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552 in the SH2 domain of P185 with Leu was 5′-TATCCGCTGAGCAGCGGGATCAATGGCAGCTTCTTGGTGCTTGAGAGTGAGAGCAGTCC-3′, where the underlined sequence replaced the WT codon of CGT. The downstream primer used was 3′-CGTAAACCTCATAACGAAACCTTCGAACGC-5′. Sequences of c-abl were used as a template to PCR-amplify the mutant SH2 domain. The PCR product was subcloned into c-abl pBluescript (Stratagene) and analyzed by dideoxy DNA sequencing (Sequenase, United States Biochemical) to verify the presence of the point mutation. The FLVRES mutation was then reconstructed into Bcr-Abl by ligation of a Kpn I and Hind III digest of c-abl FLVRES mutant to an Eco RI and Kpn I digest of P185 bcr-abl. The P185 FLVRES mutant was then subcloned into the pSRαMSVtkneo retroviral vector (10) as an Eco RI and Hind III fragment. The autophosphorylation mutant P185 Y813F was generated by the recombination of the 5′ end of P185 bcr-abl with a Kpn I and Hind III fragment of P210 bcr-abl 1294F (3). To generate the double mutant P185 L552 and F813, P185 Y813F was digested with Bsr GI and Hind III and recombined with the 5′ end of P185 R552L.
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A fraction of Grb-2 molecules was found to undergo a mobility shift within cells expressing all P185 forms, excluding cells expressing P185 Y177F. Immunoblot analysis with antibody to phosphotyrosine revealed that the upper band was tyrosine-phosphorylated Grb-2, which may be the result of Bcr-Abl overexpression in 293T cells.
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Three independent transformed colonies were isolated and expanded in tissue culture. Bcr-Abl expression, intracellular phosphotyrosine concentrations, and DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of the FLVRES mutation. Protein immunoblot analysis of transformed colonies with antibody to phosphotyrosine gave results indistinguishable from those shown in Fig. 1.
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4 cells per 6-cm dish. The samples were plated in duplicate in medium containing fetal calf serum (20%). Colonies equal to and larger than 0.5 mm in size were counted for 2 to 3 weeks after growth in soft agar. The numbers of colonies grown in soft agar represent averages from five independent experiments for cells expressing WT P185. Colonies expressing mutant P185 proteins were averaged from two to three independent experiments. Large colonies (L) represent sizes ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 mm in diameter. Small colonies (S) represent visually detectable colonies ≤0.5 mm in diameter. G418-resistant populations expressing P185 proteins were superinfected with retrovirus containing the neo gene or retrovirus containing c-myc.
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We thank A. M. Pendergast for providing the Grb-2 binding mutant of Bcr-Abl (P185 Y177F); S. Smale, D. Black, A. Berk, L. Zipursky, D. Saffran, and L. Cohen for critical review of the manuscript; S. Quan and J. C. White for photography; and J. Shimaoka for assistance in preparation of the manuscript. D.E.H.A. is a fellow of the Medical Research Council of Canada. A.G. is a fellow of the UCLA medical scientist training program. O.N.W. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Supported by the Physician Scientist Award CA 01551 from the National Cancer Institute (C.L.S.) and by grant CA 53867 from the National Institutes of Health (O.N.W.).
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