Politics beyond the state Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics

World Politics

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 1995, Pages 311-340

  Wapner, Paul ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SOCIETY; ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM; ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT; GEOPOLITICAL STUDIES; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION; POLITICAL ROLE; PRESSURE GROUP; WORLD POLITICS;

EID: 0028863518     PISSN: 00438871     EISSN: 10863338     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0043887100016415     Document Type: Article

References (8)

1. See, for example, David Forsythe, Human Rights and World Politics, 2d ed. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989); Kathryn Sikkink, “Human Rights Issue-Networks in Latin America,” International Organization 47 (Summer 1993); Robert Goldman, “International Humanitarian Law: Americas Watch's Experience in Monitoring Internal Armed Conflict,” The American University Journal of International Law and Policy 9 (Fall 1993).
2. See, for example, Thomas Rochon, Mobilizing for Peace: The Antinuclear Movements in Western Europe (Princeton; Princeton University Press, 1988); David Cortright, Peace Works: The Citizen's Role in Ending-the Cold War (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993).
3. Alain Touraine, Anti-Nuclear Protest (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983); Fritjof
4. Capra and Charlene Spretnak, Green Politics (London: Hutchinson, 1984); Joyce Gelb, “Feminism and Political Action,” in Dalton and Kuechler (fn. 7).
5. Harry Boyte, “The Pragmatic Ends of Popular Politics,” in Craig Calhoun, ed., Habermas and the Public Sphere (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992); Richard Shaull, Heralds of a New Reformation: The Poor of South and North America (New York: Orbis Books, 1984); Anil Agarwal, “Ecological Destruction and the Emerging Patterns of Poverty and People's Protests in Rural India,” Social Action 35 (January-March 1985). See generally Alan Duming, “Action at the Grassroots: Fighting Poverty and Environmental Decline,” Worldwatch Paper 88 (Washington, D.C.: World watch Institute, 1989).
6. In these cases, groups could not politicize existing civil societies but actually had to create them. See Adam Michnik, Letters from Prison and Other Essays, trans. Maya Latynski (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985); Vaclav Haval, Open Letters: Selected Writings, 1965–1990, ed. Paul Wilson (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1991).
7. The danger of engaging the state in places like Poland provided the impetus to create horizontal associations. This was the central idea behind the Polish “self-limiting revolution,” which recognized the power of the state with its Soviet support and hence the improbability of toppling it. See Michnik (fn. 10).
8. See, for example, George Modelski, “The Corporation in World Society,” Year Book of World Affairs 1968 (New York: Praeger, 1968); Werner Feld, Nongovernmental Forces and World Politics: A Study of Business, Labor and Political Groups (New York: Praeger, 1972); Abdul A. Said and Luiz Simmons, eds., The New Sovereigns: Multinational Corporations as World Powers (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975).