New advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 1994, Pages 65-72

  Yen, Paul M ^a   Chin, William W ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; LIOTHYRONINE; LYSOZYME; MESSENGER RNA; NUCLEAR PROTEIN; PALINDROMIC DNA; PROGESTERONE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE; RETINOIC ACID; THYROID HORMONE; THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR; THYROXINE;

ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING; DIMERIZATION; GENE MUTATION; GENE TARGETING; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE RECEPTOR INTERACTION; HORMONE RESISTANCE; HORMONE RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; HUMAN; LIGAND BINDING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DNA BINDING; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; RAT; REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 0028296032     PISSN: 10432760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/1043-2760(94)90004-3     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Thyroid hormone alters the DNA binding properties of chicken thyroid hormone receptors α and β
2. The conserved ninth C-terminal heptad in thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors mediates diverse responses by affecting heterodimer but not homodimer formation
3. Modular structure of a chicken lysozyme silencer: involvement of an unusual thyroid hormone receptor binding site
4. Kindred S thyroid hormone receptor is an active and constitutive silencer and a repressor for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid responses.
5. Mutations of the rat growth hormone promoter which increase and decrease response to thyroid hormone define a consensus thyroid hormone response element
6. 3-inducible promoters and blocks activity of the retinoic acid receptor
7. A nuclear factor that enhances binding of thyroid hormone receptors to thyroid hormone response elements
8. Different dimerization activities of α and β thyroid hormone receptor isoforms
9. The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily
10. Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor inhibits formation of a functional preinitiation complex: implications for active repression
11. Interactions among a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors: the regulatory zipper model
12. Half-site spacing and orientation determines whether thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptor and related factors bind to DNA response elements as monomers, homodimers, or heterodimers
13. The thyroid hormone receptor binds with opposite transcriptional effects to a common sequence in thyroid hormone and estrogen response elements
14. Positive and negative regulation of gene transcription by a retinoic acidthyroid hormone receptor heterodimer
15. Activation of protein kinase C or cAMP-dependent protein kinase increases phosphorylation of the c-erbA-encoded thyroid hormone receptor and of the v-erbAencoded protein
16. Reconstitution of retinoid X receptor function and combinatorial regulation of other nuclear hormone receptors in yeast Saccharomvces cerevisiae
17. 9-cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor
18. Identification of a thyroid hormone receptor that is pituitary-specific
19. The C′-terminal interaction domain of the thyroid hormone receptor confers the ability of the DNA site to dictate positive or negative transcriptional activity
20. The regulation of transcription by phosphorylation
21. Positive and negative thyroid hormone response elements are composed of strong and weak half-sites 10 nucleotides in length
22. Thyroid hormone receptor-induced bending of specific DNA sequences is modified by an accessory factor
23. 3 signalling
24. Differential orientations of the carboxyterminal dimerization interface regulate binding site selection by nuclear receptor heterodimers
25. Thyroid hormone receptors: multiple forms, multiple possibilities
26. Differential DNA binding by monomerc, homodimeric, and potentially heteromeric forms of the thyroid hormone receptor
27. Immunocytochemical delineation of thyroid hormone receptor β2-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system
28. Purification, cloning, and RXR identity of the HeLa cell factor with which RAR or TR heterodimerizes to bind target sequences efficiently
29. 9-cis retinoic acid stereoisomer binds and activates the nuclear receptor RXRα
30. Assignment of the β-thyroid hormone receptor to 3,5,3′ triiodothyronine-dependent inhibition of transcription from the thyrotropinreleasing hormone promoter in chick hypothalamic neurons
31. Phosphorylation stimulates transcriptional activity of human TRβ-1 thyroid hormone receptor
32. H-2RIIBP (RXRβ) heterodimerization provides a mechanism for combinatorial diversity in the regulation of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone responsive genes
33. Variable transcriptional activity and ligand binding of mutant β1,3,5,3′ triiodothyronine receptors from four families with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone
34. High affinity and specificity of dimeric binding of thyroid hormone receptors to DNA and their ligand dependent dissociation
35. Identification of nuclear factors that enhance binding of the thyroid hormone receptor to a thyroid hormone response element
36. The orientation and spacing of core DNAbinding motifs dictate selective transcriptional responses to three nuclear receptors
37. Thyroid hormone receptor dimerization is required for dominant negative inhibition by mutations that cause thyroid hormone resistance mutants
38. Thyroid hormone receptor mutants that cause resistance to thyroid hormone: evidence for receptor competition for DNA sequences in target genes
39. Thyroid hormone receptor mutations that interfere with transcriptional activation also interfere with receptor interaction with a nuclear protein
40. Advances in our understanding of thyroid hormone action at the cellular level
41. Determinants for selective RAR and TR recognition of direct repeat HREs
42. Dopaminergic and ligandindependent activation of steroid hormone receptors
43. The syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone
44. A tissue-specific enhancer confers Pit-1-dependent morphogen inducibility and autoregulation on the pit-1 gene.
45. Thyroid hormone alters in vitro DNA binding of monomers and dimers of thyroid hormone receptors
46. Ligand-dependent synergy of thyroid hormone and retinoid X receptors
47. Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone associated with a mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the human thyroid hormone receptor β
48. Regulation of gene expression by thyroid hormone
49. Ligand-binding and heterodimerization activities of a conserved region of the ligandbinding domain of the thyroid hormone receptor
50. β1 Isoform-specific regulation of a triiodothyronine-induced gene during cerebellar development
51. 3) receptor-auxiliary proteins (TRAPs) and their relationship to the retinoid X receptors (RXRs)
52. 3)-receptor homodimer binding to DNA
53. 3 receptors
54. A base mutation of the c-erbA β thyroid hormone receptor in a kindred with generalized thyroid hormone resistance
55. Oligomeric binding of T3 receptor is required for maximal T3 response
56. Differential capacity of wild type promoter elements for binding and transcription by retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors
57. AP-1 antagonizes thyroid hormone receptor action on the thyrotropin β-subunit gene
58. 3 decreases binding to DNA by T3 receptor homodimers but not receptor-auxiliary protein heterodimers
59. 3-receptor/ retinoid X receptor heterodimer binding to DNA
60. New insights on the mechanism(s) of the dominant negative effect of mutant thyroid hormone receptor in generalized resistance to thyroid hormone
61. Orientation and spacing of half-sites differentially affect T3-receptor (TR) monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs)
62. Roles of v-erbA homodimers and heterodimers in mediating dominant negative activity by v-erbA.
63. Roles of T3 and DNA-binding on thyroid hormone receptor complex formation
64. Half-site arrangement of hybrid glucocorticoid response elements specifies thyroid hormone receptor complex binding to DNA and transcriptional activity
65. RXRβ: a coregulator that enhances binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate response elements
66. Regulation of retinoid and thyroid hormone action through homo- and heterodimeric receptors
67. Ligandbinding domain of thyroid hormone receptors modulates DNA binding and determines their bifunctional roles
68. Retinoid X receptor is an auxiliary protein for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors