Morphological adaptation to climate in modern and fossil hominids

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 37, Issue 19 S, 1994, Pages 65-107

  Ruff, Christopher B ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Ecogeographic rules; Human body form; Thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BODY POSITION; BODY POSTURE; CLIMATE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; HOMINID; HUMAN; REVIEW; THERMOREGULATION;

EID: 0028580229     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: 10968644     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330370605     Document Type: Article

References (202)

1. Metrical characters of a central Australian tribe
2. The influence of physical conditions on the genesis of species
3. Heat tolerance of Bantu and Pygmoid groups of the Zaire River basin
4. Body size and heat tolerance: A computer simulation
5. Hunting and gathering in tropical rain forest Is is possible?
6. Climate, culture, and evolution
7. Human biological variation as an adaptive response to the environment
8. Heat tolerance of exercising obese and lean women
9. Climatic factors in the evolution of human populations
10. Low levels of high‐affinity growth hormone‐binding protein in African pygmies
11. Head form and climatic stress
12. Climate and the evolution of brachycephalization
13. Brain size, cranial morphology, climate, and time machines
14. The endocast
15. Interob‐server measurement reliability in anthropometry
16. Uber die verhaltniesse der warmeokonomie der thiere zu ihrer grosse
17. L'homme fossile de La Chapelle‐aux‐Saints
18. Das Skelett einer weiblichen Efe‐Pygmae
19. Geological setting and age
20. Early Homo erectus skeleton from West Lake Turkana, Kenya
21. Effects of fitness, fatness, and age on men's responses to whole body cooling in air
22. Human nasal protrusion, latitude, and climate
23. The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution
24. Some oroblems of human variability and natural selection in climate and culture
25. A re‐survey of the morphology of the nose in relation to climate
26. The Trinil femora
27. Another look at the nose and the functional significance of the face and nasal mucous membrane for cooling the brain in fossil hominids
28. More on cool heads: reply to Wheeler
29. Possibility that Homo sapiens evolved independently 5 times is vanishingly small
30. Clinical calorimetry: A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known
31. On the principal characters of the femur of Pithecanthropus erectus
32. Physiological adaptations to thermal stress in tropical Asians
33. Role of surface area‐to‐mass ratio and work efficiency in heat intolerance
34. Population differences in growth. Environmental and genetic factors
35. Brain evolution in Homo: The “radiator” theory
36. Microstratigraphy and paleoenvironments
37. Stature estimates for some African Plio‐Pleistocene fossil hominids
38. The femuristature ratio and estimates of stature in mid‐ and late‐Pleistocene fossil hominids
39. Description of two skeletons of Akkas, a Pygmy race from central Africa
40. Neandertal mesosterna and noses: implications for activity and biogeographical patterning
41. Hindlimb skeletal allometry in Plio‐Pleistocene hominids with special reference to A.L. 288‐1 (“Lucy”)
42. Nasal morphology and the emergence of Homo erectus
43. Migration and the plasticity of physique in the Japanese‐Americans of Hawaii
44. Climate‐associated anthropometric variation between populations of the Niger bend
45. A comment on Wilbur's “Origin of human types.”
46. Nutrition, growth, development, and maturation: Findings from the ten‐state nutrition survey of 1968–1970
47. Some an‐thropometric and functional dimensions of the pygmy (Kivu Twa)
48. Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny
49. Climate and the evolution of skull metrics in man
50. The adaptive significances of intraspecific trends of variation in wing length and body size among bird species
51. Responses of native and migrant desert residents to arid heat
52. Human heat tolerance: Biological and cultural adaptations
53. Climatic physiology
54. A comparison of the shoulder‐hip‐width sexual dimorphism in sub‐Saharan Africa and Europe
55. The correlations between anthropobiological and climatic variables in sub‐Saharan Africa: Revised estimates
56. Climate and the weightheight relationship in sub‐Saharan Africa
57. Secular trends in body proportions and composition
58. Limbitrunk proportions in Neandertals and early anatomically modern humans
59. The adaptive significance of Polynesian body form
60. The distribution of man
61. The evolution of human bipedality: ecology and functional morphology
62. The usefulness of Scholander's views on adaptive insulation of animals
63. Climate and the hominid post‐cranial skeleton in Wurm and early Holocene Europe
64. Evolution in the postcranial skeleton of Late Glacial and early Postglacial European hominids
65. Morphology of the Pliocene partial hominid skeleton (A.L. 288–1) from the Hadar formation, Ethiopia
66. Pliocene hominids from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia (1973–1977): Stratigraphic, chronologic, and paleoenvironmental contexts, with notes on hominid morphology and systematics
67. Anthropometric variation of native American children and adults
68. Lucy's length: Stature reconstruction in Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288–1) with implications for other small‐bodied hominids
69. Scaling of hominoid femoral head size and the evolution of hominid bipedalism
70. A pygmy perspective on body size and shape in Australopithcus afarensis (AL 288–1, “Lucy”)
71. Body proportions, skeletal allometry and locomotion in the Hadar hominids: A reply to Wolpoff
72. Metabolic and thermal responses of women during cooling in water
73. Human biological adaptability: The ecological approach in physical anthropology
74. The Alaskan gateway viewed from the Aleutian Islands
75. Das skelett der Ituri‐Bambuti (Die Bambuti‐Pygmäen vom Ituri, P. Schebesta)
76. Geographical character gradients and climactic adaptation
77. Thermal adjustment to cold water exposure in resting men and women
78. New estimates of body weight in early hominids and their significance to encephalization and megadontia in “robust” Australopithecines
79. How big were early hominids?
80. Behavioral ecological implications of early hominid body size
81. What is remarkable about varieties of man is likenesses, not differences
82. The applications of ecological rules to the racial anthropology of the aboriginal new world
83. Adaptation of man to cold climates
84. Adaptations in the physique of American aborigines to nutritional factors
85. Biological adaptation of man to his environment: Heat, cold, altitude, and nutrition
86. Why man is such a sweaty and thirsty naked animal: A speculative review
87. Human adaptation to heat
88. The estimation of body weight for Neanderthals and early anatomically modern humans
89. The stature of Australopithecus
90. Morphological, physical and etho‐ecological adaptations of Oto and Twa women living in the equatorial forest (Tumba Lake, Zaire)
91. Sweat and thermoregulation in hominids. Comments prompted by the publications of P.E. Wheeler 1984–1993
92. Kebara 2 neanderthal pelvis: First look at a complete inlet
93. The application of Bergmann's and Allen's rules to the poikilotherms
94. Studien uber klimatische paral‐lelitat der merkmalauspragung bei vogeln und saugern
95. The role of body mass in thermoregulation
96. Body size and encephalization in Homo erectus
97. Body weight, race and climate
98. The effect of body size upon energy exchange in work
99. Physiological adjustments to heat
100. Climate, body size and body shape in hominid evolution
101. Climatic adaptation and hominid evolution: The thermoregulatory imperative
102. Evolution of the pelvis in Homo
103. Body size and body shape
104. Articular and diaphyseal remodeling of the proximal femur with changes in body mass in adults
105. Postcranial robusticity in Homo, I: Temporal trends and mechanical interpretation
106. Eine rekonstruktion des skelettes von A.L. 288‐1 (Hadar) und deren konsequenzen
107. Evolution of climatic adaptation in homeotherms
108. Climatic rules
109. Geographical distribution of the body‐weightibody‐surface ratio
110. Anatomical factors of body‐heat regulation
111. Ecological rules, body‐heat regulation, and human evolution
112. Proportions, variability and asymmetries of the long bones of the limbs and the clavicles in man and apes
113. Physiological responses of men and women to humid and dry heat
114. Habitat preference and paleoecology of Australopithecus boisei in Eastern Africa
115. The costs of being a predator
116. Physique and heat tolerance in hot‐dry and hot‐humid environments
117. The Baldwin effect
118. Migration and hominid hipedalism
119. Cooling rates of young people swimming in cold water
120. Skinfolds and resting heat loss in cold air and water: temperature equivalence
121. Human adaptation to cold
122. Adaptive strategies of human populations under nutritional stress
123. Variation in body size and shape among South American Indians
124. Natural state of heat acclimatization of different ethnic groups
125. Variation in pelvic size between males and females
126. Commonalities in dimorphism and variability in the anthropoid pelvis, with implications for the fossil record
127. The obstetric pelvis of A.L. 288‐1 (Lucy)
128. Secular trend of female body shape in Japan
129. Population differences in body size, shape, and growth rate
130. Increase in length of leg relative to trunk in Japanese children and adults from 1957 to 1977: Comparison with British and with Japanese Americans
131. The correlation of isotherms with variations in the nasal index
132. Man's nasal index in relation to certain climatic conditions
133. The negative secular trend
134. Physiological adjustments of man to the cold
135. Effects of body mass and morphology on thermal responses in water
136. Neanderthal limb proportions and cold adaptation
137. The Neanderthals and modern human origins
138. Les hommes fossiles de la Grotte de Shanidar, Irak: Evolution et continuite parmi les hommes archalques tardifs du Proche‐Orient
139. Brain size in post‐habiline archaic Homo
140. Estimation of stature from long bones of American whites and Negroes
141. A re‐evaluation of estimation of stature based on measurements of stature taken during life and of long bones after death
142. The solar radiation area in man
143. Thermolu‐minescence dating of Mousterian 'Proto‐Cro‐Magnon' remains from Israel and the origin of modern man
144. La ceinture scapulaire et les memhres supérieur
145. The new‐born pigmy and his mother
146. Early hominids in Southern Africa: Updated observations on chronological and ecological background
147. Late Pliocene climactic events and hominid evolution
148. Reconstruction of the pelvis
149. Korperbauform und Klima
150. Age of Lucy and the first family: Single‐crystal 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Denen Dora and lower Kada Hadar members of the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia
151. The study of race
152. The extremity bones of Sinanthropus pekinensis
153. Nose shape and climate
154. The history of the human adaptability section
155. The evolution of bipedality and loss of functional body hair in hominids
156. The loss of functional body hair in man: The influence of thermal environment, body form and bipedality
157. The thermoregulatory advantages of hominid bipedalism in open equatorial environments: the contribution of increased convective heat loss and cutaneous evauorative cooling
158. The influence of bipedalism on the energy and water budgets of early hominids
159. The thermoregulatory advantages of large body size for hominids foraging in savannah environments
160. The influence of the loss of functional body hair on the water budgets of early hominids
161. The influence of stature and body form on hominid energy and water budgets; a comparison of Australopithecus and early Homo physiques
162. The thermoregulatory advantages of heat storage and shade‐seeking behaviour to hominids foraging in equatorial savannah environments
163. The comparative biology of “robust” Australopithecus: Clues from context
164. Physiological regulations and the origin of human types
165. Heat reactions of US students during a multitemperature test
166. Climatic influence on the skeletal nasal aperture
167. Lucy's little legs
168. Origin and evolution of the genus Homo
169. Reactions to heat of Aborigines and Caucasians
170. Reactions to heat of Arabs and Caucasians
171. Relation between VO, and body temperature in hot humid air conditions