Functional imaging and language: Evidence from positron emission tomography

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 1994, Pages 175-190

  Liotti, Mario ^a   Gay, Charles T ^a   Fox, Peter T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain metabolism; Cerebral blood flow; Language; Positron emission tomography; Single word processing; Speech

Indexed keywords

AUDITORY STIMULATION; COGNITION; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HEARING; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; PHONEME; PHONETICS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; REVIEW; SPEECH; TEMPORAL CORTEX; WORD RECOGNITION;

ANIMAL; BRAIN; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; MENTAL PROCESSES; PHONETICS; PHOTIC STIMULATION; SEMANTICS; SPEECH; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0028261512     PISSN: 07360258     EISSN: 15371603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004691-199403000-00003     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Barris RW, Schuman HR. Bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus lesions. Neurology 1953;3:44–52.
2. Brannan SK, Gay CT, Fox PT. Human functional brain mapping: paradigm design, important characteristics of elementary stimuli, and data reduction/analysis. In: Le Bihan D, Rosen B, eds. Diffusion and perfusion: magnetic-resonance imaging. New York: Raven Press (in press).
3. Carr TH, Pollatsek A. Recognizing printed words: a look at current models. In: Besner D, Waller TG, MacKinnon GE, eds. Reading research: advances in theory and practice, vol V. San Diego: Academic Press, 1985:821–82.
4. Coltheart M. Cognitive neuropsychology and the study of reading. In: Posner MI, Marin OSM, eds. Attention and performance XI. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1985:3–37.
5. Corbetta M, Miezin FH, Dobmayer S, Shulman GI, Petersen SE. Attentional modulation of neural processing of shape, color, and velocity in humans. Science 1990;248:1556–9.
6. Cossu G, Marshall JC. Theoretical implications of the hyperlexia syndrome: two new Italian cases. Cortex 1986;22:579–89.
7. Damasio AR. Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: a systems model proposal for the neural substrate of recall and recognition. Cognition 1989;33:25–62.
8. Demonet JF, Chollet F, Ramsay S, et al. The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects. Brain 1992;115:1753–68.
9. Demonet JF, Wise R, Frackowiak RSJ. Language functions explored in normal subjects by positron emission tomography: a critical review. Hum Brain Map 1994;1:39–47.
10. De Renzi E, Liotti M, Nìchelli P. Semantic amnesia with preservation of autobiographical memory. Cortex 1987;4:234–50.
11. DeSimone R, Ungerleider LG. Neural mechanisms of visual processing in monkeys. In: Boiler F. Grafman G, eds. Handbook of neuropsychology, vol 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989;267–300.
12. Edelman GM. The remembered present: a biological theory of consciousness. New York: Basic Books, 1989.
13. Evans AC, Beil C, Marrett S, Thompson CJ, Hakin A. Anatomical-functional correlation using an adjustable MRI-based region of interest atlas with positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988;8:513–30.
14. Faglioni P, Spinnler H, Vignolo L. Contrasting behavior of right and left hemisphere damaged patients on a discriminative and semantic test of auditory recognition. Cortex 1969;5:366–89.
15. Felleman DJ, Van Essen DC. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 1991;1:1–47.
16. Fiez JA, Petersen SE, Cheney MK, Raichle ME. Impaired nonmotor learning and error detection associated with cerebellar damage. A single case study. Brain 1992;115:155–78.
17. Fox PT, Mikiten S, Davis G, Lancaster JL. Brainmap: a database of human functional brainmapping. In: Thatcher RW, Hallet M, Zeffiro T, et al., eds. Advances in functional neuroimaging: technical foundations. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, in press.
18. 15O tissue activity. J Nucl Med 1988;30:141–9.
19. Fox PT, Mintun MA, Reiman EM, Raichle ME. Enhanced detection of focal brain responses using inter-subject averaging and change-distribution analysis of subtracted PET images. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988;8:642–53.
20. Fox PT, Pardo JV, Petersen SE, Raichle ME. Supplementary motor and premotor responses to actual and imagined hand movement with positron emission tomography. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1987;13:1433.
21. Fox PT, Perlmutter JS, Raichle ME. A stereotactic method of anatomical localization for positron emission tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1985;9:141–53.
22. Friberg L, Lassen NA. Language and the cerebral hemispheres: impact of stimulus relevance and absence of lateralized activation response as revealed by rCBF studies. In: Lassen NA, Ingvar DH, Raichle ME, Friberg L, eds. Brain work and mental activity. Quantitative studies with radioactive tracers. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1991:294–312.
23. Fristen KJ, Frackowiak RSJ. Imaging functional anatomy. In: Lassen NA, Ingvar DH, Raichle ME, Friberg L, eds. Brain work and mental activity (Alfred Benzon Symposium). Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1991:267–77.
24. Fristen KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Dolan RJ, Lammertsma AA, Frackowiak RSJ. The relationship between global and local changes in PET scans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990;10:458–66.
25. Fristen KJ, Frith CD, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RSJ. Investigating a network model of word generation with positron emission tomography. Proc R Soc Lond 1991;244:101–6.
26. Fristen KJ, Passingham RE, Nutt JG, Heather JD, Sawle GV, Frackowiak RSJ. Localization in PET images: direct fitting of the intercommissural (AC-PC) line. J Cerebd Blood Flow Metab 1989;9:690–5.
27. Frith CD, Fristen KJ, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RSJ. A PET study of word finding. Neuropsychologia 1991a;29:1137–48.
28. Frith CD, Friston KJ, Liddle PF, Frackowiak RSJ. Willed action and the prefrontal cortex in man: a study with PET. Proc R Soc Lond 1991b;29:1137–48.
29. Fuster JM. The prefrontal cortex. New York: Raven Press, 1989.
30. Gay GT, Brannan SK, Fox PT. Human functional brain mapping: functional areas, variables, information processing theory. In: Le Bihan D, Rosen B, eds. Diffusion and perfusion: magnetic resonance imaging. New York: Raven Press (in press).
31. Geschwind N. The organization of language and the brain: language disorders after brain damage help in elucidating the neural basis of verbal behavior. Science 1970;170:940–44.
32. Goldman-Rakiç PS. Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In: Handbook of physiology—the nervous system V. Bethesda: American Physiological Society, 1987:373–417.
33. Heilman KM, Valenstein E. Clinical neuropsychology, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
34. Howard D, Patterson K, Wise R, et al. The cortical localization of the lexicons. Brain 1992;115:1769–82.
35. Jackson JH. On the nature of the duality of the brain. In: Taylor J, Holmes G, Walshe FMR, eds. Selected writings of John Hughlings Jackson, vol 2, 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 1958:129–45.
36. Jonides J, Smith EE, Koeppe RA, Awh E, Minoshima S, Mintun MA. Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET. Nature 1993;363:623–5.
37. Kosslyn SM. Seeing and imaging in the cerebral hemispheres: a computational approach. Psychol Rev 1987;2:148–75.
38. Lauter JL, Herskovitch P, Formby C, Raichle ME. Tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex revealed by positron emission tomography. Hearing Res 1985;20:199–205.
39. Marrett S, Bub D, Chertkow H, et al. Functional neuroanatomy of visual single word processing studied with PET/MRI. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1990;16:27.
40. Marsoleck CJ, Kosslyn SM, Squire LR. Form-specific visual priming in the right cerebral hemisphere. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1992;18:492–508.
41. Masdau JC, Scoene WC, Funkestein H. Aphasia following infarction of the left supplementary motor area. Neurology 1978;28:1220–3.
42. Mazoyer BM, Dehaene S, Tzourio N, et al. The cortical representation of continuous speech. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993;13(Suppl 1):S261.
43. Mazziotta JC, Phelps ME, Carson RE, Kuhl DE. Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: auditory stimulation. Neurology 1982;31:503–16.
44. McCarthy RA, Warrington EK. Cognitive neuropsychology. A clinical introduction. New York: Academic Press, 1990.
45. Mesulam MM. Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Ann Neurol 1990;28:597–613.
46. Milberg W, Blumstein SE. Lexical decision and aphasia: evidence for semantic processing. Brain Lang 1981;14:371–85.
47. Mintun MA, Fox PT, Raichle ME. A highly accurate method of localizing regions of neuronal activity in the human brain with positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989;9:96–103.
48. Mishkin M. A memory system in the monkey. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 1982;B298:85–95.
49. Mohr JP, Pessin MS, Finkelstein S, Funkenstein HH, Duncan GW, Davis KR. Broca aphasia: pathologic and clinical. Neurology 1978;28:311–24.
50. Nishizawa Y, Olsen TS, Larsen B, Lassen NA. Left-right cortical asymmetries of regional cerebral blood flow during listening to words. J Neurophysiol 1982;48:458–66.
51. Petersen SE, Fiez JA. The processing of single words studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Rev Neurosci 1993;16:509–30.
52. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME. Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature 1988;331:585–9.
53. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME. Positron emission tomographic studies of the processing of single words. J Cogn Neurosci 1989;1:153–70.
54. Petersen SE, Fox PT, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME. Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and wordlike stimuli. Science 1990;249:1041–4.
55. Petrides M. Deficits on conditional associative-learning tasks after frontal and temporal lobe excisions in man. Neuropsychologia 1985;23:601–14.
56. Posner MI. Chronometrie explorations of mind. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978.
57. Posner MI, Inhoff AW, Friedrich FJ, Cohen A. Isolating attentional systems: a cognitive-anatomical analysis. Psychobiology 1987;15:107–21.
58. Posner MI, Petersen SE. The attention system of the human brain. Ann Rev Neurosci 1990;13:25–42.
59. Posner MI, Petersen SE, Fox PT, Raichle ME. Localization of cognitive operations in the human brain. Science 1988;240:1627–31.
60. Posner MI, Snyder CRR. Facilitation and inhibition in the processing of signals. In: Rabbitt PMA, Dornic S, eds. Attention and performance V. New York: Academic Press, 1975.
61. Raichle ME, Fiez JA, Videen TO, et al. Practice-related changes in human brain functional anatomy during non-motor learning. Cereb Cortex 1994;4:8–26.
62. Rizzolatti G, Gentilucci M, Fogassi L, Luppino G, Matelli M, Ponzoni Maggi S. Neurons related to goal-directed motor act in inferior area 6 of the macaque monkey. Exp Brain Res 1987;67:220–4.
63. Roland PE. Brain activation. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1993.
64. Ross ED. Nonverbal aspects of language. Neurol Clin 1993;11:9–23.
65. Rumelhart DE, McClelland JL. Parallel distributed processing, vols 1 and 2. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.
66. Schwartz MF, Marin OSM, Saffran EM. Dissociations of language function in dementia: a case study. Brain Lang 1979;7:277–306.
67. Sergent J, Ohta S, MacDonald B. Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. Brain 1992a;115:15–36.
68. Sergent J, Zuck E, Levesque M, MacDonald B. Positron emission tomography study of letter and object processing: empirical findings and methodological considerations. Cereb Cortex 1992b;2:68–80.
69. Sergent J, Zuck E, Terrian S, MacDonald B. Distributed neural network underlying musical sight-reading and keyboard performance. Science 1992c;257:106–9.
70. Shallice T. Phonological agraphia and the lexical route in writing. Brain 1981;104:413–9.
71. Sitdis JS, Volpe BT. Selective loss of complex pitch or speech discrimination after unilateral lesion. Brain Lang 1988;20:235–45.
72. Squire LR, Ojemann JG, Miezin FM, Petersen SE, Videen TO, Raichle ME. Activation of the hippocampus in normal humans: a functional anatomical study of memory. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1992;89:1837–41.
73. Steinmetz H, Seitz RJ. Functional anatomy of language processing: neuroimaging and the problem of individual variability. Neuropsychologia 1991;29:1149–61.
74. Swinney D, Zurif E, Nicol J. The effects of focal brain damage on sentence processing: an examination of the neurological organization of a mental module. J Cogn Neurosci 1989;1:25–37.
75. Talairach J, Szikla G, Tournoux P, et al. Atlas d’anatomie stereotaxique du telencephale, vol 1. Paris: Masson, 1967.
76. Tanaka Y, Yamadori A, Mori E. Pure word deafness following bilateral lesions: a psychophysical analysis. Brain 1987;110:381–403.
77. Wise R, Chollet F, Hadar U, Fristen K, Hoffner E, Frackowiak R. Distribution of cortical neural networks involved in word comprehension and word retrieval. Brain 1991;114:1803–17.
78. Worsley KJ, Evans AC, Marrett S, Neelin PA. Three-dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992;12:300–18.
79. Zaidel E. Language functions in the two hemispheres following complete cerebral commissurotomy and hemispherectomy. In: Boiler F, Grafman J, eds. Handbook of neuropsychology, vol 4. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990:115–50.
80. Zatorre RJ, Evans AC, Meyer E, Gjedde A. Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discrimination in speech processing. Science 1992;256:846–9.