Incentives Improve Outcome in Outpatient Behavioral Treatment of Cocaine Dependence

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 51, Issue 7, 1994, Pages 568-576

  Higgins, Stephen T ^a   Budney, Alan J ^a   Bickel, Warren K ^a   Foerg, Florian E ^a   Donham, Robert ^a   Badger, Gary J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CANNABIS; COCAINE;

ADULT; ALCOHOL ABUSE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING SCALE; REINFORCEMENT; URINALYSIS;

ADULT; AMBULATORY CARE; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COCAINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MOTIVATION; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0028279299     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: 15383636     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950070060011     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Chalsson RE, Bacchetti P, Osmond D, Brodie B, Sande MA, Moss AR. Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco. JAMA. 1989;261: 561–565.
2. De La Rosa M, Lambert EY, Gropper B, eds. Drugs and Violence: Causes, Correlates, and Consequences. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1990. National Institute on Drug Abuse research monograph 103.
3. Kain ZN, Kain TS, Scarpelli EM. Cocaine exposure in utero: perinatal development and neonatal manifestations—review. Clin Toxicol. 1992;30: 607–636.
4. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population Estimates 1991. Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1991. Dept of Health and Human Services publication ADM 92–1887.
5. Harrison LD. Trends in illicit drug use in the United States: conflicting results from national surveys. Int J Addict. 1992;27: 817–847.
6. Gfroerer JC, Brodsky MD. Frequent cocaine users and their use of treatment. Am J Public Health. 1993;83: 1149–1154.
7. Gawin FH, Kleber HD. Cocaine abuse treatment: an open pilot trial with lithium and desipramine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984;41: 903–910.
8. Gawin FH, Kleber HD, Byck R, Rounsaville BJ, Kosten TR, Jatlow PI, Morgan C. Desipramine facilitation of initial cocaine abstinence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46: 117–121.
9. Weddington WW, Brown BS, Haertzen CA, Hess JM, Mahaffey JR, Kolar AF, Jaffe JH. Comparison of amantadine and desipramine combined with psychotherapy for treatment of cocaine dependence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1991;17: 137–152.
10. Rawson RA, Obert JL, McCann MJ, Castro FG, Ling W. Cocaine abuse treatment: a review of current strategies. J Subst Abuse. 1991;3: 457–491.
11. McLellan AT, Arndt 10, Metzger DS, Woody GE, O'Brien CP. The effects of psychosocial services in substance abuse treatment. JAMA. 1993;269: 1953–1959.
12. Higgins ST, Delaney DD, Budney AJ, Bickel WK, Hughes JR, Foerg F, Fenwick JW. A behavioral approach to achieving initial cocaine abstinence. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148: 1218–1224.
13. Higgins ST, Budney AJ, Bickel WK, Hughes JR, Foerg F, Badger G. Achieving cocaine abstinence with a behavioral approach. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150: 763–769.
14. Bigelow GE, Stitzer ML, Griffiths RR, Liebson IA. Contingency management approaches to drug self-administration and drug abuse: efficacy and limitations. Addict Behav. 1981;6: 241–252.
15. Sisson RW, Azrin NH. The Community Reinforcement Approach. In: Hester RK, Miller WR, eds. Handbook of Alcoholism Treatment Approaches: Effective Alternatives. New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc; 1989: 242–258.
16. Sorensen JL, Costantini MF, Wall TL, Gibson DR. Coupons attract high-risk untreated heroin users into detoxification. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993;31: 247–252.
17. Higgins ST, Stitzer ML, Bigelow GE, Liebson IA. Contingent methadone delivery: effects on illicit-opiate use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1986;17: 311–322.
18. Carroll ME, Lac ST, Nygaard SL. A concurrently available nondrug reinforcer prevents the acquisition or decreases the maintenance of cocaine-reinforced behavior. Psychopharmacology. 1989;97: 23–29.
19. Nader NA, Woolverton WL. Effects of increasing the magnitude of an alternative reinforcer on drug choice in a discrete-trials choice procedure. Psychopharmacology. 1991;105: 169–174.
20. Spealman RD. Behavior maintained by termination of a schedule of selfadministered cocaine. Science. 1979;204: 1231–1233.
21. Johanson CE. The effects of electric shock on responding maintained by cocaine injections in a choice procedure in the rhesus monkey. Psychopharmacology. 1977;53: 277–282.
22. Higgins ST, Bickel WK, Hughes JR. Influence of an alternative reinforcer on human cocaine self-administration. Life Sci. In press.
23. Bickel WK, DeGrandpre RJ. Modeling drug abuse policy in the behavioral economics laboratory. In: Green L, Kagel JH, eds. Advances in Behavioral Economics. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp; 3. In press.
24. Anker AA, Crowley TJ. The use of contingency contracts in speciality clinics for cocaine abuse. In: Harris LS, ed. Problems of Drug Dependence 1981. Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1981: 452–459. National Institute on Drug Abuse research monograph 41.
25. Stitzer ML, Bickel WK, Bigelow GE, Liebson IA. Effects of methadone dose contingencies on urinalysis test results of poly-abusing methadonemaintenance patients. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1986;18: 341–348.
26. Aickin M. A program for balancing the allocation of subjects in a clinical trial. Comput Biomed Res. 1982;15: 519–524.
27. McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Cacciola J, Griffith J, Evans F, Barr HL, O'Brien CP. New data from the Addiction Severity Index: reliability and validity in three centers. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1985;173: 412–423.
28. McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, O'Brien CP, Druley KA. Predicting response to alcohol and drug abuse treatments: role of psychiatric severity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40;620–625.
29. Hudziak J, Helzer JE, Wetzel MW, Kessel KB, McGee B, Janca A, Przybeck P. The use of the DSM-III-R checklist for initial diagnostic assessments. Compr Psychiatry. 1993;34: 375–383.
30. Azrin NH, Naster BJ, Jones R. Reciprocity counseling: a rapid learning-based procedure for marital counseling. Behav Res Ther. 1973;11: 364–382.
31. Azrin NH, Besalel VA. Job Club Counselor's Manual. Baltimore, Md: University Park Press; 1980.
32. Nathan PE, Lansky D. Common methodological problems in research on the addictions. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;46: 713–726.
33. SAS Institute Inc. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5 Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1985.
34. Iguchi MY, Stitzer ML. Predictors of opiate drug abuse during a 90-day methadone detoxification. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1991;17: 279–294.
35. Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ, Gawin FH. A comparative trial of psychotherapies for ambulatory cocaine abusers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1991;17: 229–247.
36. Childress AR, Hole AV, Ehrman RN, Robbins SJ, McLellan AT, O'Brien CP. Cue reactivity and cue reactivity interventions in drug dependence. In: Onken LS, Blaine JD, Boren JJ, eds. Behavioral Treatments for Drug Abuse and Dependence. Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1993: 73–95. National Institutes of Health publication 93–3684. National Institute on Drug Abuse research monograph 137.
37. Rawson RA. Neurobehavioral treatment for cocaine dependency: a preliminary evaluation. In: Tims FM, Leukefeld CG, eds. Cocaine Treatment: Research and Clinical Perspectives. Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1993: 92–115. National Institutes of Health publication 93–3639. National Institute on Drug Abuse research monograph 135.
38. Stitzer ML, Iguchi MY, Felch LJ. Contingent take-home incentive. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992;60: 927–934.
39. Cottler LB, Shillington AM, Compton WM III, Mager D, Spitznagel EL. Subjective reports of withdrawal among cocaine users: recommendations for DSMIV. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993;33: 97–104.
40. Lewinsohn PM. A behavioral approach to depression. In: Friedman R, Katz M, eds. The Psychology of Depression: Contemporary Theory and Research. Washington, DC: Winston; 1974: 157–185.
41. Kang S-Y, Kleinman PH, Woody GE, Millman RB, Todd TC, Kemp J, Lipton DS. Outcomes for cocaine abusers after once-a-week psychosocial therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148: 630–635.
42. Higgins ST, Budney AJ, Bickel WK, Hughes JR, Foerg F. Disulfiram therapy in patients abusing cocaine and alcohol. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150: 676–677.
43. Higgins ST, Budney AJ, Bickel WK, Badger GJ. Participation of significant others in outpatient behavioral treatment predicts greater cocaine abstinence. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1994;20: 47–56.
44. Holder HD, Blose JO. Typical patterns and cost of alcoholism treatment across a variety of populations and providers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991;15: 190–195.
45. Drucker E. AIDS and addiction in New York City. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1986;12: 165–181.
46. Phibbs CS, Batemen DA, Schwartz RM. The neonatal costs of maternal cocaine use. JAMA. 1991;226: 1521–1526.
47. Bigelow G, Strickler D, Liebson I, Griffiths R. Maintaining disulfiram ingestion among outpatient alcoholics. Behav Res Ther. 1976;14: 378–381.
48. Epstein LH, Wing RR. Behavioral contracting: health behaviors. In: Franks C, ed. New Developments in Behavior Therapy: From Research to Clinical Application. New York, NY: The Haworth Press; 1984: 409–449.
49. Damico M. Incentives in our schools. Business Incentive Strategies. 1992;51: 4–18.
50. Caring for Tomorrow's Children. Columbia, SC: Office of the Governor; 1993.
51. Goldberg SR, Stolerman IP. Behavioral Analysis of Drug Dependence. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press Inc; 1986.