메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 333, Issue 21, 1995, Pages 1392-1400

Primary prevention of stroke

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CHOLESTEROL; CLOFIBRATE; DIURETIC AGENT; ESTROGEN; FATTY ACID; LIPID;

EID: 0028817786     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199511233332106     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (330)

References (142)
  • 1
    • 0003490341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart and stroke facts
    • Dallas: American Heart Association, 1991.
    • Heart and stroke facts. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1991.
  • 2
    • 84908158123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke facts
    • Dallas: American Heart Association, 1988.
    • Stroke facts. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1988.
  • 3
    • 0023872582 scopus 로고
    • Stroke in blacks
    • Gillum RF Stroke in blacks. Stroke 1988; 19: 1-9
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 1-9
    • Gillum, R.1
  • 4
    • 0003490341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart and stroke facts
    • Dallas: American Heart Association, 1992.
    • Heart and stroke facts. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1992.
  • 5
    • 0001855891 scopus 로고
    • Cost of stroke
    • National Stroke Association. Cost of stroke. Stroke Clin Updates 1994; 5: 9-12
    • (1994) Stroke Clin Updates , vol.5 , pp. 9-12
  • 6
    • 0018142974 scopus 로고
    • Trends in mortality from cerebrovascular disease in the United States, 1960 to 1975
    • Soltero I, Liu K, Cooper R, Stamler J, Garside D Trends in mortality from cerebrovascular disease in the United States, 1960 to 1975. Stroke 1978; 9: 549-558
    • (1978) Stroke , vol.9 , pp. 549-558
    • Soltero, I.1    Liu, K.2    Cooper, R.3    Stamler, J.4    Garside, D.5
  • 7
    • 0004341491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality: chartbook on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases
    • Bethesda, Md.: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1994.
    • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Morbidity and mortality: chartbook on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. Bethesda, Md.: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 1994.
  • 8
    • 0020564378 scopus 로고
    • The continuing decline in the incidence of stroke
    • Garraway WM, Whisnant JP, Drury I The continuing decline in the incidence of stroke. Mayo Clin Proc 1983; 58: 520-523
    • (1983) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.58 , pp. 520-523
    • Garraway, W.1    Whisnant, J.2    Drury, I.3
  • 9
    • 0025143020 scopus 로고
    • Slowdown in the decline of stroke mortality in the United States, 1978-1986
    • Cooper R, Sempos C, Hsieh SC, Kovar MG Slowdown in the decline of stroke mortality in the United States, 1978-1986. Stroke 1990; 21: 1274-1279
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 1274-1279
    • Cooper, R.1    Sempos, C.2    Hsieh, S.3    Kovar, M.4
  • 10
    • 0024371912 scopus 로고
    • Incidence rates of stroke in the eighties: the end of the decline in stroke?
    • Broderick JP, Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP, O'Fallon WM, Bergstralh EJ Incidence rates of stroke in the eighties: the end of the decline in stroke? Stroke 1989; 20: 577-582
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 577-582
    • Broderick, J.1    Phillips, S.2    Whisnant, J.3    O'Fallon, W.4    Bergstralh, E.5
  • 11
    • 0003661906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1993 World health statistics annual
    • Geneva: World Health Organization, 1994.
    • World Health Organization. 1993 World health statistics annual. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1994.
  • 12
    • 0025248644 scopus 로고
    • The paradox of high risk of stroke in populations with low risk of coronary heart disease
    • Reed DM The paradox of high risk of stroke in populations with low risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 131: 579-588
    • (1990) Am J Epidemiol , vol.131 , pp. 579-588
    • Reed, D.1
  • 13
    • 0019230053 scopus 로고
    • A review of stroke epidemiology
    • Ostfeld AM A review of stroke epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1980; 2: 136-152
    • (1980) Epidemiol Rev , vol.2 , pp. 136-152
    • Ostfeld, A.1
  • 14
    • 0001962158 scopus 로고
    • Causal inference in epidemiology
    • In: Rothman KJ. Modern epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown
    • Causal inference in epidemiology. In: Rothman KJ. Modern epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown, 1986:7-21.
    • (1986) , pp. 7-21
  • 15
    • 0025663402 scopus 로고
    • Preventing stroke by the modification of risk factors
    • Suppl IV
    • Dunbabin DW, Sandercock PAG Preventing stroke by the modification of risk factors. Stroke 1990; 21: Suppl IV: IV-36
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. IV-36
    • Dunbabin, D.1    Sandercock, P.2
  • 16
    • 0026857081 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and the brain: the National High Blood Pressure Education Program
    • Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP Hypertension and the brain: the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 938-945
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 938-945
    • Phillips, S.1    Whisnant, J.2
  • 17
    • 0001863422 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of stroke
    • In: Barnett HJM, Mohr JP, Stein BM, Yatsu FM, eds. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • Wolf PA, Cobb JL, D'Agostino RB. Epidemiology of stroke. In: Barnett HJM, Mohr JP, Stein BM, Yatsu FM, eds. Stroke: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1992:3-27.
    • (1992) Stroke: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. , pp. 3-27
    • Wolf, P.1    Cobb, J.2    D'Agostino, R.3
  • 18
    • 0021235945 scopus 로고
    • Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage: natural history, prognosis, and precursive factors in the Framingham Study
    • Sacco RL, Wolf PA, Bharucha NE, Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage: natural history, prognosis, and precursive factors in the Framingham Study. Neurology 1984; 34: 847-854
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 847-854
    • Sacco, R.1    Wolf, P.2    Bharucha, N.3
  • 19
    • 0024439896 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in women
    • Fiebach NH, Hebert Pr, Stampfer MJ, A prospective study of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in women. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 130: 646-654
    • (1989) Am J Epidemiol , vol.130 , pp. 646-654
    • Fiebach, N.1    Hebert, P.2    Stampfer, M.3
  • 20
    • 0025234906 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. I. Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias
    • MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. I. Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990; 335: 765-774
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 765-774
    • MacMahon, S.1    Peto, R.2    Cutler, J.3
  • 21
    • 0022909282 scopus 로고
    • The effects of drug treatment for hypertension on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease: a review of randomized controlled trials
    • Suppl 1
    • MacMahon SW, Cutler JA, Furberg CD, Payne GH The effects of drug treatment for hypertension on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease: a review of randomized controlled trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1986; 29: Suppl 1: 99-118
    • (1986) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.29 , pp. 99-118
    • MacMahon, S.1    Cutler, J.2    Furberg, C.3    Payne, G.4
  • 22
    • 0025347391 scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context
    • Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990; 335: 827-838
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.335 , pp. 827-838
    • Collins, R.1    Peto, R.2    MacMahon, S.3
  • 23
    • 0026512315 scopus 로고
    • MRC Working Party. Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results
    • MRC Working Party Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. BMJ 1992; 304: 405-412
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 405-412
  • 24
    • 0025942936 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension)
    • Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Schersten B, Ekbom T, Wester PO Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet 1991; 338: 1281-1285
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Dahlof, B.1    Lindholm, L.2    Hansson, L.3    Schersten, B.4    Ekbom, T.5    Wester, P.6
  • 25
    • 84908557638 scopus 로고
    • Statement on hypertension in the elderly
    • Working Group on Hypertension in the Elderly. Statement on hypertension in the elderly. JAMA 1986; 256: 70-74
    • (1986) JAMA , vol.256 , pp. 70-74
  • 26
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)
    • SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255-3264
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 27
    • 0026014859 scopus 로고
    • Syst-Eur: a multicentre trial on the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: objectives, protocol and organization
    • Amery A, Birkenhager W, Bulpitt C, Syst-Eur: a multicentre trial on the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: objectives, protocol and organization. Aging 1991; 3: 287-302
    • (1991) Aging , vol.3 , pp. 287-302
    • Amery, A.1    Birkenhager, W.2    Bulpitt, C.3
  • 28
    • 0023942157 scopus 로고
    • The 1988 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1023-1038
    • (1988) Arch Intern Med , vol.148 , pp. 1023-1038
  • 29
    • 84953028081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and health: implications for reducing chronic disease risk
    • Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1989.
    • National Research Council. Diet and health: implications for reducing chronic disease risk. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1989.
  • 30
    • 85023409643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthy People 2000 review, 1993
    • Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993. (DHHS publication no. (PHS) 94-1232-1.)
    • Public Health Service. Healthy People 2000 review, 1993. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993. (DHHS publication no. (PHS) 94-1232-1.)
  • 32
    • 0021198758 scopus 로고
    • Platelet function after cigarette smoking in relation to nicotine and carbon monoxide
    • Renaud S, Blache D, Dumont E, Thevenon C, Wissendanger T Platelet function after cigarette smoking in relation to nicotine and carbon monoxide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984; 36: 389-395
    • (1984) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.36 , pp. 389-395
    • Renaud, S.1    Blache, D.2    Dumont, E.3    Thevenon, C.4    Wissendanger, T.5
  • 33
    • 11244313536 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study
    • Suppl IV
    • Criqui MH, Wallace RB, Heiss G, Mishkel M, Schonfeld G, Jones GT Cigarette smoking and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1980; 62: Suppl IV: IV-70
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.62 , pp. IV-70
    • Criqui, M.1    Wallace, R.2    Heiss, G.3    Mishkel, M.4    Schonfeld, G.5    Jones, G.6
  • 34
    • 0017836024 scopus 로고
    • Smokers' polycythemia
    • Smith JR, Landaw SA Smokers' polycythemia. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 6-10
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.298 , pp. 6-10
    • Smith, J.1    Landaw, S.2
  • 35
    • 0001459811 scopus 로고
    • Pathologic effect of tobacco smoke inhalation on arterial intima
    • Sieffert GF, Keown K, Moore WS Pathologic effect of tobacco smoke inhalation on arterial intima. Surg Forum 1981; 32: 333-335
    • (1981) Surg Forum , vol.32 , pp. 333-335
    • Sieffert, G.1    Keown, K.2    Moore, W.3
  • 36
    • 0020525278 scopus 로고
    • Effects of smoking on regional cerebral blood flow in neurologically normal subjects
    • Kubota K, Yamaguchi T, Abe Y, Fugiwara T, Hutazawa J, Matsuzawa T Effects of smoking on regional cerebral blood flow in neurologically normal subjects. Stroke 1983; 14: 720-724
    • (1983) Stroke , vol.14 , pp. 720-724
    • Kubota, K.1    Yamaguchi, T.2    Abe, Y.3    Fugiwara, T.4    Hutazawa, J.5    Matsuzawa, T.6
  • 37
    • 0024545999 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke
    • Shinton R, Beevers G Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke. BMJ 1989; 298: 789-794
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.298 , pp. 789-794
    • Shinton, R.1    Beevers, G.2
  • 38
    • 0023845614 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study
    • Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Kannel WB, Bonita R, Belanger AJ Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. JAMA 1988; 259: 1025-1029
    • (1988) JAMA , vol.259 , pp. 1025-1029
    • Wolf, P.1    D'Agostino, R.2    Kannel, W.3    Bonita, R.4    Belanger, A.5
  • 39
    • 84945702108 scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women
    • Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women. JAMA 1993; 269: 232-236
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 232-236
    • Kawachi, I.1    Colditz, G.2    Stampfer, M.3
  • 40
    • 84876166299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health benefits of smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General
    • Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990. (DHHS publication no. (CDC) 90-8416.)
    • Department of Health and Human Services. The health benefits of smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990. (DHHS publication no. (CDC) 90-8416.)
  • 41
    • 0009547624 scopus 로고
    • Role of cardiovascular risk factors in prevention and treatment of macrovascular disease in diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association. Role of cardiovascular risk factors in prevention and treatment of macrovascular disease in diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989; 12: 573-579
    • (1989) Diabetes Care , vol.12 , pp. 573-579
  • 42
    • 0028203280 scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance and 22-year stroke incidence: the Honolulu Heart Program
    • Burchfiel CM, Curb JD, Rodriguez BL, Abbott RD, Chiu D, Yano K Glucose intolerance and 22-year stroke incidence: the Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 1994; 25: 951-957
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 951-957
    • Burchfiel, C.1    Curb, J.2    Rodriguez, B.3    Abbott, R.4    Chiu, D.5    Yano, K.6
  • 43
    • 0025860342 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women
    • Manson JE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, A prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1141-1147
    • (1991) Arch Intern Med , vol.151 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Manson, J.1    Colditz, G.2    Stampfer, M.3
  • 45
    • 19244380207 scopus 로고
    • Clotting factors, platelet function and fibrinolytic activity in diabetics and in a comparison group
    • abstract.
    • Chakrabarti R, Meade TW Clotting factors, platelet function and fibrinolytic activity in diabetics and in a comparison group. Diabetologia 1976; 12: 383-383 abstract.
    • (1976) Diabetologia , vol.12 , pp. 383
    • Chakrabarti, R.1    Meade, T.2
  • 46
    • 0025820742 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger RS Jr Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 147-152
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 147-152
    • Helmrich, S.1    Ragland, D.R.2    Leung, R.3    Paffenbarger, R.4
  • 47
    • 0015165149 scopus 로고
    • Chronic disease in former college students. XI. Early precursors of nonfatal stroke
    • Paffenbarger RS Jr, Wing AL Chronic disease in former college students. XI. Early precursors of nonfatal stroke. Am J Epidemiol 1971; 94: 524-530
    • (1971) Am J Epidemiol , vol.94 , pp. 524-530
    • Paffenbarger, R.1    Wing, A.2
  • 48
    • 0015181249 scopus 로고
    • Weight and weight history in relation to cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease
    • Heyden S, Hames CG, Bartel A, Cassel JC, Tyroler HA, Cornoni JC Weight and weight history in relation to cerebrovascular and ischemic heart disease. Arch Intern Med 1971; 128: 956-960
    • (1971) Arch Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 956-960
    • Heyden, S.1    Hames, C.2    Bartel, A.3    Cassel, J.4    Tyroler, H.5    Cornoni, J.6
  • 49
    • 0020674979 scopus 로고
    • The relation of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality to weight in youth and in middle age
    • Rhoads GG, Kagan A The relation of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality to weight in youth and in middle age. Lancet 1983; 1: 492-495
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 492-495
    • Rhoads, G.1    Kagan, A.2
  • 52
    • 0026378360 scopus 로고
    • Body mass index and patterns of mortality among Seventh-day Adventist men
    • Linsted K, Tonstad S, Kuzma JW Body mass index and patterns of mortality among Seventh-day Adventist men. Int J Obes 1991; 15: 397-406
    • (1991) Int J Obes , vol.15 , pp. 397-406
    • Linsted, K.1    Tonstad, S.2    Kuzma, J.3
  • 53
    • 0028151474 scopus 로고
    • Body mass index and thromboembolic stroke in nonsmoking men in older middle age: the Honolulu Heart Program
    • Abbott RD, Behrens GR, Sharp DS, Body mass index and thromboembolic stroke in nonsmoking men in older middle age: the Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 1994; 25: 2370-2376
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 2370-2376
    • Abbott, R.1    Behrens, G.2    Sharp, D.3
  • 55
    • 0021678265 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden
    • Lapidus L, Bengtsson C, Larsson B, Pennert K, Rybo E, Sjostrom L Distribution of adipose tissue and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: a 12 year follow up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. BMJ 1984; 289: 1257-1261
    • (1984) BMJ , vol.289 , pp. 1257-1261
    • Lapidus, L.1    Bengtsson, C.2    Larsson, B.3    Pennert, K.4    Rybo, E.5    Sjostrom, L.6
  • 56
    • 0025771107 scopus 로고
    • Body fat, coronary heart disease, and stroke in Japanese men
    • Suppl
    • Curb JD, Marcus EB Body fat, coronary heart disease, and stroke in Japanese men. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: Suppl: 1612S-1615S
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.53 , pp. 1612S-1615S
    • Curb, J.1    Marcus, E.2
  • 58
    • 0022527340 scopus 로고
    • Reduced hepatic insulin clearance in rats with dietary-induced obesity
    • Stromblad G, Bjorntorp P Reduced hepatic insulin clearance in rats with dietary-induced obesity. Metabolism 1986; 35: 323-327
    • (1986) Metabolism , vol.35 , pp. 323-327
    • Stromblad, G.1    Bjorntorp, P.2
  • 59
    • 0000290280 scopus 로고
    • Högsedt B. Some physiological and clinical implications of lipid mobilization from adipose tissue. In: Renold AE, Cahill GF Jr, eds. Adipose tissue. Sect. V of Handbook of physiology. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society,
    • Carlson LA, Boberg J, Högsedt B. Some physiological and clinical implications of lipid mobilization from adipose tissue. In: Renold AE, Cahill GF Jr, eds. Adipose tissue. Sect. V of Handbook of physiology. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society, 1965:625-44.
    • (1965) , pp. 625-644
    • Carlson, L.1    Boberg, J.2
  • 60
    • 0019798125 scopus 로고
    • The role of exercise in the treatment of hypertension in obesity
    • Suppl 1
    • Horton ES The role of exercise in the treatment of hypertension in obesity. Int J Obes 1981; 5: Suppl 1: 165-171
    • (1981) Int J Obes , vol.5 , pp. 165-171
    • Horton, E.1
  • 61
    • 0028322089 scopus 로고
    • Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991
    • Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Johnson CL Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA 1994; 272: 205-211
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 205-211
    • Kuczmarski, R.1    Flegal, K.2    Campbell, S.3    Johnson, C.4
  • 62
    • 0002568213 scopus 로고
    • Obesity
    • In: Williams RH, ed. Textbook of endocrinology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders,
    • Bierman EL, Hirsch J. Obesity. In: Williams RH, ed. Textbook of endocrinology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1981:907-21.
    • (1981) , pp. 907-921
    • Bierman, E.1    Hirsch, J.2
  • 63
    • 0028198403 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: the Honolulu Heart Program
    • Abbott RD, Rodriguez BL, Burchfiel CM, Curb JD Physical activity in older middle-aged men and reduced risk of stroke: the Honolulu Heart Program. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 139: 881-893
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 881-893
    • Abbott, R.1    Rodriguez, B.2    Burchfiel, C.3    Curb, J.4
  • 64
    • 0026544569 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men
    • Wannamethee G, Shaper AG Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men. BMJ 1992; 304: 597-601
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 597-601
    • Wannamethee, G.1    Shaper, A.2
  • 65
    • 0028131941 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and stroke risk: the Framingham Study
    • [Erratum, J Epidemiol 1995;141:178.]
    • Kiely DK, Wolf PA, Cupples LA, Beiser AS, Kannel WB Physical activity and stroke risk: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140: 608-620 [Erratum, J Epidemiol 1995;141:178.]
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.140 , pp. 608-620
    • Kiely, D.1    Wolf, P.2    Cupples, L.3    Beiser, A.4    Kannel, W.5
  • 66
    • 0344109082 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in women
    • abstract.
    • Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Physical activity and incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation 1995; 91: 927-927 abstract.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 927
    • Manson, J.1    Stampfer, M.2    Willett, W.3
  • 67
    • 0022969424 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of platelet aggregability by moderate-intensity physical exercise: a randomized clinical trial in overweight men
    • Rauramaa R, Salonen JT, Seppanen K, Inhibition of platelet aggregability by moderate-intensity physical exercise: a randomized clinical trial in overweight men. Circulation 1986; 74: 939-944
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 939-944
    • Rauramaa, R.1    Salonen, J.2    Seppanen, K.3
  • 68
    • 0023160916 scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein. 2. Relationship of the plasma levels of this lipoprotein species to its composition, to the magnitude of postprandial lipemia, and to the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase
    • Patsch JR, Prasad AM, Gotto AM Jr, Patsch W High density lipoprotein. 2. Relationship of the plasma levels of this lipoprotein species to its composition, to the magnitude of postprandial lipemia, and to the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 341-347
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.80 , pp. 341-347
    • Patsch, J.1    Prasad, A.2    Gotto, A.3    Patsch, W.4
  • 69
    • 0007241879 scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease
    • In: Braunwald E, ed. Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders,
    • Oberman A. Rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease. In: Braunwald E, ed. Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1988:1395-409.
    • (1988) , pp. 1395-1409
    • Oberman, A.1
  • 70
    • 0027124612 scopus 로고
    • The primary prevention of myocardial infarction
    • Manson JE, Tosteson H, Ridker PM, The primary prevention of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1406-1416
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1406-1416
    • Manson, J.1    Tosteson, H.2    Ridker, P.3
  • 71
    • 0002657081 scopus 로고
    • Physical activity and physical fitness as determinants of health and longevity
    • In: Bouchard C, Shephard RJ, Stephens T, Sutton JR, McPherson BD, eds. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Books
    • Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL. Physical activity and physical fitness as determinants of health and longevity. In: Bouchard C, Shephard RJ, Stephens T, Sutton JR, McPherson BD, eds. Exercise, fitness and health: a consensus of current knowledge. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Books, 1990:33-48.
    • (1990) Exercise, fitness and health: a consensus of current knowledge. , pp. 33-48
    • Paffenbarger, R.1    Hyde, R.2    Wing, A.3
  • 73
    • 0026795925 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: mortality associations
    • Jacobs D, Blackburn H, Higgins M, Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: mortality associations. Circulation 1992; 86: 1046-1060
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.86 , pp. 1046-1060
    • Jacobs, D.1    Blackburn, H.2    Higgins, M.3
  • 74
    • 0024418221 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program
    • Yano K, Reed DM, MacLean CJ Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 1989; 20: 1460-1465
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 1460-1465
    • Yano, K.1    Reed, D.2    MacLean, C.3
  • 75
    • 0020086170 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community
    • Tanaka H, Ueda Y, Hayashi M, Risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community. Stroke 1982; 13: 62-73
    • (1982) Stroke , vol.13 , pp. 62-73
    • Tanaka, H.1    Ueda, Y.2    Hayashi, M.3
  • 76
    • 0024519925 scopus 로고
    • Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
    • Iso H, Jacobs DR Jr, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Cohen JD Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 904-910
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 904-910
    • Iso, H.1    Jacobs, D.R.2    Wentworth, D.3    Neaton, J.4    Cohen, J.5
  • 77
    • 0028263188 scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men: implications of shared risk
    • Benfante R, Yano K, Hwang LJ, Curb JD, Kagan A, Ross W Elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for both coronary heart disease and thromboembolic stroke in Hawaiian Japanese men: implications of shared risk. Stroke 1994; 25: 814-820
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 814-820
    • Benfante, R.1    Yano, K.2    Hwang, L.3    Curb, J.4    Kagan, A.5    Ross, W.6
  • 78
    • 0020037977 scopus 로고
    • Relation of blood pressure, serum lipids, and smoking to the risk of cerebral stroke: a longitudinal study in eastern Finland
    • Salonen JT, Puska P, Tuomilehto J, Homan K Relation of blood pressure, serum lipids, and smoking to the risk of cerebral stroke: a longitudinal study in eastern Finland. Stroke 1982; 13: 327-333
    • (1982) Stroke , vol.13 , pp. 327-333
    • Salonen, J.1    Puska, P.2    Tuomilehto, J.3    Homan, K.4
  • 79
    • 0019520249 scopus 로고
    • Lipoproteins, cardiovascular disease, and death: the Framingham Study
    • Gordon T, Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Dawber TR Lipoproteins, cardiovascular disease, and death: the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141: 1128-1131
    • (1981) Arch Intern Med , vol.141 , pp. 1128-1131
    • Gordon, T.1    Kannel, W.2    Castelli, W.3    Dawber, T.4
  • 80
    • 0020516727 scopus 로고
    • Serum triglyceride and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and total mortality in Japanese-American men
    • Rhoads GG, Feinleib M Serum triglyceride and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and total mortality in Japanese-American men. Arteriosclerosis 1983; 3: 316-322
    • (1983) Arteriosclerosis , vol.3 , pp. 316-322
    • Rhoads, G.1    Feinleib, M.2
  • 81
  • 82
    • 0023951218 scopus 로고
    • Relation between blood lipids, lipoproteins, and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis: a review
    • Tell GS, Crouse JR, Furberg CD Relation between blood lipids, lipoproteins, and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis: a review. Stroke 1988; 19: 423-430
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 423-430
    • Tell, G.1    Crouse, J.2    Furberg, C.3
  • 83
    • 0027380992 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials
    • Atkins D, Psaty BM, Koepsell TD, Longstreth WT Jr, Larson EB Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 136-145
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 136-145
    • Atkins, D.1    Psaty, B.2    Koepsell, T.3    Longstreth, W.4    Larson, E.5
  • 84
    • 0024829589 scopus 로고
    • Moderate alcohol consumption and stroke: the epidemiologic evidence
    • Camargo CA Jr Moderate alcohol consumption and stroke: the epidemiologic evidence. Stroke 1989; 20: 1611-1626
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 1611-1626
    • Camargo, C.1
  • 85
    • 0022537398 scopus 로고
    • Moderate alcohol consumption and coronary artery disease: a review
    • Moore RD, Pearson TA Moderate alcohol consumption and coronary artery disease: a review. Medicine (Baltimore) 1986; 65: 242-267
    • (1986) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.65 , pp. 242-267
    • Moore, R.1    Pearson, T.2
  • 86
    • 84944370255 scopus 로고
    • The effect of moderate alcohol intake on serum apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: a controlled study
    • Camargo CA Jr, Williams PT, Vranizan KM, Albers JJ, Wood PD The effect of moderate alcohol intake on serum apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: a controlled study. JAMA 1985; 253: 2854-2857
    • (1985) JAMA , vol.253 , pp. 2854-2857
    • Camargo, C.1    Williams, P.2    Vranizan, K.3    Albers, J.4    Wood, P.5
  • 87
    • 0023809299 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of ethanol, prostacyclin, and aspirin in determining human platelet reactivity in vitro
    • Jakubowski JA, Vaillancourt R, Deykin D Interaction of ethanol, prostacyclin, and aspirin in determining human platelet reactivity in vitro. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8: 436-441
    • (1988) Arteriosclerosis , vol.8 , pp. 436-441
    • Jakubowski, J.1    Vaillancourt, R.2    Deykin, D.3
  • 88
    • 0021163492 scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation in healthy non-alcoholic people after an alcoholic binge
    • Thornton JR Atrial fibrillation in healthy non-alcoholic people after an alcoholic binge. Lancet 1984; 2: 1013-1015
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1013-1015
    • Thornton, J.1
  • 89
    • 0023156644 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol consumption and hypertension
    • MacMahon S Alcohol consumption and hypertension. Hypertension 1987; 9: 111-121
    • (1987) Hypertension , vol.9 , pp. 111-121
    • MacMahon, S.1
  • 90
    • 0022913634 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with ethanol intoxication
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with ethanol intoxication. Stroke 1986; 17: 1156-1159
    • (1986) Stroke , vol.17 , pp. 1156-1159
    • Mathew, R.1    Wilson, W.2
  • 91
    • 0022004607 scopus 로고
    • Acute ethanol ingestion increases platelet reactivity: is there a relationship to stroke?
    • Hillbom M, Kangasaho M, Kaste M, Numminen H, Vapaatalo H Acute ethanol ingestion increases platelet reactivity: is there a relationship to stroke? Stroke 1985; 16: 19-23
    • (1985) Stroke , vol.16 , pp. 19-23
    • Hillbom, M.1    Kangasaho, M.2    Kaste, M.3    Numminen, H.4    Vapaatalo, H.5
  • 92
    • 85023283575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sixth special report to the U.S
    • Congress on alcohol and health from the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1987. (DHHS publication no. (ADM) 87-1519.)
    • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Sixth special report to the U.S. Congress on alcohol and health from the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1987. (DHHS publication no. (ADM) 87-1519.)
  • 94
    • 0023756992 scopus 로고
    • The effect of diet on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease
    • Kris-Etherton PM, Krummel D, Russell ME, The effect of diet on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease. J Am Diet Assoc 1988; 88: 1373-1400
    • (1988) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.88 , pp. 1373-1400
    • Kris-Etherton, P.1    Krummel, D.2    Russell, M.3
  • 95
    • 0021958161 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of dietary fat and cholesterol to mortality in 10 years: the Honolulu Heart Program
    • McGee D, Reed D, Stemmerman G, Rhoads G, Yano K, Feinleib M The relationship of dietary fat and cholesterol to mortality in 10 years: the Honolulu Heart Program. Int J Epidemiol 1985; 14: 97-105
    • (1985) Int J Epidemiol , vol.14 , pp. 97-105
    • McGee, D.1    Reed, D.2    Stemmerman, G.3    Rhoads, G.4    Yano, K.5    Feinleib, M.6
  • 96
    • 0022999338 scopus 로고
    • Dietary habits in relation to incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in women: a 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden
    • Lapidus L, Andersson H, Bengtsson C, Bosaeus I Dietary habits in relation to incidence of cardiovascular disease and death in women: a 12-year follow-up of participants in the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 44: 444-448
    • (1986) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 444-448
    • Lapidus, L.1    Andersson, H.2    Bengtsson, C.3    Bosaeus, I.4
  • 97
    • 0029008571 scopus 로고
    • Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease in the Physicians' Health Study: a prospective study
    • Morris MC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Buring JE, Willett WC, Hennekens CH Fish consumption and cardiovascular disease in the Physicians' Health Study: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 166-175
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.142 , pp. 166-175
    • Morris, M.1    Manson, J.2    Rosner, B.3    Buring, J.4    Willett, W.5    Hennekens, C.6
  • 98
    • 0027957527 scopus 로고
    • Fish consumption and risk of stroke: the Zutphen Study
    • Keli SO, Feskens JM, Kromhout D Fish consumption and risk of stroke: the Zutphen Study. Stroke 1994; 25: 328-332
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 328-332
    • Keli, S.1    Feskens, J.2    Kromhout, D.3
  • 99
    • 0002537712 scopus 로고
    • Tamura Y, Yoshida S. Clinical and epidemiological studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in Japan. In: Lands WEM, ed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids. Champaign, Ill.: American Oil Chemists' Society,
    • Hirai A, Terano T, Saito H, Tamura Y, Yoshida S. Clinical and epidemiological studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in Japan. In: Lands WEM, ed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids. Champaign, Ill.: American Oil Chemists' Society, 1987:9-24.
    • (1987) , pp. 9-24
    • Hirai, A.1    Terano, T.2    Saito, H.3
  • 100
    • 0023831640 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids
    • Leaf A, Weber PC Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 549-557
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 549-557
    • Leaf, A.1    Weber, P.2
  • 101
    • 0024407363 scopus 로고
    • Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity
    • Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL Beyond cholesterol: modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 915-924
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 915-924
    • Steinberg, D.1    Parthasarathy, S.2    Carew, T.3    Khoo, J.4    Witztum, J.5
  • 102
    • 0025189864 scopus 로고
    • Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide
    • Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J, Marshall PA, Freeman BA Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87: 1620-1624
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.87 , pp. 1620-1624
    • Beckman, J.1    Beckman, T.2    Chen, J.3    Marshall, P.4    Freeman, B.5
  • 103
    • 0017344779 scopus 로고
    • Superoxide production and reducing activity in human platelets
    • Marcus AJ, Silk ST, Safier LB, Ullman HL Superoxide production and reducing activity in human platelets. J Clin Invest 1977; 59: 149-158
    • (1977) J Clin Invest , vol.59 , pp. 149-158
    • Marcus, A.1    Silk, S.2    Safier, L.3    Ullman, H.4
  • 104
    • 0025572293 scopus 로고
    • 2-: implications for the action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
    • Saran M, Michel C, Bors W Reaction of NO with O2-: implications for the action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Free Radic Res 1990; 10: 221-226
    • (1990) Free Radic Res , vol.10 , pp. 221-226
    • Saran, M.1    Michel, C.2    Bors, W.3
  • 105
    • 0001260630 scopus 로고
    • Beta carotene therapy for chronic stable angina
    • abstract. Suppl III
    • Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Ridker PM, Buring JE, Hennekens CH Beta carotene therapy for chronic stable angina. Circulation 1990; 82: Suppl III: III-201 abstract.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. III-201
    • Gaziano, J.1    Manson, J.2    Ridker, P.3    Buring, J.4    Hennekens, C.5
  • 106
    • 0027275148 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, china: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population
    • Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor PR, Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, china: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1483-1492
    • (1993) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.85 , pp. 1483-1492
    • Blot, W.1    Li, J.2    Taylor, P.3
  • 107
    • 0010607277 scopus 로고
    • The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
    • The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1029-1035
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 1029-1035
  • 108
    • 0001205244 scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant vitamin consumption and incidence of stroke in women
    • abstract. Suppl
    • Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Antioxidant vitamin consumption and incidence of stroke in women. Circulation 1993; 87: Suppl: 1-1 abstract.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 1
    • Manson, J.1    Stampfer, M.2    Willett, W.3
  • 109
    • 0027393939 scopus 로고
    • Poor plasma status of carotene and vitamin C is associated with higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke: Basel Prospective Study
    • Gey KF, Stahelin HB, Eichholzer M Poor plasma status of carotene and vitamin C is associated with higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke: Basel Prospective Study. Clin Investig 1993; 71: 3-6
    • (1993) Clin Investig , vol.71 , pp. 3-6
    • Gey, K.1    Stahelin, H.2    Eichholzer, M.3
  • 110
    • 0023096480 scopus 로고
    • Serum selenium, vitamin antioxidants, and cardiovascular mortality: a 9-year follow-up study in the Netherlands
    • Kok FJ, de Bruijn AM, Vermeeren R, Serum selenium, vitamin antioxidants, and cardiovascular mortality: a 9-year follow-up study in the Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45: 462-468
    • (1987) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.45 , pp. 462-468
    • Kok, F.1    de Bruijn, A.2    Vermeeren, R.3
  • 111
    • 0028920708 scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men
    • Gillman MW, Cupples LA, Gagnon D, Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men. JAMA 1995; 273: 1113-1117
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1113-1117
    • Gillman, M.1    Cupples, L.2    Gagnon, D.3
  • 112
    • 0024406369 scopus 로고
    • Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study
    • Steering Committee of the Physicians' Health Study Research Group. Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians' Health Study. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 129-135
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 129-135
  • 113
    • 0001786459 scopus 로고
    • The Women's Health Study: rationale and background
    • Women's Health Study Research Group. The Women's Health Study: rationale and background. J Myocard Ischemia 1992; 4: 30-40
    • (1992) J Myocard Ischemia , vol.4 , pp. 30-40
  • 114
    • 84971579967 scopus 로고
    • Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. I. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients
    • [Erratum, BMJ 1994;308:1540.]
    • Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy. I. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994; 308: 81-106 [Erratum, BMJ 1994;308:1540.]
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 81-106
  • 115
    • 0028837190 scopus 로고
    • Drugs and surgery in the prevention of ischemic stroke
    • Barnett HJM, Eliasziw M, Meldrum HE Drugs and surgery in the prevention of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 238-248
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 238-248
    • Barnett, H.1    Eliasziw, M.2    Meldrum, H.3
  • 116
    • 0023845856 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors
    • Peto R, Gray R, Collins R, Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. BMJ 1988; 296: 313-316
    • (1988) BMJ , vol.296 , pp. 313-316
    • Peto, R.1    Gray, R.2    Collins, R.3
  • 117
    • 0025766535 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of aspirin use and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women
    • Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, A prospective study of aspirin use and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA 1991; 266: 521-527
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 521-527
    • Manson, J.1    Stampfer, M.2    Colditz, G.3
  • 118
    • 0024418625 scopus 로고
    • Aspirin use and chronic diseases: a cohort study of the elderly
    • Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK, Henderson BE Aspirin use and chronic diseases: a cohort study of the elderly. BMJ 1989; 299: 1247-1250
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.299 , pp. 1247-1250
    • Paganini-Hill, A.1    Chao, A.2    Ross, R.3    Henderson, B.4
  • 119
    • 0026607208 scopus 로고
    • Aspirin: dose and indications in modern stroke prevention
    • van Gijn J Aspirin: dose and indications in modern stroke prevention. Neurol Clin 1992; 10: 193-207
    • (1992) Neurol Clin , vol.10 , pp. 193-207
    • van Gijn, J.1
  • 120
    • 0024552324 scopus 로고
    • Sex difference in antithrombotic effect of aspirin
    • Spranger M, Aspey BS, Harrison MJG Sex difference in antithrombotic effect of aspirin. Stroke 1989; 20: 34-37
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 34-37
    • Spranger, M.1    Aspey, B.2    Harrison, M.3
  • 121
    • 0021874924 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: a critique of the epidemiologic studies
    • Realini JP, Goldzieher JW Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: a critique of the epidemiologic studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 729-798
    • (1985) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.152 , pp. 729-798
    • Realini, J.1    Goldzieher, J.2
  • 122
    • 0019797609 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease
    • Dalen JE, Hickler RB Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 1981; 101: 626-639
    • (1981) Am Heart J , vol.101 , pp. 626-639
    • Dalen, J.1    Hickler, R.2
  • 123
    • 0019779399 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease
    • Stadel BV Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 672-677
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.305 , pp. 672-677
    • Stadel, B.1
  • 124
    • 0021237511 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and stroke
    • Longstreth WT Jr, Swanson PD Oral contraceptives and stroke. Stroke 1984; 15: 747-750
    • (1984) Stroke , vol.15 , pp. 747-750
    • Longstreth, W.1    Swanson, P.2
  • 125
    • 0014962032 scopus 로고
    • Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives: a report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs
    • Inman WHW, Vessey MP, Westerhom B, Engelund A Thromboembolic disease and the steroidal content of oral contraceptives: a report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs. BMJ 1970; 2: 203-209
    • (1970) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 203-209
    • Inman, W.1    Vessey, M.2    Westerhom, B.3    Engelund, A.4
  • 126
    • 0020055794 scopus 로고
    • Effects of progestogens on the cardiovascular system
    • Meade TW Effects of progestogens on the cardiovascular system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 142: 776-780
    • (1982) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.142 , pp. 776-780
    • Meade, T.1
  • 127
    • 0027100468 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive use and cardiovascular disease: is the relationship real or due to study bias?
    • Katerndahl DA, Realini JP, Cohen PA Oral contraceptive use and cardiovascular disease: is the relationship real or due to study bias? J Fam Pract 1992; 35: 147-157
    • (1992) J Fam Pract , vol.35 , pp. 147-157
    • Katerndahl, D.1    Realini, J.2    Cohen, P.3
  • 129
    • 0024271232 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases
    • Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH A prospective study of past use of oral contraceptive agents and risk of cardiovascular diseases. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1313-1317
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 1313-1317
    • Stampfer, M.1    Willett, W.2    Colditz, G.3    Speizer, F.4    Hennekens, C.5
  • 130
    • 0021616215 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and stroke: findings in a large prospective study
    • Vessey MP, Lawless M, Yeates D Oral contraceptives and stroke: findings in a large prospective study. BMJ 1984; 289: 530-531
    • (1984) BMJ , vol.289 , pp. 530-531
    • Vessey, M.1    Lawless, M.2    Yeates, D.3
  • 131
    • 0026756390 scopus 로고
    • Fatal stroke and use of oral contraceptives: findings from a case-control study
    • Thorogood M, Mann J, Murphy M, Vessey M Fatal stroke and use of oral contraceptives: findings from a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 136: 35-45
    • (1992) Am J Epidemiol , vol.136 , pp. 35-45
    • Thorogood, M.1    Mann, J.2    Murphy, M.3    Vessey, M.4
  • 132
    • 0028272891 scopus 로고
    • Oral contraception and stroke: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study
    • Hannaford PC, Croft PR, Kay CR Oral contraception and stroke: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Stroke 1994; 25: 935-942
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 935-942
    • Hannaford, P.1    Croft, P.2    Kay, C.3
  • 133
    • 0025131602 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen and cardiovascular disease
    • Lobo RA Estrogen and cardiovascular disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 592: 286-294
    • (1990) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.592 , pp. 286-294
    • Lobo, R.1
  • 134
    • 0019415430 scopus 로고
    • Increased synthesis of aortic collagen and elastin in experimental atherosclerosis: inhibition by contraceptive steroids
    • Fischer GM, Cherian K, Swain ML Increased synthesis of aortic collagen and elastin in experimental atherosclerosis: inhibition by contraceptive steroids. Atherosclerosis 1981; 39: 463-467
    • (1981) Atherosclerosis , vol.39 , pp. 463-467
    • Fischer, G.1    Cherian, K.2    Swain, M.3
  • 135
    • 0019158169 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase activities by estradiol in rat aortic smooth muscle cells
    • Chang W-C, Nakao J, Orimo H, Murota S-I Stimulation of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase activities by estradiol in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1980; 620: 472-482
    • (1980) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.620 , pp. 472-482
    • Chang, W.-C.1    Nakao, J.2    Orimo, H.3    Murota, S.-I.4
  • 136
    • 0026458371 scopus 로고
    • Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women
    • Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1016-1037
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.117 , pp. 1016-1037
    • Grady, D.1    Rubin, S.2    Petitti, D.3
  • 137
    • 0027463811 scopus 로고
    • Decreased risk of stroke among postmenopausal hormone users: results from a national cohort
    • Finucane FF, Madans JH, Bush TL, Wolf PH, Kleinman JC Decreased risk of stroke among postmenopausal hormone users: results from a national cohort. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 73-79
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 73-79
    • Finucane, F.1    Madans, J.2    Bush, T.3    Wolf, P.4    Kleinman, J.5
  • 138
    • 0026500585 scopus 로고
    • Women's Health Initiative leads way as research begins to fill gender gaps
    • Cotton P Women's Health Initiative leads way as research begins to fill gender gaps. JAMA 1992; 267: 469-470
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 469-470
    • Cotton, P.1
  • 139
    • 84883490967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General: executive summary
    • Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1989. (DHHS publication no. (CDC) 89-8411.)
    • Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General: executive summary. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1989. (DHHS publication no. (CDC) 89-8411.)
  • 140
    • 0000498463 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of obesity: conventional programs and fad diets
    • In: Bjorntorp P, Brodoff BN, eds. Obesity. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott,
    • Dwyer JT. Treatment of obesity: conventional programs and fad diets. In: Bjorntorp P, Brodoff BN, eds. Obesity. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1992:662-76.
    • (1992) , pp. 662-676
    • Dwyer, J.T.1
  • 141
    • 0010995123 scopus 로고
    • Physical exercise in the treatment of obesity
    • In: Bjorntorp P, Brodoff BN, eds. Obesity. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott,
    • Bjorntorp P. Physical exercise in the treatment of obesity. In: Bjorntorp P, Brodoff BN, eds. Obesity. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1992:708-11.
    • (1992) , pp. 708-711
    • Bjorntorp, P.1
  • 142
    • 0028956459 scopus 로고
    • Healthy People 2000 at mid decade
    • McGinnis JM, Lee PR Healthy People 2000 at mid decade. JAMA 1995; 273: 1123-1129
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1123-1129
    • McGinnis, J.1    Lee, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.