Initial and recurrent bleeding are the major causes of death following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Stroke

Volumn 25, Issue 7, 1994, Pages 1342-1347

  Broderick, Joseph P ^a   Brott, Thomas G ^a   Duldner, John E ^b   Tomsick, Thomas ^a   Leach, Alan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b METROHEALTH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Mortality; Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE;

AGED; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; RECURRENCE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE;

EID: 0028365713     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: 15244628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.25.7.1342     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Kassell NF, Torner JC, Haley EC, Jane JA, Actams HP, Kongable GL, and participants. The international cooperative study on the timing of aneurysm surgery, I:overall management results. J Neurosurg. 1990;73:18-36.
2. Kassell NF, Torner JC, Jane JA, Haley EC, Actams HP, and participants. The international cooperative study on the timing of aneurysm surgery, II:surgical results. J Neurosurg. 1990;73:37-47.
3. Allen GS, Ahn HS, Preziosi TJ, Battye R, Boone SC, Chou SN, Kelly DL, Weir BK, Crabbe RA, Lavik PJ, Rosenbloom SB, Dorsey FC, Ingram CR, Mellits DE, Bertsch LA, Boisvert PJ, Hundley MB, Johnson RK, Strom JA, Transou CR. Cerebral arterial spasm:a controlled trial of nimodipine in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:619-624.
4. Petruk KC, West M, Mohr G, Weir BK, Benoit BG, Gentili F, Disney LB, Khan MI, Grace M, Holness RO, Karwon MS, Ford RM, Cameron GS, Tucker WS, Purves GB, Miller JD, Hunter KM, Richard MT, Durity FA, Chan R, Clein LJ, Maroun FB, Godon A. Nimodipine treatment in poor-grade aneurysm patients. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:505-517.
5. Öhman J, Heiskanen O. Effects of nimodipine on the outcome of patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and surgery. Neurosurgery. 1988;69:683-686.
6. Jan M, Buchheit F, Tremoulet M. Therapeutic trial of intravenous nimodipine in patients with established cerebral vasospasm after rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 1988;23:154-157.
7. Pickard JD, Murray GD, Illingworth R, Shaw MDM, Teasdale GM, Foy PM, Humphrey PRD, Lang DA, Nelson R, Richards P, Sinar J, Bailey S, Skene A. Effects of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage:British aneurysm nimodipine trial. Br Med J. 1989;298:636-642.
8. Broderick JP, Brott T, Tomsick T, Huster G. Miller R. The risk of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages in blacks as compared with whites. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:733-736.
9. Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Davis JM. Relations of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomo-graphic scanning. Neurosurgery. 1980;6:l-9.
10. Teasdale GM. A universal subarachnoid haemorrhage scale:report of a committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:1457. Letter.
11. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Warlow C, Slattery J. Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke. 1989;20:828. Letter.
12. Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc. 1958;53:457-481.
13. Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. In:The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Lyon, France:International Urgency for Research on Cancer;1980;11.
14. Whisnant JP, Sacco SE, O’Fallon WM, Fode NC, Sundt TM. Referral bias in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1993;78:726-732.
15. Longstreth WT, Nelson LM, Koepsell TD, van Belle G. Clinical course of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage:a population-based study in King County, Washington. Neurology. 1993;43:712-718.
16. Ingall TJ, Whisnant JP, Wiebers DO, O’Fallon WM. Has there been a decline in subarachnoid hemorrhage mortality? Stroke. 1989;20:718-724.
17. Fogelholm R, Hernesniemi J, Vapalahti M. Impact of early surgery on outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage:a population-based study. Stroke. 1993;24:1649-1654.
18. Bamford J, Dennis M, Sandercock P, Burn J, Warlow C. The frequency, causes and timing of death within 30 days of a first stroke:the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990;53:16-22.
19. Longstreth WT, Nelson LM, Koepsell TD, van Belle G. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 1992;23:1242-1249.
20. Knekt P, Reunanen A, Aho K, Heliövaara M, Rissanen A, Aromaa A, Impivaara O. Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage in a longitudinal population study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:933-939.
21. Bonita R. Cigarette smoking, hypertension and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage:a population-based case-control study. Stroke. 1986;17:831-835.
22. Ljunggren B, Säveland H, Brandt L, Uski T. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage:total annual outcome in a 1.46 million population. Surg Neurol. 1984;22:435-438.
23. Rosendorn J, Eskesen V, Schmidt D, Ronde F. The risk of rebleeding from ruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1987;67:329-332.
24. Ljunggren B, Säveland H, Brandt L, Zygmunt S. Early operation and overall outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1985;62:547-551.
25. Vermeulen M, van Gijn J, Hijdra A, van Crevel H. Causes of acute deterioration in patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Neurosurg. 1984;60:935-939.
26. Maurice-Williams RS. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms:has the incidence of early rebleeding been over-estimated? Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45:774-779.
27. Hillman J, Von Essen C, Waclaw L, Ingegerd J. Significance of "ultra-early" rebleeding in subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:901-907.
28. Brott T, Mandybur TI. Case-control study of clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 1986;19:891-895.
29. Broderick JP, Brott T, Tomsick T, Miller R, Huster G. Intracerebral hemorrhage more than twice as common as subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 1993;78:188-191.