Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer: A study of 1,584 cases and 2,879 controls

Preventive Medicine

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 1995, Pages 571-579

  D’avanzo, Barbara ^a   La Vecchia, Carlo ^a,b   Franceschi, Silvia ^c   Gallotti, Liliana ^a   Talamini, Renato ^c  

^a MARIO NEGRI INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^c CENTRO DI RIFERIMENTO ONCOLOGICO   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; COLORECTAL CANCER; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

ADULT; AGED; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); FEMALE; HUMAN; ITALY; MALE; MIDDLE AGE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; ODDS RATIO; RISK; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T;

EID: 0028846627     PISSN: 00917435     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/pmed.1995.1091     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. U.S. Office on Smoking and Health. Reducing the health consequences of smoking. Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville (MD), 1989.
2. Lee WC, Neugut AI, Garbowski GC, Forde KA, Treat MR, Waye JD, Fenoglio-Preiser C. Cigarettes, alcohol, coffee, and caffeine as risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps. Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:239-44.
3. Peipins LA, Sandler RS. Epidemiology of colorectal adenomas. Epidemiol Rev 1994;16:273-97.
4. Stemmermann GN, Heilbrun LK, Nomura AMY. Association of diet and other factors with adenomatous polyps of the large bowel: a prospective autopsy study. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47: 312-7.
5. Kono S, Ikeda N, Yanai F, Shinchi K, Imanishi K. Alcoholic beverages and adenomatous polyps of the sigmoid colon: a study of male self-defense officials in Japan. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19: 848-52.
6. Hoff G, Vatn MH, Larsen S. Relationship between tobacco smoking and colorectal polyps. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987;22:13-6.
7. Kikendall JW, Bowen PE, Burgess MB, Magnetti C, Woodward J, Langenberg P. Cigarettes and alcohol as independent risk factors for colonic adenomas. Gastroenterology 1989;97:660-4.
8. Cope GF, Wyatt JE, Pinder IF, Lee PN, Heatley RV, Kelleher J. Alcohol consumption in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps. Gut 1991;32:70-2.
9. Jacobson JS, Neugut AI, Murray T, Garbowski GC, Forde KA, Treat MR, Waye JD, Santos J, Ahsan H. Cigarette smoking and other behavioral risk factors for recurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps (New York City, NY, USA). Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:215-20.
10. Martinez ME, Mc Pherson RS, Annegers JF, Levin B. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for colorectal adenomatous polyps. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:274-9.
11. Wynder EL, Shigematsu T. Environmental factors of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1967;20:1520-61.
12. Dales LG, Friedman GD, Ury HK, Grossman S, Williams SR. A case-control study of relationships of diet and other traits to colorectal cancer in American blacks. Am J Epidemiol 1979;109: 132-44.
13. Baron JA, Gerhardsson de Verdier M, Ekbom A. Coffee, tea, tobacco, and cancer of the large bowel. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994;3:565-70.
14. Kahn HA. The Dorn study of smoking and mortality among U.S. veterans: report on eight and one-half years of observation. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1966;19:1-125.
15. Hammond EC. Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1966;19:127-204.
16. Doll R, Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors. Br Med J 1976;2:1525-36.
17. Haenszel W, Berg JW, Segi M, Kurihara M, Locke FB. Large-bowel cancer in Hawaiian Japanese. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 51:1765-79.
18. Haenszel W, Locke FB, Segi M. A case-control study of large bowel cancer in Japan. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;4:617-22.
19. Tuyns AJ, Pequignot G, Gignoux M, Valla A. Cancers of the digestive tract, alcohol and tobacco. Int J Cancer 1982;30:9-11.
20. Sandler RS, Sandler DP, Comstock GW, Helsing KJ, Shore DL. Cigarette smoking and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:1329-33.
21. Wu AH, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE. Alcohol, physical activity and other risk factors for colorectal cancer: a prospective study. Br J Cancer 1987;55:687-94.
22. Carstensen JM, Pershagen G, Eklund G. Mortality in relation to cigarette and pipe smoking: 16 years’ observation of 25000 Swedish men. J Epidemiol Community Health 1987;41:166-72.
23. Choi SY, Kahyo H. Effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the etiology of cancers of the digestive tract. Int J Cancer 1991;49:381-6.
24. Olsen J, Rronborg O. Coffee, tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for cancer and adenoma of the large intestine. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22:398-402.
25. Bostick RM, Potter JD, Kushi LH, Sellers TA, Steinmetz KA, Mc Kenzie DR, Gapstur SM, Folson AR. Sugar, meat and fat intake, and non-dietary risk factors for colon cancer incidence in Iowa women (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1994;5:38-52.
26. Chute CG, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Baron JA, Rosner B, Speizer FE. A prospective study of body mass, height, and smoking on the risk of colorectal cancer in women. Cancer Causes Control 1991;2:117-24.
27. Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Hunter D, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Speizer FE. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer in U.S. women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:192-9.
28. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, Kearney J, Willett WC. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer in U.S. men. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86:183-91.
29. Heineman EF, Hoar Zahm S, McLaughlin JK, Vaught JB. Increased risk of colorectal cancer among smokers: results of a 26-year follow-up of U.S. veterans and a review. Int J Cancer 1995;59:728-38.
30. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Decarli A, D'Avanzo B, Franceschi S. A case-control study of diet and gastric cancer in Northern Italy. Int J Cancer 1987;40:484-9.
31. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research, Vol 1, The analysis of case control studies. IARC Sci Publ 1980; 32:5-338.
32. Day NE, Brown CC. Multistage models and primary prevention of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980;64:977-89.
33. Peto R. Epidemiology, multistage models, and short-term mutagenicity tests. In: Hiatt HH, Watson JD, Winsten JA, editors. Origins of human cancer. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1977:1403-28.
34. Wu AH, Henderson BE. Alcohol and tobacco use: risk factors for colorectal adenoma and carcinoma? J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87: 239-40.
35. Doll R, Peto R. Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: dose and time relationships among regular smokers and lifelong non-smokers. J Epidemiol Community Health 1978;32:303-13.
36. La Vecchia C, Pagano R, Negri E, Decarli A. Smoking and prevalence of disease in the 1983 Italian National Health Survey. Int J Epidemiol 1988;17:50-5.
37. Morabia A, Wynder EL. Dietary habits of smokers, people who never smoked, and exsmokers. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:933-7.
38. Willett WC. The search for the causes of breast and colon cancer. Nature 1989;338:389-94.
39. Wynder EL. Epidemiological issues in weak associations. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19(Suppl 1):S5-S7.