Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a population over the age of 65 years: Results from the starnberg study on epidemiology of parkinsonism and hypertension in the elderly (stephy)

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 1994, Pages 709-716

  Trenkwalder, Peter ^a   Ruland, Dieter ^a   Stender, Monika ^b   Gebhard, Jutta ^a   Trenkwalder, Claudia ^c   Lydtin, Helmut ^a   Hense, Hans Werner ^b  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Awareness; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular risk factors; Epidemiology of hypertension; Hypertension in the elderly; Isolated systolic hypertension; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT;

AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SITTING; SPHYGMOMANOMETER; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION;

EID: 0028357028     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: 14735598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199406000-00012     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Amery A, Birkenhäger W, Brixko P, Bulpitt C, Clement D, Deruyterre M, et al.: Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on high blood pressure in the elderly trial. Lancet 1985, i:1349–1354.
2. Dahlöf B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Scherstén B, Ekbom T, Wester PO: Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet 1991, 338:1281–1285.
3. Medical Research Council (MRC) Working Party: Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. BMJ 1992, 304:405–412.
4. Bots ML, Grobbee DE, Hofman A: High blood pressure in the elderly. Epidemiol Rev 1991, 13:294–314.
5. Applegate WB, Rutan GH: Advances in management of hypertension in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992, 40:1164–1174.
6. Coope J, Warrender TS: Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. BMJ 1986, 293:1145–1151.
7. SHEP Cooperative Research Group: Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991, 255:3255–3264.
8. Joint National Committee: The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med 1993, 153:154–183.
9. Nhanes II (National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey II): 1976–1980: Blood pressure levels in persons 18–74 years of age. National Health Survey Series, Ser 11, no 234. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics; 1986.
10. Holzgreve H, von Zedtwitz-Arnim M, Middeke M: Prevalence data of hypertension in the Federal Republic of Germany—trend development in the past decade [in German]. In Control of Arterial Hypertension in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Edited by Hofman H, Schrey A. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 1986:21–30.
11. Shaper AG, Popcock SJ, Walker M, Cohen NM, Wale CJ, Thomson AG: British Regional Heart Study: cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns. BMJ 1981, 283:179–186.
12. Magrini F, Reggiani P: Epidemiology of hypertension in Europe. Eur Heart J 1992,(suppl H):27–34.
13. Stieber J, Döring A, Keil U: Frequency, level of knowledge and level of treatment of hypertension in a city population. Results of the First Munich Blood Pressure Study [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1982, 124:747–752.
14. Keil U, Döring A, Stieber J: Community studies in the Federal Republic of Germany. In Mild Hypertension: Recent Advances. Edited by Gross F, Strasser T. New York: Raven Press; 1983:63–33.
15. Keil U, Remmers A, Chambless L, Hense HW, Stieber J, Lauck A: Epidemiology of high blood pressure. Frequency, distribution, level of knowledge and level of treatment of hypertension in the Hanseatic town Lübeck. Results of the Lübeck Blood Pressure Study and comparison of the data with the Munich Blood Pressure Study [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1986, 128:424–429.
16. Stieber J, Hense HW, Döring A, Filipiak-Pitroff B, Tietze M, Gostomzyk J, et al.: Cardiovascular risk profile: temporal data from the MONICA study region Augsburg (1984/85 versus 1989/90) [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1991, 133:370–375.
17. Hense HW, Stieber J, Filipiak B, Keil U: Five-year changes in population blood pressure and hypertension prevalence. Results from the MONICA Augsburg Surveys 1984/85 and 1989/90. Ann Epidemiol 1993, 3:410–416.
18. Franke H, Bracharz H, Gall L: Heart and circulation through the centuries [in German]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1973, 115:85–94.
19. Schmahl FW, von Karsa L, Kästner P, Burkard B, Heckers H: Testing the risk factor hypothesis of arteriosclerotic disease: the risk factor profile of people reaching very old age. In Problems and Perspectives of Preventive and So-cial Medicine. Edited by Schmahl FW. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 1990:137–152.
20. O’Brien E, Mee F, Atkins N, O'Malley K: Inaccuracy of the Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer. Lancet 1990, 336:1465–1468.
21. Petrie JC, O’Brien ET, Littler WA, de Swiet M, On behalf of the British Hypertension Society: Recommendations on blood pressure measurement. BMJ 1986, 293:611–615.
22. American Society of Hypertension: Recommendations for routine blood pressure measurement by indirect cuff sphyg-momanometry. Am J Hypertens 1992, 5:207–209.
23. World Health Organization: Arterial hypertension: report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1978, 628:7–56.
24. Who Monica Project Principal Investigators, prepared by Tunstall-Pedoe H: The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. J Clin Epidemiol 1988, 41:105–114.
25. Keil U, Stieber J, Döring A, Chambless L, Härtel U, Filipiak B, et al.: The cardiovascular risk factor profile in the study area Augsburg. Results from the first MONICA survey 1984/85. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1988, 728:119–128.
26. Gardner MJ, Altman DG: Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. BMJ 1986, 292:746–750.
27. Master AM, Lasser RP, Jaffe HL: Blood pressure in white people over 65 years of age. Ann Intern Med 1958, 48:284–299.
28. Bulpitt CJ: Definition, prevalence and incidence of hypertension in the elderly. In Handbook of Hypertension, vol 12: Hypertension in the Elderly. Edited by Amery A, Staessen J. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1989:153–169.
29. Staessen J, Amery A, Fagard R: Isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly [editorial review]. J Hypertens 1990, 8:393–405.
30. Joffres MR, Hamet P, Rabkin SW, Gelskey D, Hogan K, Fodor G: Prevalence, control and awareness of high blood pressure among Canadian adults. Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group. Can Med Assoc J 1992, 146:1997–2005.
31. Sprafka JM, Burke GL, Folsom AR, Leupker RV, Blackburn H: Continued decline in cardiovascular risk factors: results of the Minnesota Heart Survey, 1980–1982 and 1985–1987. Am J Epidemiol 1990, 132:489–500.
32. Pickering TG, James GD, Boddie C, Harshfield GA, Blank S, Laragh JH: How common is white coat hypertension? JAMA 1988, 259:225–228.
33. Trenkwalder P, Plaschke M, Steffes-Tremer I, Lydtin H: White coat hypertension and alerting reaction in elderly and very elderly hypertensive patients. Blood Pressure 1993, 2:262–271.
34. Kannel WB, Stokes J III: Hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor. In Handbook of Hypertension, vol 6: Epidemiology of Hypertension. Edited by Bulpitt CJ. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1985:15–34.
35. Stokes J III, Kannel WB, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, Cupples LA: Blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study—30 years of follow-up. Hypertension 1989,(suppl 1):I13–I18.
36. Middeke M, von Zedtwitz-Arnim M, Henkel R, Schreiber MA, Keil U, Krahl B, et al.: Epidemiology of hypertension [in German]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1986, 128:840–843.
37. Epidemiology of Hypertension [in German]. Heidelberg: Deutsche Liga zur Bekämpfung des hohen Blutdruckes; 1991.
38. Armitage P, Rose GA: The variability of measurements of casual blood pressure, 1. A laboratory study. Clin Sci 1966, 30:325–335.
39. Recommendations Concerning Practical Aspects of the Treatment of Hypertension and the Treatment of Hypertensive Emergencies [in German]. Heidelberg: Deutsche Liga zur Bekämpfung des hohen Blutdruckes; 1992.
40. Gross F: Drug utilization—theory and practice. The present situation in the Federal Republic of Germany. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981, 19:387–394.
41. Hense HW, Tennis P: Changing patterns of antihypertensive drug use in a German population between 1984 and 1987. Results of a population based cohort study in the Federal Republic of Germany. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990, 39:1–7.
42. Fotherby MD, Harper GD, Potter JF: General practitioners’ management of hypertension in elderly patients. BMJ 1992, 305:750–752.
43. Ray WA, Schaffner W, Oates JA: Therapeutic choice in the treatment of hypertension. Initial treatment of newly diagnosed hypertension and secular trends in the prescribing of antihypertensive medications for medicaid patients. Am J Med 1986,(suppl 6C):9–16.
44. Lydtin H, Trenkwalder P: Pharmacological effects of calcium antagonists—cardiovascular system. In Calcium-Antagonists. A Critical Review. Heidelberg: Springer; 1990:29–52.