Influence of oceanic whitecaps on atmospheric correction of ocean-color sensors

Applied Optics

Volumn 33, Issue 33, 1994, Pages 7754-7763

  Gordon, Howard R ^a   Wang, Menghua ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS; LIGHT SCATTERING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OCEANOGRAPHY;

AEROSOL SCATTERING; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; OCEANIC WHITECAPS; SEA VIEWING WIDE FIELD OF VIEW SENSOR; SPECTRAL SIGNATURE; WHITECAP REFLECTANCE;

SENSORS;

AEROSOL SCATTERING; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION ALGORITHM; ATMOSPHERIC-CORRECTION ALGORITHM; OCEANIC WHITECAP; SCATTEROMETERS; SEAWIFS; WIND SPEED;

EID: 0028547922     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.33.007754     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. S. B. Hooker, W. E. Esaias, G. C. Feldman, W. W. Gregg, and C. R. McClain, "SeaWiFS technical report series: Vol. 1, an overview of SeaWiFS and ocean color," NASA Tech. Memo. 104566 (NASA, Washington, D.C., 1992).
2. V. V. Salomonson, W. L. Barnes, P. W. Maymon, H. E. Montgomery, and H. Ostrow, "MODIS: advanced facility instrument for studies of the Earth as a system," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 27, 145-152 (1989).
3. W. A. Hovis, D. K. Clark, F. Anderson, R. W. Austin, W. H. Wilson, E. T. Baker, D. Ball, H. R. Gordon, J. L. Mueller, S. Y. E. Sayed, B. Strum, R. C. Wrigley, and C. S. Yentsch, "Nimbus 7 coastal zone color scanner: system description and initial imagery," Science 210, 60-63 (1980).
4. H. R. Gordon, D. K. Clark, J. L. Mueller, and W. A. Hovis, "Phytoplankton pigments derived from the Nimbus-7 CZCS: initial comparisons with surface measurements," Science 210, 63-66(1980).
5. H. R. Gordon and M. Wang, "Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with SeaWiFS: a preliminary algorithm," Appl. Opt. 33, 443-452 (1994).
6. P. Y. Deschamps, M. Herman, and D. Tanre, "Modeling of the atmospheric effects and its application to the remote sensing of ocean color," Appl. Opt. 22, 3751-3758 (1983).
7. H. R. Gordon, J. W. Brown, and R. H. Evans, "Exact Rayleigh scattering calculations for use with the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner," Appl. Opt. 27, 862-871 (1988).
8. W. M. Balch, P. M. Holligan, S. G. Ackleson, and K. J. Voss, "Biological and optical properties of mesoscale coccolithophore blooms in the Gulf of Maine," Limnol. Oceanogr. 34, 629-643 (1991).
9. E. P. Shettle and R. W. Fenn, "Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their optical properties," AFGL-TR-79-0214 (U.S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscomb Air Force Base, Mass., 1979).
10. D. C. Blanchard, "Whitecaps at sea," J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 645 (1971).
11. E. C. Monahan, "Oceanic whitecaps," J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1, 139-144 (1971).
12. Y. Toba and M. Chaen, "Quantitative expression of the breaking of wind waves on the sea surface," Rec. Oceanogr. Works Jpn. 12, 1-11 (1973).
13. D. B. Ross and V. Cardone, "Observations of oceanic whitecaps and their relation to remote measurement of surface wind speed," J. Geophys. Res. 79, 444-452 (1974).
14. J. Wu, "Oceanic whitecaps and sea state," J. Phys. Oceanogr. 9, 1064-1068 (1979).
15. E. C. Monahan and I. G. OMuircheartaigh, "Optimal powerlaw description of oceanic whitecap coverage dependence on wind speed," J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10, 2094-2099 (1980).
16. E. C. Monahan, "Fresh water whitecaps," J. Atmos. Sci. 26, 1026-1029 (1969).
17. E. C. Monahan and I. G. O'Muircheartaigh, "Whitecaps and the passive remote sensing of the ocean surface," Int. J. Remote Sensing 7, 627-642 (1986).
18. R. S. Bortkovskii, Air-Sea Exchange of Heat and Moisture During Storms (Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1987).
19. C. H. Whitlock, D. S. Bartlett, and R. A. Gurganus, "Sea foam reflectance and influence on optimum wavelength for remote sensing of ocean aerosols," Geophys. Res. Lett. 7, 719-722 (1982).
20. P. J. Stabeno and E. C. Monahan, "The influence of whitecaps on the albedo of the sea surface," in Oceanic Whitecaps, E. C. Monahan and G. M. Niocaill, eds. (Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1986), pp. 261-266.
21. P. Koepke, "Effective reflectance of oceanic whitecaps," Appl. Opt. 23, 1816-1824 (1984).
22. H. R. Gordon and D. K. Clark, "Clear water radiances for atmospheric correction of coastal zone color scanner imagery," Appl. Opt. 20, 4175-4180 (1981).
23. J. Hsiung, "Mean surface energy fluxes over the global ocean," J. Geophys. Res. 91, 10585-10606 (1986).
24. H. R. Gordon, O. B. Brown, R. H. Evans, J. W. Brown, R. C. Smith, K. S. Baker, and D. K. Clark, "A semi-analytic radiance model of ocean color," J. Geophys. Res. 93, 10909-10924 (1988).
25. S. Chandrasekhar, Radiative Transfer (Oxford U. Press, Oxford, 1950).
26. H. R. Gordon, D. K. Clark, J. W. Brown, O. B. Brown, R. H. Evans, and W. W. Broenkow, "Phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Middle Atlantic Bight: comparison between ship determinations and Coastal Zone Color Scanner estimates," Appl. Opt. 22, 20-36 (1983).
27. D. Tanre, M. Herman, P. Y. Deschamps, and A. de Leffe, "Atmospheric modeling for space measurements of ground reflectances, including bidirectional properties," Appl. Opt. 18, 3587-3594 (1979).
28. K. M. Case, "Transfer problems and the reciprocity principle," Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 651-663 (1957).