Quinn TC, Kendig N: Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among male prison inmates in Maryland. Eur J Epidemiol 9:566-569, 1993.
    • (1993) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.9 , pp. 566-569
    • Vlahov, D.1    Nelson, K.E.2    Quinn, T.C.3    Kendig, N.4
  • 32
    • 0027521279 scopus 로고
    • Multicenter study of hepatitis C virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients and staff
    • Niu MT, Coleman PJ, Alter MJ: Multicenter study of hepatitis C virus infection in chronic hemodialysis patients and staff. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 22:568-573, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Kidney Dis 1993 , vol.22 , pp. 568-573
    • Niu, M.T.1    Coleman, P.J.2    Alter, M.J.3
  • 33
    • 0027496204 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C seroconversion in hemodialysis: A prospective study
    • Jadoul M, Cornu C, Van Ypersele de Strihou C, UCL Collaborative Group: Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C seroconversion in hemodialysis: A prospective study. Kidney Int 44:1322-1326, 1993.
    • (1993) Kidney Int , vol.44 , pp. 1322-1326
    • Jadoul, M.1    Cornu, C.2    Van Ypersele De Strihou, C.3
  • 35
    • 0026756192 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus RNA in organ donors positive for hepatitis C antibody and in the recipients of their organs
    • Pereira BJG, Milford EL, Kirkman RL, et al: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus RNA in organ donors positive for hepatitis C antibody and in the recipients of their organs. N Engl J Med 327:910-915, 1992.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 910-915
    • Pereira, B.J.G.1    Milford, E.L.2    Kirkman, R.L.3
  • 36
    • 0026753442 scopus 로고
    • Detection of hepatitis C virus infection among cadaver organ donors: Evidence for low transmission of disease
    • Roth D, Fernandez JA, Babischkin S, et al: Detection of hepatitis C virus infection among cadaver organ donors: Evidence for low transmission of disease. Ann Intern Med 117:470-475, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 470-475
    • Roth, D.1    Fernandez, J.A.2    Babischkin, S.3
  • 37
    • 0024327692 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain
    • Esteban JI, Esteban R, Viladomiu L, et al: Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. Lancet 2:294-296, 1989.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 294-296
    • Esteban, J.I.1    Esteban, R.2    Viladomiu, L.3
  • 38
    • 0025058872 scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in multitransfused haemophilacs with normal transaminase levels
    • Rumi MG, Colombo M, Gringeri A, Mannucci PM: High prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in multitransfused haemophilacs with normal transaminase levels. Ann Intern Med 112:379-380, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 379-380
    • Rumi, M.G.1    Colombo, M.2    Gringeri, A.3    Mannucci, P.M.4
  • 39
    • 0027387023 scopus 로고
    • A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population
    • Troisi CL, Hollinger FB, Hoots WK, et al: A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population. Blood 81:412-418, 1993.
    • (1993) Blood , vol.81 , pp. 412-418
    • Troisi, C.L.1    Hollinger, F.B.2    Hoots, W.K.3
  • 40
    • 0027531571 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in Greece and its role in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Hadziyannis SJ, Giannoulis G, Hadziyannis E, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection in Greece and its role in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatology 17(suppl. 3):S72-S77, 1993.
    • (1993) J Hepatology , vol.17 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Hadziyannis, S.J.1    Giannoulis, G.2    Hadziyannis, E.3
  • 41
    • 0026696905 scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of hepatitis C antibody in Peru
    • Hyams KC, Phillips IA, Moran AY, et al: Seroprevalence of hepatitis C antibody in Peru. J Med Virol 37:127-131, 1992.
    • (1992) J Med Virol , vol.37 , pp. 127-131
    • Hyams, K.C.1    Phillips, I.A.2    Moran, A.Y.3
  • 42
    • 0024998652 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in Norwegians with congenital coagulation factor defects treated with plasma products from small pools
    • Rollag H, Evesen SA, Froland SS, Glomstein A: Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in Norwegians with congenital coagulation factor defects treated with plasma products from small pools. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 9:612-614, 1990.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.9 , pp. 612-614
    • Rollag, H.1    Evesen, S.A.2    Froland, S.S.3    Glomstein, A.4
  • 43
    • 0026348397 scopus 로고
    • Antibody to hepatitis C virus among cardiac surgery patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
    • Donahue JG, Nelson KE, Munoz A, et al: Antibody to hepatitis C virus among cardiac surgery patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Am J Epidemiol 134:1206-1211, 1991.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.134 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Donahue, J.G.1    Nelson, K.E.2    Munoz, A.3
  • 44
    • 0026566091 scopus 로고
    • Seroepidemiology of viral infections among intravenous drug users in northern California
    • Zeldis JB, Jain S, Kuramoto IK, et al: Seroepidemiology of viral infections among intravenous drug users in northern California. West J Med 156:30-35, 1992.
    • (1992) West J Med , vol.156 , pp. 30-35
    • Zeldis, J.B.1    Jain, S.2    Kuramoto, I.K.3
  • 45
    • 0025027379 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection among drug users in Amsterdam
    • Van den Hoek JAR, Van Haastrecht HJA, Goudsmit J, et al: Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection among drug users in Amsterdam. J Infect Dis 160:823-826, 1990.
    • (1990) J Infect Dis , vol.160 , pp. 823-826
    • Van Den Hoek, J.A.R.1    Van Haastrecht, H.J.A.2    Goudsmit, J.3
  • 46
    • 0019948091 scopus 로고
    • Sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis: Frequency and epidemiology in an urban United States population
    • Alter MJ, Gerety RJ, Smallwood L, et al: Sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis: Frequency and epidemiology in an urban United States population. J Infect Dis 145:886-893, 1982.
    • (1982) J Infect Dis , vol.145 , pp. 886-893
    • Alter, M.J.1    Gerety, R.J.2    Smallwood, L.3
  • 47
    • 0027321502 scopus 로고
    • Viral hepatitis in health care personnel at the Johns Hopkins Hospital
    • Thomas DL, Factor SH, Kelen GD, et al: Viral hepatitis in health care personnel at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Arch Intern Med 153:1705-1712, 1993.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 1705-1712
    • Thomas, D.L.1    Factor, S.H.2    Kelen, G.D.3
  • 48
    • 0027249169 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among health care personnel in a community hospital
    • Polish LB, Tong MJ, Co RL, et al: Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among health care personnel in a community hospital. Am J Infect Control 21:196-200, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Infect Control , vol.21 , pp. 196-200
    • Polish, L.B.1    Tong, M.J.2    Co, R.L.3
  • 49
    • 0026811956 scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in high-risk hospital personnel
    • Cooper BW, Krusell A, Tilton RC, et al: Seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in high-risk hospital personnel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 13:82-85, 1992.
    • (1992) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.13 , pp. 82-85
    • Cooper, B.W.1    Krusell, A.2    Tilton, R.C.3
  • 51
    • 0027987767 scopus 로고
    • The occupational risk of hepatitis C infection among hospital employees
    • Germanaud J, Barthez JP, Causse X: The occupational risk of hepatitis C infection among hospital employees. Am J Pub Health 84:122, 1994.
    • (1994) Am J Pub Health , vol.84 , pp. 122
    • Germanaud, J.1    Barthez, J.P.2    Causse, X.3
  • 52
    • 0026649344 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of HCV antibodies in health-care workers from northern Italy
    • Campello C, Majori S, Poli A, et al: Prevalence of HCV antibodies in health-care workers from northern Italy. Infection 20:224-226, 1992.
    • (1992) Infection , vol.20 , pp. 224-226
    • Campello, C.1    Majori, S.2    Poli, A.3
  • 53
    • 0027254126 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in a South African area endemic for hepatitis B virus
    • 3. Soni PN, Tait DR, Kenoyer DG, et al: Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in a South African area endemic for hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 40:65-68, 1993.
    • (1993) J Med Virol , vol.40 , pp. 65-68
    • Soni, P.N.1    Tait, D.R.2    Kenoyer, D.G.3
  • 54
    • 0026345239 scopus 로고
    • Occupational risk for hepatitis C virus infection among New York City dentists
    • Klein RS, Freeman K, Taylor PE, Stevens CE: Occupational risk for hepatitis C virus infection among New York City dentists. Lancet 338:1539-1542, 1991.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1539-1542
    • Klein, R.S.1    Freeman, K.2    Taylor, P.E.3    Stevens, C.E.4
  • 55
    • 0025745481 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C from a needlestick injury
    • Seeff LB: Hepatitis C from a needlestick injury. Ann Intern Med 115:411, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 411
    • Seeff, L.B.1
  • 56
    • 0026603379 scopus 로고
    • HCV infection after accidental needlestick injury in health-care workers
    • Marranconi F, Mecenero v, Pellizzer GP, et al: HCV infection after accidental needlestick injury in health-care workers. Infection 20:111, 1992.
    • (1992) Infection , vol.20 , pp. 111
    • Marranconi, F.1    Mecenero, V.2    Pellizzer, G.P.3
  • 57
    • 0025797281 scopus 로고
    • Detection of HCV RNA and antibodies to HCV after needlestick injury
    • Cariani E, Zonaro A, Primi D, et al: Detection of HCV RNA and antibodies to HCV after needlestick injury. Lancet 337:850, 1991.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 850
    • Cariani, E.1    Zonaro, A.2    Primi, D.3
  • 58
    • 0025667784 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from a haemodialysis patient to a medical staff member
    • Schlipkoter U, Roggendorf M, Cholmakow K, et al: Transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from a haemodialysis patient to a medical staff member. Scand J Infect Dis 22:757-758, 1990.
    • (1990) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.22 , pp. 757-758
    • Schlipkoter, U.1    Roggendorf, M.2    Cholmakow, K.3
  • 59
    • 0027276337 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C via blood splash into conjunctiva
    • Sartori M, La Terra G, Aglietta M, et al: Transmission of hepatitis C via blood splash into conjunctiva. Scand J Infect Dis 25:270-271, 1993.
    • (1993) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 270-271
    • Sartori, M.1    La Terra, G.2    Aglietta, M.3
  • 60
    • 0026715048 scopus 로고
    • Low prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hospital employees
    • Francavilla E, Rinaldi R, Cattelan AM, et al: Low prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hospital employees. Infection 20:295, 1992.
    • (1992) Infection , vol.20 , pp. 295
    • Francavilla, E.1    Rinaldi, R.2    Cattelan, A.M.3
  • 61
    • 0028709477 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in health care workers: Risk of exposure and infection
    • Lanphear BP, Linnemann CC, Cannon CG, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection in health care workers: Risk of exposure and infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 15:745-750, 1994.
    • (1994) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.15 , pp. 745-750
    • Lanphear, B.P.1    Linnemann, C.C.2    Cannon, C.G.3
  • 62
    • 0026576756 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of blood-borne infective agents among people admitted to a Canadian hospital
    • Louie M, Low DE, Feinman SV, et al: Prevalence of blood-borne infective agents among people admitted to a Canadian hospital. Can Med Assoc J 146:1331-1334, 1992.
    • (1992) Can Med Assoc J , vol.146 , pp. 1331-1334
    • Louie, M.1    Low, D.E.2    Feinman, S.V.3
  • 63
    • 0026522805 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in emergency department patients
    • Kelen GD, Green GB, Purcell RH, et al: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in emergency department patients. N Engl J Med 326:1399-1404, 1992.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1399-1404
    • Kelen, G.D.1    Green, G.B.2    Purcell, R.H.3
  • 65
    • 0027330947 scopus 로고
    • A survey of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Ethiopia
    • Frommel D, Tekle-Haimanot R, Berhe N, et al: A survey of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 49:435-439, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.49 , pp. 435-439
    • Frommel, D.1    Tekle-Haimanot, R.2    Berhe, N.3
  • 66
    • 0027425297 scopus 로고
    • Important role of hepatitis C virus infection as a cause of chronic liver disease in Somalia
    • Bile K, Aden C, Norder H, et al: Important role of hepatitis C virus infection as a cause of chronic liver disease in Somalia. Scand J Infect Dis 25:559-564, 1993.
    • (1993) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.25 , pp. 559-564
    • Bile, K.1    Aden, C.2    Norder, H.3
  • 68
    • 0025675929 scopus 로고
    • Low prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in north east England
    • Brind AM, Codd AA, Cohen BJ, et al: Low prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in north east England. J Med Virol 32:243-248, 1990.
    • (1990) J Med Virol , vol.32 , pp. 243-248
    • Brind, A.M.1    Codd, A.A.2    Cohen, B.J.3
  • 69
    • 0027174111 scopus 로고
    • Lower prevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibody in dialysis and renal transplant patients in Ireland
    • Conlon PJ, Walshe JJ, Smyth EG, et al: Lower prevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibody in dialysis and renal transplant patients in Ireland. Irish J Med Sci 162:145-147, 1993.
    • (1993) Irish J Med Sci , vol.162 , pp. 145-147
    • Conlon, P.J.1    Walshe, J.J.2    Smyth, E.G.3
  • 70
    • 0027428653 scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in dialysis patients: Failure of commercially available antibody tests to identify a significant number of patients with HCV infection
    • Bukh J, Wantzin P, Krogsgaard K, et al: High prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in dialysis patients: Failure of commercially available antibody tests to identify a significant number of patients with HCV infection. J Infect Dis 168:1343-1348, 1993.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.168 , pp. 1343-1348
    • Bukh, J.1    Wantzin, P.2    Krogsgaard, K.3
  • 71
    • 0027177370 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C antibodies in dialysis patients and patients with leukaemia
    • Kolho E, Oksanen K, Honkanen E, et al: Hepatitis C antibodies in dialysis patients and patients with leukaemia. J Med Virol 40:318-321, 1993.
    • (1993) J Med Virol , vol.40 , pp. 318-321
    • Kolho, E.1    Oksanen, K.2    Honkanen, E.3
  • 72
    • 0027177369 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in Southern Sweden: Epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects
    • Nordenfelt E, Lofgren B, Widell A, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in Southern Sweden: Epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects. J Med Virol 40:266-270, 1993.
    • (1993) J Med Virol , vol.40 , pp. 266-270
    • Nordenfelt, E.1    Lofgren, B.2    Widell, A.3
  • 73
    • 0027324239 scopus 로고
    • Seroconversion to hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients: A retrospective and prospective study
    • Medin C, Allander T, Roll M, et al: Seroconversion to hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients: A retrospective and prospective study. Nephron 65:40-45, 1993.
    • (1993) Nephron , vol.65 , pp. 40-45
    • Medin, C.1    Allander, T.2    Roll, M.3
  • 74
    • 0025899111 scopus 로고
    • Antibody responses to hepatitis C virus and its modes of transmission in dialysis patients
    • Almroth G, Ekermo B, Franzen L, Hed J: Antibody responses to hepatitis C virus and its modes of transmission in dialysis patients. Nephron 59:232-235, 1991.
    • (1991) Nephron , vol.59 , pp. 232-235
    • Almroth, G.1    Ekermo, B.2    Franzen, L.3    Hed, J.4
  • 75
    • 0026752573 scopus 로고
    • Antibody to hepatitis C virus increases with time on hemodialysis
    • Hardy NM, Sandroni S, Danielson S, Wilson WJ: Antibody to hepatitis C virus increases with time on hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol 38:44-48, 1992.
    • (1992) Clin Nephrol , vol.38 , pp. 44-48
    • Hardy, N.M.1    Sandroni, S.2    Danielson, S.3    Wilson, W.J.4
  • 76
    • 0025339409 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among hemodialysis patients
    • Zeldis JB, Depner TA, Kuramoto IK, et al: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among hemodialysis patients. Ann Intern Med 112:958-960, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 958-960
    • Zeldis, J.B.1    Depner, T.A.2    Kuramoto, I.K.3
  • 77
    • 0025005909 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C infection in two urban hemodialysis units
    • Jeffers LJ, Ferez GO, DeMedina MD, et al: Hepatitis C infection in two urban hemodialysis units. Kidney Int 38:320-322, 1990.
    • (1990) Kidney Int , vol.38 , pp. 320-322
    • Jeffers, L.J.1    Ferez, G.O.2    DeMedina, M.D.3
  • 78
    • 0027401624 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C in the health care setting. Seroprevalence among hemodialysis staff and patients in suburban New York City
    • Forseter G, Wormser GP, Adler S, et al: Hepatitis C in the health care setting. Seroprevalence among hemodialysis staff and patients in suburban New York City. AJIC 21:5-8, 1993.
    • (1993) AJIC , vol.21 , pp. 5-8
    • Forseter, G.1    Wormser, G.P.2    Adler, S.3
  • 79
    • 0025833266 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients
    • Kallinowski B, Theilmann L, Gmelin K, et al: Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients. Nephron 59:236-238, 1991.
    • (1991) Nephron , vol.59 , pp. 236-238
    • Kallinowski, B.1    Theilmann, L.2    Gmelin, K.3
  • 80
    • 0025350596 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus antibodies in haemodialysis patients
    • Schlipkoter U, Roggendorf M, Ernst G, et al: Hepatitis C virus antibodies in haemodialysis patients (letter). Lancet 335:1409, 1990.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 1409
    • Schlipkoter, U.1    Roggendorf, M.2    Ernst, G.3
  • 81
    • 0027369116 scopus 로고
    • Detection of hepatitis C infection by polymerase chain reaction among hemodialysis patients
    • Dussol B, Chicheportiche C, Cantaloube JF, et al: Detection of hepatitis C infection by polymerase chain reaction among hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 22:574-580, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.22 , pp. 574-580
    • Dussol, B.1    Chicheportiche, C.2    Cantaloube, J.F.3
  • 82
    • 0026560172 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (HCV) in a dialysis population at one center
    • Selgas R, Martinez-Zapico R, Bajo MA, et al: Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (HCV) in a dialysis population at one center. Perit Dial Int 12:28-30, 1992.
    • (1992) Perit Dial Int , vol.12 , pp. 28-30
    • Selgas, R.1    Martinez-Zapico, R.2    Bajo, M.A.3
  • 83
    • 0027293474 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among dialysis patients
    • Petrosillo N, Puro V, Ippolito G, The Italian Multicentric Study on Nosocomial and Occupational Risk of Blood-Borne Infections in Dialysis: Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among dialysis patients. Nephorn 64:636-639, 1993.
    • (1993) Nephorn , vol.64 , pp. 636-639
    • Petrosillo, N.1    Puro, V.2    Ippolito, G.3
  • 84
    • 85047699557 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and transaminase concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: A study with second-generation assays
    • Fabrizi F, Raffaele L, Bacchini G, et al: Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and transaminase concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: A study with second-generation assays. Nephrol Dial Transplant 8:744-747, 1993.
    • (1993) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.8 , pp. 744-747
    • Fabrizi, F.1    Raffaele, L.2    Bacchini, G.3
  • 85
    • 0027445735 scopus 로고
    • Anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies and hepatitis C virus viraemia in haemodialysis patients
    • Picciotto A, Varagona G, Gurreri G, et al: Anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies and hepatitis C virus viraemia in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 8:1115-1117, 1993.
    • (1993) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.8 , pp. 1115-1117
    • Picciotto, A.1    Varagona, G.2    Gurreri, G.3
  • 86
    • 0026660789 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Croatian blood donors and polytransfused patients
    • Mihaljevic I, Feldbauer J, Delajlija M, Grgicevic D: Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Croatian blood donors and polytransfused patients. Vox Sang 63:236, 1992.
    • (1992) Vox Sang , vol.63 , pp. 236
    • Mihaljevic, I.1    Feldbauer, J.2    Delajlija, M.3    Grgicevic, D.4
  • 87
    • 0026554328 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for dialysis-associated hepatitis C in Venezuela
    • Muller GY, Zabaleta ME, Armino A, et al: Risk factors for dialysis-associated hepatitis C in Venezuela. Kidney Internat 41:1055-1058, 1992.
    • (1992) Kidney Internat , vol.41 , pp. 1055-1058
    • Muller, G.Y.1    Zabaleta, M.E.2    Armino, A.3
  • 88
    • 0025340521 scopus 로고
    • Antibody to hepatitis C virus in Hungary
    • Par A: Antibody to hepatitis C virus in Hungary. Lancet 336:123, 1990.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 123
    • Par, A.1
  • 89
    • 85047698711 scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in three haemodialysis centres in south-western Poland
    • Hruby Z, Sliwinski J, Molin I, et al: High prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in three haemodialysis centres in south-western Poland. Nephrol Dial Transplant 8:740-743, 1993.
    • (1993) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.8 , pp. 740-743
    • Hruby, Z.1    Sliwinski, J.2    Molin, I.3
  • 90
    • 0026182860 scopus 로고
    • HCV Seroprevalence in dialysis patients, their relatives and medical staff
    • Capsa D, Cernescu S, Constantinescu SN, Cernescu C: HCV Seroprevalence in dialysis patients, their relatives and medical staff. Rev Roum Virol 42:171-175, 1991.
    • (1991) Rev Roum Virol , vol.42 , pp. 171-175
    • Capsa, D.1    Cernescu, S.2    Constantinescu, S.N.3    Cernescu, C.4
  • 91
    • 0026520164 scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of hemodialysis-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis and correlation with antibody to hepatitis C virus
    • Niu MT, Alter MJ, Kristensen C, Margolis HS: Outbreak of hemodialysis-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis and correlation with antibody to hepatitis C virus. Am J Kidney Dis 4:345-352, 1992.
    • (1992) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.4 , pp. 345-352
    • Niu, M.T.1    Alter, M.J.2    Kristensen, C.3    Margolis, H.S.4
  • 92
    • 0025326410 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis associated with the infusion of a commercial factor IX complex during cardiovascular surgery
    • Gerber AR, Englender SJ, Selvey D, et al: An outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis associated with the infusion of a commercial factor IX complex during cardiovascular surgery. Vox Sang 58:270-275, 1990.
    • (1990) Vox Sang , vol.58 , pp. 270-275
    • Gerber, A.R.1    Englender, S.J.2    Selvey, D.3
  • 93
    • 0018775557 scopus 로고
    • Non-A, non-B hepatitis among participants in a plasmapheresis stimulation program
    • Guyer B, Bradley DW, Bryan JA, Maynard JE: Non-A, non-B hepatitis among participants in a plasmapheresis stimulation program. J Infect Dis 139:634-640, 1979.
    • (1979) J Infect Dis , vol.139 , pp. 634-640
    • Guyer, B.1    Bradley, D.W.2    Bryan, J.A.3    Maynard, J.E.4
  • 95
    • 9344231156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among patients attending Baltimore sexually transmitted diseases clinics - An analysis of 309 sexual partnerships
    • in press
    • Thomas DL, Zenilman JM, Alter HJ, et al: Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among patients attending Baltimore sexually transmitted diseases clinics - An analysis of 309 sexual partnerships. J Infect Dis, in press.
    • J Infect Dis
    • Thomas, D.L.1    Zenilman, J.M.2    Alter, H.J.3
  • 96
    • 0027395848 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of risk factors for hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual men
    • Osmond DH, Charlebois E, Sheppard HW, et al: Comparison of risk factors for hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in homosexual men. J Infect Dis 167:66-71, 1993.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.167 , pp. 66-71
    • Osmond, D.H.1    Charlebois, E.2    Sheppard, H.W.3
  • 97
    • 0028113215 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in sexually active homosexual men
    • Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection in sexually active homosexual men. J Infect 29:263-269, 1994.
    • (1994) J Infect , vol.29 , pp. 263-269
    • Buchbinder, S.P.1    Katz, M.H.2    Hessol, N.A.3
  • 98
    • 0026317541 scopus 로고
    • Heterosexual and homosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus: Relation with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I
    • Corona R, Prignano G, Mele A, et al: Heterosexual and homosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus: Relation with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I. Epidemiol Infect 107:667-672, 1991.
    • (1991) Epidemiol Infect , vol.107 , pp. 667-672
    • Corona, R.1    Prignano, G.2    Mele, A.3
  • 99
    • 0028153822 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-1-infected patients (Nice SEROCO cohort)
    • Quaranta JF, Delaney SR, Alleman S, et al: Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-1-infected patients (Nice SEROCO cohort). J Med Virol 42:29-32, 1994.
    • (1994) J Med Virol , vol.42 , pp. 29-32
    • Quaranta, J.F.1    Delaney, S.R.2    Alleman, S.3
  • 100
    • 0025718485 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in homosexual men: A seroepidemiological study in gay clubs in north-east Italy
    • Gasparini V, Chiaramonte M, Moschen ME, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection in homosexual men: A seroepidemiological study in gay clubs in north-east Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 7:665-669, 1991.
    • (1991) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.7 , pp. 665-669
    • Gasparini, V.1    Chiaramonte, M.2    Moschen, M.E.3
  • 101
    • 0025638842 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection in individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Sonnerborg A, Abebe A, Strannegard O: Hepatitis C virus infection in individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Infection 18:347-351, 1990.
    • (1990) Infection , vol.18 , pp. 347-351
    • Sonnerborg, A.1    Abebe, A.2    Strannegard, O.3
  • 102
    • 0027402265 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus antibodies in homosexual men and intravenous drug users in Denmark
    • Westh H, Worm AM, Jensen BL, et al: Hepatitis C virus antibodies in homosexual men and intravenous drug users in Denmark. Infection 21:115-117, 1993.
    • (1993) Infection , vol.21 , pp. 115-117
    • Westh, H.1    Worm, A.M.2    Jensen, B.L.3
  • 103
    • 0027498436 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection among patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases
    • Weinstock HS, Bolan G, Reingold AL, Polish LB: Hepatitis C virus infection among patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. JAMA 269:392-394, 1993.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 392-394
    • Weinstock, H.S.1    Bolan, G.2    Reingold, A.L.3    Polish, L.B.4
  • 104
    • 0027935974 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among non-intravenous drug-using patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases
    • Thomas DL, Cannon RO, Shapiro CN, et al: Hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among non-intravenous drug-using patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases. J Infect Dis 169:990-995, 1994.
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.169 , pp. 990-995
    • Thomas, D.L.1    Cannon, R.O.2    Shapiro, C.N.3
  • 105
    • 0025936708 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infections among heterosexuals with multiple partners
    • van Doornum GJJ, Hooykaas C, Cuypers MT, et al: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infections among heterosexuals with multiple partners. J Med Virol 35:22-27, 1991.
    • (1991) J Med Virol , vol.35 , pp. 22-27
    • Van Doornum, G.J.J.1    Hooykaas, C.2    Cuypers, M.T.3
  • 106
    • 0343638966 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection among prostitutes: Evidence for sexual transmission and protective efficacy of condoms
    • Strasbourg
    • Mast EE, Darrow WW, Witte J, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection among prostitutes: Evidence for sexual transmission and protective efficacy of condoms (abstract). Program and Abstracts of the Third International Symposium on HCV, Strasbourg, 1991, p. 95.
    • (1991) Program and Abstracts of the Third International Symposium on HCV , pp. 95
    • Mast, E.E.1    Darrow, W.W.2    Witte, J.3
  • 107
    • 0026521027 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antihepatitis C virus antibodies in positive FTA-ABS non-drug abusing female prostitutes in Spain
    • Gutierrez P, Orduna A, Bratos MA, et al: Prevalence of antihepatitis C virus antibodies in positive FTA-ABS non-drug abusing female prostitutes in Spain. Sex Transm Dis 19:39-40, 1992.
    • (1992) Sex Transm Dis , vol.19 , pp. 39-40
    • Gutierrez, P.1    Orduna, A.2    Bratos, M.A.3
  • 108
    • 0027333062 scopus 로고
    • Three-year incidence study of retroviral and viral hepatitis transmission in a Peruvian prostitute population
    • Hyams KC, Phillips IA, Tejada A, et al: Three-year incidence study of retroviral and viral hepatitis transmission in a Peruvian prostitute population. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 6:1353-1357, 1993.
    • (1993) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.6 , pp. 1353-1357
    • Hyams, K.C.1    Phillips, I.A.2    Tejada, A.3
  • 109
    • 0025343350 scopus 로고
    • Risk for non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis through sexual or household contact with chronic carriers
    • Everhart JE, Di Bisceglie AM, Murray LM, et al: Risk for non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis through sexual or household contact with chronic carriers. Ann Intern Med 112:544-545, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 544-545
    • Everhart, J.E.1    Di Bisceglie, A.M.2    Murray, L.M.3
  • 110
    • 0026050566 scopus 로고
    • Low prevalence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in sex partners of seropositive intravenous drug users
    • Pachucki CT, Lentino JR, Schaaff D, et al: Low prevalence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in sex partners of seropositive intravenous drug users. J Infect Dis 164:820-821, 1991.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis , vol.164 , pp. 820-821
    • Pachucki, C.T.1    Lentino, J.R.2    Schaaff, D.3
  • 111
    • 0026043177 scopus 로고
    • Heterosexual co-transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
    • Eyster ME, Alter HJ, Aledort LM, et al: Heterosexual co-transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ann Intern Med 115:764-768, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 764-768
    • Eyster, M.E.1    Alter, H.J.2    Aledort, L.M.3
  • 112
    • 0026696752 scopus 로고
    • The low risk of hepatitis C virus transmission among sexual partners of hepatitis C-infected males: An international, multicenter study
    • Brettler DB, Mannucci PM, Gringeri A, et al: The low risk of hepatitis C virus transmission among sexual partners of hepatitis C-infected males: An international, multicenter study. Blood 80:540-543, 1992.
    • (1992) Blood , vol.80 , pp. 540-543
    • Brettler, D.B.1    Mannucci, P.M.2    Gringeri, A.3
  • 113
    • 0027498435 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for hepatitis C virus seropositivity in heterosexual couples
    • Osmond DH, Padian NS, Sheppard HW, et al: Risk factors for hepatitis C virus seropositivity in heterosexual couples. JAMA 269:361-365, 1993.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 361-365
    • Osmond, D.H.1    Padian, N.S.2    Sheppard, H.W.3
  • 114
    • 0026483262 scopus 로고
    • Lack of evidence for the heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C
    • Gordon SC, Patel AH, Kulesza GW, et al: Lack of evidence for the heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 87:1849-1851, 1992.
    • (1992) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.87 , pp. 1849-1851
    • Gordon, S.C.1    Patel, A.H.2    Kulesza, G.W.3
  • 116
    • 0026525720 scopus 로고
    • Low rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission within the family
    • Deny P, Roulot D, Asselot C, et al: Low rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission within the family. J Hepatol 14:409-410, 1992.
    • (1992) J Hepatol , vol.14 , pp. 409-410
    • Deny, P.1    Roulot, D.2    Asselot, C.3
  • 117
    • 0026555529 scopus 로고
    • Anti-HCV antibodies in household contacts of patients with cirrhosis of the liver-Preliminary results
    • Mondello P, Patti S, Vitale MG, et al: Anti-HCV antibodies in household contacts of patients with cirrhosis of the liver-Preliminary results. Infection 20:51-52, 1992.
    • (1992) Infection , vol.20 , pp. 51-52
    • Mondello, P.1    Patti, S.2    Vitale, M.G.3
  • 118
    • 0025900217 scopus 로고
    • Intrafamilial spread of hepatitis C virus
    • Bellobuono A, Zanella A, Petrini G, et al: Intrafamilial spread of hepatitis C virus. Transfusion 31:475, 1991.
    • (1991) Transfusion , vol.31 , pp. 475
    • Bellobuono, A.1    Zanella, A.2    Petrini, G.3
  • 119
    • 0027519499 scopus 로고
    • Intrafamilial and sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus
    • Scaraggi FA, Lomuscio S, Perricci A, et al: Intrafamilial and sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus. Lancet 342:1300-1301, 1993.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1300-1301
    • Scaraggi, F.A.1    Lomuscio, S.2    Perricci, A.3
  • 120
    • 0027309096 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus in households of infected children
    • Camarero C, Martos I, Delgado R, et al: Horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus in households of infected children. J Pediatr 123:98-99, 1993.
    • (1993) J Pediatr , vol.123 , pp. 98-99
    • Camarero, C.1    Martos, I.2    Delgado, R.3
  • 121
    • 0026714531 scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus antibody in pregnant women
    • Bohman VR, Stettler TW, Little BB, et al: Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus antibody in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 80:609-613, 1992.
    • (1992) Obstet Gynecol , vol.80 , pp. 609-613
    • Bohman, V.R.1    Stettler, T.W.2    Little, B.B.3
  • 122
    • 0027183814 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age
    • MacLean AB, Cameron S, Follett EAC: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women of reproductive age. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 100:702-703, 1993.
    • (1993) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.100 , pp. 702-703
    • MacLean, A.B.1    Cameron, S.2    Follett, E.A.C.3
  • 123
    • 0026456671 scopus 로고
    • Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus
    • Wejstal R, Anders W, Mansson AS, et al: Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 117:887-890, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 887-890
    • Wejstal, R.1    Anders, W.2    Mansson, A.S.3
  • 124
    • 0026749317 scopus 로고
    • Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection
    • Cilia G, Perez-Trallero E, Iturriza M, et al: Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis 11:417, 1992.
    • (1992) Pediatr Infect Dis , vol.11 , pp. 417
    • Cilia, G.1    Perez-Trallero, E.2    Iturriza, M.3
  • 125
    • 0027511222 scopus 로고
    • Infrequent vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus
    • Lam JPH, McOmish F, Burns SM, et al: Infrequent vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis 167:572-576, 1993.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.167 , pp. 572-576
    • Lam, J.P.H.1    McOmish, F.2    Burns, S.M.3
  • 126
    • 0028343546 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants
    • Ohio H, Terazawa S, Sasaki N, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. N Engl J Med 330:744-750, 1994.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 744-750
    • Ohio, H.1    Terazawa, S.2    Sasaki, N.3
  • 127
    • 0027952844 scopus 로고
    • Possible role of high-titer maternal viremia in perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus
    • Lin HH, Kao JH, Hsu HY, et al: Possible role of high-titer maternal viremia in perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis 169:638-641, 1994.
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.169 , pp. 638-641
    • Lin, H.H.1    Kao, J.H.2    Hsu, H.Y.3
  • 128
    • 0027368711 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation of hepatitis C virus antibody in blood donors
    • Bow BC, Coote I, Munru H, et al: Confirmation of hepatitis C virus antibody in blood donors. J Med Virol 41:215-220, 1993.
    • (1993) J Med Virol , vol.41 , pp. 215-220
    • Bow, B.C.1    Coote, I.2    Munru, H.3
  • 129
    • 0027272055 scopus 로고
    • Also with a restrictive transfusion policy, screening with second-generation antihepatitis C virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay would have reduced posttransfusion hepatitis C after open-heart surgery
    • Mathiesen UI, Karlsson E, Foberg U, et al: Also with a restrictive transfusion policy, screening with second-generation antihepatitis C virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay would have reduced posttransfusion hepatitis C after open-heart surgery. Scand J Gastroenterol 28:581-584, 1993.
    • (1993) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.28 , pp. 581-584
    • Mathiesen, U.I.1    Karlsson, E.2    Foberg, U.3
  • 130
    • 0028058039 scopus 로고
    • Liver disease in antihepatitis C virus-positive Norwegian blood donors
    • Nordoy I, Schrumpf E, Elgjo K, et al: Liver disease in antihepatitis C virus-positive Norwegian blood donors. Scand J Gastroenterol 29:77-81, 1994.
    • (1994) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.29 , pp. 77-81
    • Nordoy, I.1    Schrumpf, E.2    Elgjo, K.3
  • 131
    • 0027243765 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in the general population and in selected groups of patients in Limoges, France
    • Ranger S, Martin P, Roussane MC, Denis F: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in the general population and in selected groups of patients in Limoges, France. Gut 34 (2 Suppl):S50-S51, 1993.
    • (1993) Gut , vol.34 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Ranger, S.1    Martin, P.2    Roussane, M.C.3    Denis, F.4
  • 132
  • 133
    • 0027133402 scopus 로고
    • Markers of hepatitis C virus infection in Sardinian blood donors: Relationship with alanine aminotransferase levels
    • Lai ME, Mazzoleni AP, Farci P, et al: Markers of hepatitis C virus infection in Sardinian blood donors: Relationship with alanine aminotransferase levels. J Med Virol 41:282-288, 1993.
    • (1993) J Med Virol , vol.41 , pp. 282-288
    • Lai, M.E.1    Mazzoleni, A.P.2    Farci, P.3
  • 134
    • 0027572956 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in populations at low and high risk for sexually transmitted diseases in Rio de Janeiro
    • Edelenyi-Pinto M, Carvalho AP, Nogueira C, et al: Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in populations at low and high risk for sexually transmitted diseases in Rio de Janeiro. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 88:305-307, 1993.
    • (1993) Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , vol.88 , pp. 305-307
    • Edelenyi-Pinto, M.1    Carvalho, A.P.2    Nogueira, C.3
  • 135
    • 0025992176 scopus 로고
    • High rate of infectivity and liver disease in blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis C virus
    • Esteban JI, Lopez-Talavera JC, Genesca J, et al: High rate of infectivity and liver disease in blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 115:443-449, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 443-449
    • Esteban, J.I.1    Lopez-Talavera, J.C.2    Genesca, J.3
  • 136
    • 0027528557 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in hepatitis C virus antibody ELISA-positive blood donors according to R1BA-2 status: A case-control survey
    • Serfaty L, Giral P, Elghouzzi MH, et al: Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in hepatitis C virus antibody ELISA-positive blood donors according to R1BA-2 status: A case-control survey. Hepatology 17:183-187, 1993.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.17 , pp. 183-187
    • Serfaty, L.1    Giral, P.2    Elghouzzi, M.H.3
  • 137
    • 0025931793 scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels in blood donors: The contribution of hepatitis C virus
    • Katkov WN, Friedman LS, Cody H, et al: Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels in blood donors: The contribution of hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 115:882-884, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 882-884
    • Katkov, W.N.1    Friedman, L.S.2    Cody, H.3
  • 138
    • 0027495387 scopus 로고
    • High level of hepatitis C endemicity in Gabon, equatorial Africa
    • Delaporte E, Thiers V, Dazza MC, et al: High level of hepatitis C endemicity in Gabon, equatorial Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 87:636-637, 1993.
    • (1993) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.87 , pp. 636-637
    • Delaporte, E.1    Thiers, V.2    Dazza, M.C.3
  • 139
    • 0027196474 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C viras infection in urban and rural Natal/KwaZulu
    • Abdool Karim SS, Tait DR: Hepatitis C viras infection in urban and rural Natal/KwaZulu. SAMJ 83:191-193, 1993.
    • (1993) SAMJ , vol.83 , pp. 191-193
    • Abdool Karim, S.S.1    Tait, D.R.2
  • 140
    • 0026425221 scopus 로고
    • Antibody to hepatitis C viras and liver disease in volunteer blood donors
    • Alberti A, Chemello L, Cavalletto D, et al: Antibody to hepatitis C viras and liver disease in volunteer blood donors. Ann Intern Med 114:1010-1012, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.114 , pp. 1010-1012
    • Alberti, A.1    Chemello, L.2    Cavalletto, D.3
  • 141
    • 0025369881 scopus 로고
    • Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in blood donations by "nested" polymerase chain reaction and prediction infectivity
    • Garson JA, Tedder RS, Briggs M, et al: Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in blood donations by "nested" polymerase chain reaction and prediction infectivity. Lancet 335:1419-1422, 1990.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 1419-1422
    • Garson, J.A.1    Tedder, R.S.2    Briggs, M.3
  • 142
    • 0025146533 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus RNA in symptomless donors implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis
    • Zanetti AR, Tanzi E, Zehender G, et al: Hepatitis C virus RNA in symptomless donors implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Lancet 336:448, 1990.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 448
    • Zanetti, A.R.1    Tanzi, E.2    Zehender, G.3
  • 143
    • 0027472018 scopus 로고
    • Persistent hepatitis C viraemia without liver disease
    • Brillanti S, Gaiani S, Miglioli M, et al: Persistent hepatitis C viraemia without liver disease. Lancet 341:464-465, 1993.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 464-465
    • Brillanti, S.1    Gaiani, S.2    Miglioli, M.3
  • 144
    • 0027050805 scopus 로고
    • Long-term mortality after transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis
    • Seeff LB, Buskell-Bales Z, Wright EC, et al: Long-term mortality after transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 327:1906-1911, 1992.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 1906-1911
    • Seeff, L.B.1    Buskell-Bales, Z.2    Wright, E.C.3
  • 145
    • 85035154801 scopus 로고
    • Sequelae of transfusion-associated non-A, non-B (TA-NANB) hepatitis
    • Tokyo
    • Seeff LB and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group: Sequelae of transfusion-associated non-A, non-B (TA-NANB) hepatitis [abstract]. Program and Abstracts of the Fourth International Symposium on HCV, Tokyo, 1993, p. 29.
    • (1993) Program and Abstracts of the Fourth International Symposium on HCV , pp. 29
    • Seeff, L.B.1
  • 146
    • 0025276753 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral markers in Black and White patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States
    • Yu MC, Tong MJ, Coursaget P, et al: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral markers in Black and White patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1038-1041, 1990.
    • (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.82 , pp. 1038-1041
    • Yu, M.C.1    Tong, M.J.2    Coursaget, P.3
  • 147
    • 0025761253 scopus 로고
    • The role of chronic viral hepatitis in hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States
    • Di Bisceglie AM, Order SE, Klein JL, et al: The role of chronic viral hepatitis in hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol 86:335-338, 1991.
    • (1991) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.86 , pp. 335-338
    • Di Bisceglie, A.M.1    Order, S.E.2    Klein, J.L.3
  • 148
    • 0026085984 scopus 로고
    • Association between HCV and HBV infection in hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease
    • Nalpas B, Driss F, Pol S, et al: Association between HCV and HBV infection in hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatol 12:70-74, 1991.
    • (1991) J Hepatol , vol.12 , pp. 70-74
    • Nalpas, B.1    Driss, F.2    Pol, S.3
  • 149
    • 0025758426 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B and C viruses and their interaction in the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Kaklamani E, Trichopoulos D, Tzonou A, et al: Hepatitis B and C viruses and their interaction in the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma. JAMA 265:1974-1976, 1991.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 1974-1976
    • Kaklamani, E.1    Trichopoulos, D.2    Tzonou, A.3
  • 150
    • 0026599783 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis
    • Simonetti RG, Camma C, Fiorello F, et al: Hepatitis C virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 116:97-102, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , pp. 97-102
    • Simonetti, R.G.1    Camma, C.2    Fiorello, F.3
  • 151
    • 0027450808 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C viras RNA in southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Bukh J, Miller RH, Kew MC, Purcell RH: Hepatitis C viras RNA in southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci 90:1848-1851, 1993.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.90 , pp. 1848-1851
    • Bukh, J.1    Miller, R.H.2    Kew, M.C.3    Purcell, R.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.