The National Conferences in Benin and Togo Revisited

The Journal of Modern African Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 1994, Pages 429-447

  Nwajiaku, Kathryn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SOCIETY; DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION; NATIONAL CONFERENCE;

BENIN; TOGO;

EID: 0028551982     PISSN: 0022278X     EISSN: 14697777     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X00015172     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Benin and Congo, February 1990; Gabon, March 1990; Zaire, February 1991; Togo, July/August 1991; Niger, July 1992; and Chad, January 1993.
2. Larry Diamond, ‘Ex Africa… A New Spirit Has Loosened the Grip of African Dictatorial Rule’, in Times Literary Supplement (London), 2 July 1993, p. 3.
3. John R. Heilbrunn, ‘Social Origins of National Conferences in Benin and Togo’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 31, 2, June 1993, pp. 277-99.
4. Michael Bratton and Nicolas. van de Walle, ‘Popular Protest and Political Reform in Africa’, Department of Political Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 4 December 1990.
5. Patrick Chabal (ed.), Political Domination in Africa reflections on the limits of power (Cambridge 1986).
6. See also Jean-Francois Bayart, ‘La Revanche des societes africaines’, in Bayart, Achille Mbembe, and Comi M. Toulabor (eds.), Le Politique par le has en Aftique noire: contributions a une problematique de la democratie (Paris, 1992), especially pp. 9-23
7. Comi M. Toulabor, Le Togo sous Eyadema (Paris, 1986).
8. Heilbrunn, Le Togo sous Eyadema p. 298.
9. Francis Kpatindé, ‘Mathieu Kérékou au pied du mur’, in Jeune Afrique (Paris), 1521, 26 February 1990.
10. Robert Pollard, ‘La Démocratic ambigue’, in Année africaine, 1992-1993, (Paris, 1993), pp. 17-57
11. Pierre Moukoko Mbongo, ‘Régimes militaires et transitions démocratiques en Afrique: à la recherche d’un cadre d’analyse théorique’, in Afrique 2000: revue africaine de la politique Internationale (Geneva), 13, May 1993, pp. 39-60
12. According to John R. Heilbrunn, ‘The National Conference as a Democratising Process: a comparison of Benin and Togo’, Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, September 1992, pp. 14-15
13. Chris Allen, ‘Restructuring an Authoritarian State: the limits of democratic renewal in Benin’, Political Association Conference, Edinburgh, June 1991, pp. 10-15
14. Laurent Zepka and Antonin Dossou, ‘L’Impact du contre-choc pétrolier au Nigeria sur I’économie béninoise’, in Revue tiers-monde (Paris), 120, October-November 1989, pp. 893-905.
15. T. E. Vittin, ‘Bénin: du systeme Kérékou au renouveau démocratique’, in Jean-François Médard (ed.), états d’Afrique noire: formations, méchanismcs et crises (Paris, 1992), pp. 93-115.
16. Cudjoe Kpor, ‘Festive Moment?’, in West Africa (London), 23-29 April 1990, p. 666.
17. Abdoulaye Niandou-Souley, ‘Grise des authoritarianismes militaires et renouveau politique en Afrique de l’ouest. étude comparative: Bénin, Mali, Niger, Togo’, Doctoral thesis, Institut d’études politiques, Centre d’étude d’Afrique noire, Bordeaux I, 1991-2, Tome 1, PP. 184-5.
18. Comi M. Toulabor, ‘Jeu de mots, jeu de vilains: léxique de la dérision politique au Togo’, in Bayart, Mbembe, and Toulabor (eds.), Centre d’étude d’Afrique noire, Bordeaux I, 1991-2 pp. 101-31
19. T. E. Vittin, ‘Crise renouveau et mutations du paysage médiatique au Bénin’, in Afrique 2000, May 1992, pp. 37-59.
20. Heilbrunn, ‘The National Conference as a Democratising Process’, pp. 7-11.
21. Jean-François Bayart, The State in Africa: the politics of the belly (London, 1993 edn.), p. 240
22. Toulabor, The State in Africa: the politics of the be p. 12.
23. Achille Mbembe, ‘Pouvoir, violence et accumulation’, in Bayart, Mbembe, and Toulabor (eds.), The State in Africa: the politics of the be pp. 233-56.
24. Niandou-Souley, The State in Africa: the politics of the be Tome II, ‘La Pyrocratie’ pp. 302-6.
25. See also Comi M. Toulabor, ‘La Dérision politique en liberte à Lomé’, in Politique africaine (Paris), 43, October 1991, pp. 36-41.
26. Achille Mbembe, ‘Diagnostiques sur le dérapages de la transition démocratique en Afrique noire’, in Afrique 2000, 12, February 1993, pp. 57-65.
27. Didier Bigo, ‘La Délégitimation des pouvoirs: entre politique du ventre et démocratic’, in Gérard Conac (ed.), L’Afrique en transition vers le pluralisms politique (Paris, 1993), pp. 155-63.
28. Bayart, ‘La Revanche des sociétés africaines’, and Jean-François Bayart, ‘La Problématique de la démocratic en Afrique noire: La Baule et après’, in Politique africaine, 43, October 1991, pp. 5-22.
29. Francis Laloupo, ‘La Conference nationale du Bénin: un concept nouveau de changement de régime politique’, in Année africaine, 1992-1993, p. 100.
30. Thomas M. Callaghy, ‘Lost Between State and Market: the politics of economic adjustment in Ghana, Zambia, and Nigeria’, in Joan M. Nelson (ed.), Economic Crisis and Policy Choice (Princeton, 1990), pp. 257-62
31. Daniel Bourmaud and Patrick Quantin, ‘Sur Mesure et pret-à-porter: les conférences nationales en Afrique noire, 1990-91’, p. ii
32. Agence France Presse, 20 June 1990.
33. H. Sada, ‘Chaillot n’est pas La Baule’, in Jeune Afrique, 27 November-3 December 1991.
34. Agence France Presse, 25 December 1992. Charles Pasqua is now Minister of the Interior in Edouard Balladur's RPR Government in France.
35. Marc Pilon, ‘La Transition togolaise dans l’impasse’, in Politique africaine, 49, March 1993, pp. 136—41.
36. Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens, 26 June 1992.
37. Allen, Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens, 26 June 1992. pp. 14-15. Adrien Houngbedji was renowned for his ‘pledging practices.’
38. Marches tropkaux et méditerranéens, 19 March 1991
39. ‘Transition exemplaire au Bénin, in Jeune Afrique, 1579, 3-9 April 1991.
40. J. Tomakpleconou, ‘Et si M. Kérékou revenait… et la CN?’ in La Croix (Cotonou), 553, 15 March 1991, quoted by Vittin
41. ‘Benin’, in La Croix (Cotonou) p. III.
42. Thomas M. Callaghy comments on the dangers of democracy being viewed as thesubstance not the form of political life, in ‘Politics and Vision in Africa: the interplay of domination, equality and liberty’, in Chabal (ed.)
43. Pollard, ‘Politics and Vision in Africa: the interplay of domination, equality and liberty’, p. 17.
44. Chris Allen, ‘“Goodbye to All That”: the short sad story of socialism in Benin’, Conference on ‘Marxism's Retreat from Africa’, University of Birmingham, 1992.
45. Callaghy, ‘Lost Between State and Market’, pp. 257-319.
46. Vittin, ‘Crise renouveau’, ‘Lost Between State and Market’ pp. 37-59.